新人教版八下Unit8-現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)語法

Unit8HaveyoureadTreasureIslandyet?（語法一）SectionAGrammarFocus現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：

表示過去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的某一動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果，或從過去開始一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或保存的狀態(tài)。結(jié)構(gòu)：主語+have/has+動(dòng)詞的過去分詞一般疑問句：have/has…?Yes,Ihave.No,Ihaven’t.Yes,shehas.No,shehasn’t.Revision1.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成have/has+v過去分詞助動(dòng)詞否定haven’thasn’t疑問Haveyou…?Hashe…?常與下列時(shí)間狀語連用：just,already,yet,ever,never,before,severaltimes,howlong,sofar,recently,for+時(shí)間段since+（時(shí)間點(diǎn)，或過去時(shí)態(tài)從句）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)定義（一）例句（1.過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果。和already，never,ever,just,before,yet等狀語連用。--Wouldyoulikesomethingtoeatnowforbreakfast?----No,thanks.Ihavejust(剛剛)eatenmybreakfast.(影響和結(jié)果：已經(jīng)吃過了，現(xiàn)在我不餓)nowPast（過去）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)定義（一）例句.---Willyougotothemovieswithmetonight?--Whichmovie?--Hero.（英雄）---Oh,Ihaveseenittwice(對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響：已看過，不再去)3.Ican’tbuythatbook(影響和結(jié)果)becauseIhavealreadyrunoutofmymoney.4--What’sthematter,Linda?--Ican’tfindmyletter,couldyouhelpme?--Letter?oh,Yoursisterhasalreadyhelpedyoutopostit.(影響和結(jié)果是找不著信了)5.Sorry,Tom,Ican’tplaywithyou,（影響和結(jié)果）Ihaven’tfinishedmyhomeworkyet(尚未).

對(duì)比

(1)Iatemybreakfast.(我吃過早飯了)

(2)Isawthismovietwice(這部電影我看過兩次)(3)Iranoutofmymoney.（我把錢花光了）(4)Yoursisterhelpedyoutopostit.(你姐姐幫忙寄出去了)(5)Ididn’tfinishmyhomework(我沒有完成作業(yè)).思考：一般過去時(shí)和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)的區(qū)別111現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)的關(guān)鍵詞用法及區(qū)別（一）already和

yet

這兩個(gè)副詞常常用于完成時(shí)態(tài),其中already常用于肯定句,位置放在助動(dòng)詞have/has之后。翻譯為已經(jīng)yet常用于否定句和疑問句中，在否定句中翻譯為“尚未，還沒有”在疑問句中常翻譯為仍然，還，已經(jīng)如:Jimhasalreadyfinishedhiswork.Jim已經(jīng)把他的工作做完了。Motherhasn’tcomehomeyet.

媽媽還沒回來。HaveyoureadTheCalloftheWild

yet?

你已經(jīng)讀過《野性的呼喚》嗎？一、用“already,/yet”來填空1Haveyouwateredtheflowers_________?2Sofar(到目前為止)Wehave________planted3ootrees.3Tomhasn’tbeento(去過)thatcity______4Susan,haveyoupacked（打包）yourbag________?--Yes,Mom,Ihavedonethat________.5Wow,haveyoualreadyclimbedupthattalltree?Ican’tbelievemyeyes.(特例：already用于疑問句中，表示非常驚訝，驚奇)二、請(qǐng)完成課本60頁的4a現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示過去發(fā)生或完成的某一動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果。如：Have

you

read

that

story？你讀過那個(gè)故事嗎？（“讀”這一動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過去，對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響是：是否知道故事的內(nèi)容。）

I

have

bought

two

apples．

我買了兩個(gè)蘋果。

（“買”這一動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過去，對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的結(jié)果是：擁有兩個(gè)蘋果。）

（二）

ever,和neverever，“曾經(jīng)，用在肯定句或疑問句中”1.Hehasever

beenmycoach.(教練)2.Haveyoueverhelpedthosehomelesspeople?never，“從未，從來沒有，用在肯定句中”3.Ihaveneverbeentoshanghai.4.Shehasneverborrowedmoneyfromothers.(三)just和before5.just,“剛剛，用在肯定句中，助動(dòng)詞后”:Theyhavejustfinishedthatjob.6before,“以前，用在肯，否，疑問句中皆可，放在助動(dòng)詞后”IhaveclimbedMountainTaibefore（以前）.

現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和一般過去的區(qū)別現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與一般過去時(shí)的區(qū)別舉例如下：

1.

Ihavecleanedmyroom.(Myroomiscleannow.)

我已經(jīng)打掃過我的房間了。(強(qiáng)調(diào)現(xiàn)在的結(jié)果)

Icleanedmyroomlastweek.(Ididitinthepast.)

我上周打掃了我的房間。（只說明上周做了這件事，與現(xiàn)在無關(guān)）2.IhavelivedinNingyangfor20years(我在寧陽已經(jīng)住了20年了，現(xiàn)在還在住著)IlivedinNingyang20yearsago.（我20年前在寧陽住過，只強(qiáng)調(diào)20年前的事情，與現(xiàn)在無關(guān)）說明：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)指發(fā)生在過去的動(dòng)作強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響和結(jié)果；而一般過去式只強(qiáng)調(diào)過去，與現(xiàn)在無關(guān)。注意:

兩種時(shí)態(tài)中所使用的時(shí)間狀語不一樣(如:yesterday,lastyear,in1976,twodaysago,justnow,(剛才)whenshecamein等)—過去時(shí)態(tài)(如:already,yet,ever,never,just,before,once,twice,recently,lately,（近來）since,自從howlonghowmanytimes,多少次sofar目前為止等)---用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)兩大時(shí)態(tài)對(duì)比練習(xí)題1______youwashedyourfather’scaryet?--Yes,I___.ADo,doBDid,didCHave,haveHe_______readingthatbooklastnight.AfinishesBfinishedChasfinished3–Lucy,_____you_____theplants?--Yes,Mom.Ihave.--When_______you_______them?--Yesterdayafternoon.A.havewatered,didwaterB.didwater,didwaterC.havewatered,havewatered4.見綜訓(xùn)91頁“精題演練1--2”和綜訓(xùn)92頁鞏固訓(xùn)練的第二大題；六大時(shí)態(tài)小結(jié)同學(xué)們，截止到目前為止，我們一共學(xué)習(xí)了六大時(shí)態(tài)他們是：一般。。。，一般。。。，一般。。。，現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行，過去進(jìn)行，現(xiàn)在完成（請(qǐng)背會(huì)六大時(shí)態(tài)名稱）當(dāng)遇到有關(guān)各種時(shí)態(tài)夾雜在一起的練習(xí)題時(shí)，一定要小心謹(jǐn)慎，做題方法是：找關(guān)鍵詞—選擇敲定時(shí)態(tài)名稱---聯(lián)系構(gòu)成和句型----最后看一下主語再根據(jù)翻譯來判定。（一句話簡單總結(jié)為：找字眼，選時(shí)態(tài)，想構(gòu)成，看主語）即時(shí)訓(xùn)練題：

請(qǐng)看課本的60頁—完成4b完成配套第44頁的第II大題。爭取做對(duì)呀！Unit8HaveyoureadTreasureIslandyet?語法（二）定義二：.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)還可以表示過去已經(jīng)開始的動(dòng)作一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，到現(xiàn)在，甚至有可能繼續(xù)延續(xù)下去。我們可以從以下兩個(gè)方面進(jìn)一步學(xué)習(xí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)：一是：“時(shí)間點(diǎn)段的區(qū)分”二是“動(dòng)作延續(xù)的特性”時(shí)間點(diǎn)段的區(qū)分：主要掌握兩個(gè)關(guān)鍵詞“for,since”1.區(qū)別：“for”+時(shí)間段如:fortwodays;forthreeyears;fortenminutes;forsixmonths;foralongtime1)IhavestudiedEnglishforthreemonths..2)ShehaslivedinBeijingforfiveyears.3)Hehaswaitedforyouforaboutanhour.

2.

since:自從…;自……以來，后接三種形式(1).since+表示過去時(shí)間點(diǎn)的詞語Sincelastnight;sincethismorning;sincelastOctober;sinceseveno’clockyesterdaymorning；since1998……(2).since+時(shí)間段+ago翻譯為：自從……前Sincetwodaysago;sincefiveyearsago;since20minutesago

(3).since+表示過去時(shí)間的從句:sinceIlived/camehere：自從我來到、住到這兒forsinceHehaslivedhere________tenyearsago.選擇for或since填空：Ihavebeenhere_____fivemonthsago.2.Hehasbeenasoldier____abouttwomonths.3.Greatchangeshavetakenplace_____youleft.4.Hisgrandpahasbeendead____tenyears.5.IhavestudiedEnglish______I

was12yearsold.6.Itistwoyears_________Ibecameapostgraduatestudent.sinceforsinceforsincesince即學(xué)即練二者引出的時(shí)間狀語往往用howlong提問—Howlonghaveyouhadthisbook?

這本書你買多久了?—Foraweek./Sinceaweekago.

買一周了。Howlonghaveyouhadthatbikeoverthere?I'vehaditforthreeyears.Howlonghashissonownedthetrainandrailwayset? He’sowneditsincehisfourthbirthday.Haveyoueverplayedfootball?Yes,IdidwhenIwaslittle,butIhaven'tplayedforawhilenow.GrammarFocusUnit9Grammar現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)（二）(1).

Have(has)

been

in

意為“已經(jīng)在某地呆了多長時(shí)間”，常與表示一段時(shí)間的狀語連用。Mr.

Brown

has

been

in

Shanghai

for

three

days.

布朗先生來上海已經(jīng)有三天了。

They

have

been

in

Canada

for

five

years.

他們到加拿大有五年了。

5.have

/hasbeen

in,

have/has

been

to

與have

/hasgone

to

的用法

(2).

Have(has)

been

to意為“曾經(jīng)去過某地”，表示現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)不在那里了。已經(jīng)回來；可與just,

ever,

never

等連用。如：I’ve

just

been

to

the

post

office.

我剛才去過郵局了。（已回）

Have

you

ever

been

to

Hangzhou?

你曾經(jīng)去過杭州嗎？（已回）

Mary

has

never

been

to

the

Great

Wall.

瑪麗從未去過長城。

(3).

Have(has)

been

to

后面可接次數(shù)，

表示去過某地幾次。如：I've

been

to

Beijing

three

times.

我去過北京三次。

They

have

been

to

that

village

several

times.

他們?nèi)ミ^那個(gè)村莊好幾次了。(4).

Have(has)

gone

to

意為“到某地去了”，表示到了某地或正在去某地的途中?？傊?，說話時(shí)該人不在現(xiàn)場，一般不用第一、二人稱代詞作主語。如:—Where

is

Tom?

湯姆在哪里？

—He

has

gone

to

the

bookshop.他到書店去了。例如：HehasgonetoHongKong.他到香港去了。(他已前往香港,或在途中,或已到達(dá)。說話人暗示他現(xiàn)在不在現(xiàn)場)對(duì)比：Hehas

been

toHongKong.他去過香港。(說話人認(rèn)為他到過香港,言外之意對(duì)香港了解)對(duì)應(yīng)訓(xùn)練題：綜訓(xùn)第104頁和106頁的三題。練習(xí)題1Where’sTom?—He_____thelibrary.AhasgoneBhavegonetoChasgoneto2Howmanytimeshaveyouever______Dalian?AgonetoBbeentoCbeen3MountainTaiissobeautiful,butIhavenever_____before.AbeenBbeentoCgoneDgoneto4Myfatherisbusyeveryday.Thesedayshe_____Japanandhe______Japanmanytimes.Ahasgoneto,hasgonetoBbasgoneto,hasbeento,Chasbeento,basgonetoDhasbeento,hasbeento練習(xí)題:

It'salongtimesincewe____(meet)last,isn’tit?

2.--Iknowyou___________(choose)apicturebookamongthese.

--Yes,Havealookatit,please.

3.Sofar,spaceshipswithoutpeople___________(reach)themoonandsomeotherpartsoftheuniverse.

4.Myfather____homefornearlythreeweeks.

A.hasgoneawayfrom

B.hasleft

C.hasbeenawayfrom

D.wentaway

5.Mr.andMrs.Greenhave_____inChinaforaweek.

A.been

B.got

C.arrived

D.reachedmethavechosenhavereachedCAUnit10Grammar現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)（二）二.動(dòng)作延續(xù)的特性3.在英語中，有些動(dòng)詞本身就是延續(xù)性的動(dòng)詞，如：Wait;read;study;sleep;play;live;have;stay……他們可以與”for+時(shí)間段，since

+時(shí)間點(diǎn)”或過去的從句連用，也可以用“howlong”來提問1HehasstudiedEnglishforfiveyears.2IhavelivedinShanghaisinceIcametoChina.3HowlonghaveyoustayedinNewYork?—Fortenmonths.但是，還有一些動(dòng)詞是非延續(xù)性的動(dòng)詞，還必須用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)中，與表示時(shí)間段或時(shí)間點(diǎn)的詞組連用，此時(shí)，必須把這些非延續(xù)性的動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)化為它們對(duì)應(yīng)的延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，有些不可能全記住，只能記憶一些常見，常用，?？嫉模?，下面對(duì)應(yīng)的轉(zhuǎn)化大家一定記下來！而且對(duì)比記憶改錯(cuò)前后的不同。4.如:判讀下列各句的正誤Ihaveboughtthiscomputersincefouryearsago.(×)Ihavehadthiscomputersincefouryearsago.(√)Theoldmanhasdiedfor4years.(×)—Theoldmanhasbeendeadfor4years.(√)HehasjoinedthePartysince2yearsago.(×)—HehasbeeninthePartysince2yearsago.(√)Ihaveborrowedthebookfromthelibraryfortwoweeks.(×)Ihavekeptthebookfromthelibraryfortwoweeks.(√)Thefilmhasbegunfortenminutes.(×)Thefilmhasbeenonfortenminutes.(√)Hehascomeheresincetwodaysago(×)Hehasbeenheresincetwodaysago(√)Hehaslefthishomesincetwoyearsago(×)Hehasbeenawayfromhishomesincetwoyearsago.(√)Thefilmhasbegunfortenminutes.(×)Thefilmhasbeenonfortenminutes.(√)Howlonghasthesupermarketopened?(×)Howlonghasthesupermarketbeenopen?(√)總結(jié)：“買，借單獨(dú)記；其余都含been;(1)been+adj.形容詞—beendead;beenon;beenopen(2)been+adv.副詞–beenout;beenaway;beenover(3)been+prep.介詞”—beenin;beenawayfrom非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞和延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的轉(zhuǎn)換leave—beaway(from)borrow—keepbuy—havebegin/start—beondie