高中英語分詞語法(46張)

一、-ing形式作定語（attribute）1.單個動詞的-ing形式作定語位于被修飾名詞的前面,既可以表示被修飾者的作用或功能,也可以表示被修飾者的動作或狀態(tài)。如：buildingmaterials=materialsforbuilding建筑材料drinkingwater=waterfordrinking飲用水a(chǎn)walkingstick=astickforwalking手杖areadingroom=aroomforreading閱覽室awritingdesk=adeskforwriting寫字臺

tiringmusic=musicthatistiring煩人的音樂asurprisingresult=aresultthatissurprising一個驚人的結果比較:aswimmingpoolaswimmingboyasleepingcarasleepingbaby2.–ing形式短語作定語時,放在所修飾的名詞之后,并且在意思上相當于一個定語從句。如：Theylivedinaroomfacingthestreet.=Theylivedinaroomthatfacesthestreet.他們住在一間面朝街的房子。Theman

standing

there

isPeter’sfather.=Theman

who

is

standing

there

isPeter’sfather.站在那兒的那個人是彼得的父親。Anybodyswimming

in

this

riverwillbefined.=Anybodywhoisswimminginthis

river

willbefined.在這條河里游泳的任何一個人都會被罰款。3.-ing形式短語也可以用作非限制定語,相當于一個非限制性定語從句,這時,它與句子其他部分用逗號分開。如：Hisbrother,working

as

ateacher,livesinBeijing.=Hisbrother,whois

workingasateacher,livesinBeijing.他那個當教師的哥哥住在北京。Theappletree,swayinggentlyinthe

breeze,hadagoodcropoffruit.=Theappletree,which

wasswaying

gentlyinthebreeze,hadagoodcropoffruit.那棵蘋果樹碩果累累,在微風中輕輕搖曳。二、過去分詞作定語(Attribute)(1)在句中的位置單個的過去分詞作定語時，位于它所修飾的名詞或代詞前面；過去分詞短語作定語時，位于它所修飾的名詞或代詞后面。abrokenheartalostdogarisensunanorganizedtripabrokenglass

一顆破碎的心

喪家之犬

已升起的太陽有組織的旅行

被打破的玻璃杯

inthegiventimewiththewordsgivenawantedpersonworkerswantedaconcernedlookthepeopleconcernedbeconcernedwith在既定的時間內用所給的單詞被通緝的人招聘工人關切的神情有關人士thechangingworldthechangedworldboilingwaterboiledwaterfadingflowersfadedflowersadevelopingcountryadevelopedcountry（正在變化的）（變化了的）（正在沸騰的）（已經(jīng)沸騰過的）(正在凋謝的)（已經(jīng)凋謝的）(發(fā)展中的)（發(fā)達的）adrowningmanadrownedmanfallingleaves

fallenleavesaretiredworkeranescapedprisonerreturnedstudents

快要淹死的人已經(jīng)淹死的人正在飄落的樹葉落葉退休工人逃犯歸國留學生*Heisoneofthoseinvited.*Nothingreported(inthenewspaper)interestedhim.過去分詞修飾something,everything,anything,nothing,somebody,nobody，those等不定代詞時，要放在這些詞后面。Theexcitedpeoplerushedoutofthebuilding.Theyfoundadamagedcaratthegateofthepark.(2)

所表示的時間過去分詞作定語時，所表示的動作在謂語所表示的動作之前發(fā)生，(或者沒有一定的時間性)。Theletterpostedyesterdaywillsoonreachhim.比較tobedonebeingdoneHaveyoureadthebookswrittenbytheyoungwriter？

(3)語法功能過去分詞或過去分詞短語作定語時，其功能相當于一個定語從句。

ThestolenbikebelongstoJack.

ThebikewhichhadbeenstolenbelongstoJack.

ThelecturegivenbyProfessorZhangisaboutenvironmentprotection.ThelecturewhichwasgivenbyProfessorZhangisabouttheenvironmentprotection.

Iknowthepeoplebuildingthehousethere.(主動、進行）Thehousebeingbuiltoverthereisashop.(被動、正在建)Thehousebuiltoverthereisashop.（被動、已建好）

三、-ing形式作表語(Predicative)-ing形式作表語時放在系動詞之后,用來泛指某種動作或行為,以說明主語的身份、性質或情況。如：Herhobbyispainting.她的業(yè)余愛好是畫畫。Myjobislooking

afterthechildren.我的工作就是照顧這些孩子。Hisconcernforhismotherismost

touching.他對母親的關愛很感人。Shewasverypleasinginherappearance.常見作表語的現(xiàn)在分詞有：

disappointing,puzzling,amusing,frightening,terrifyingexciting,interesting,tiring,confusing,pleasing,discouraging,satisfying,inspiring,worrying等。

四、過去分詞作表語(Predicative)(1)過去分詞作表語時，多表示主語所處的狀態(tài)。

Thedoorremainedlocked.Shelookeddisappointed.Heseemedquitedelightedatthegoodnews.

常見作表語的過去分詞有：disappointed,drunk,amused,frightened,married,excited,experienced,interested,confused,pleased,puzzled,satisfied,tired,worried等。Cleaningwomeninbigcitiesusuallyget____bythehour.A.payB.payingC.paidD.topayC解析該題考查分詞作表語的用法。“topaysb.bythehour”計時給某人報酬。此題被動結構作表語。類似的有：getburnt,gethurt,getwounded.-ing作表語與-ed作表語的區(qū)別

Theresultofthetestisdisappointing.

Ifeeldisappointedintheresultofthetest.Thestoryisveryinteresting

Heisinterestedinthebook.Whatasurprising

result!Iamsurprisedatwhathesaid.Competethesentencesusingtherightformofthegivenverb.Ihadnothingtodo.Iwas__________(bore)andlonely.Jacklookedevenmore_______(amaze)thanhefelt.Theresultswerevery_____________(disappoint).Iwasthankedbythe_____________(satisfy)customer.Thegirl___________(dress)inredismydaughter.LastMondayourclasswentonan____________(organise)trip.

bored

amazed

disappointing

satisfied

dressed

organised五、-ing形式和過去分詞作賓語補足語1)位置：常放在賓語后面,-ing形式表示一個正在進行的主動性的動作,強調一個過程或一種狀態(tài)。過去分詞表示被動，如：1）Whenwereturnedtotheschool,we

foundastrangerstandingattheentrance.2.Isawmanypeopleinjuredintheaccident.Wefoundthesnakeeatingtheeggs.Wefoundthecakeeatenupbytheboys.Ifoundabaglyingontheground.Ifoundabagputontheground.Thebosskepttheworkersworking

thewholenight.那老板讓工人整夜地工作。3)當主句轉換為被動結構時,原來作賓語補足語的便轉換為主語補足語。如：Theyfoundtheresultverysatisfying.=Theresultisfoundverysatisfying.這個結果很令人滿意。Ifoundtheboypuzzled.=TheboywasfoundpuzzledTheyheardhimsinginginthenextroom.=Hewasheardsinginginthenextroom.IheardthesongsunginEnglish=ThesongwasheardsunginEnglish.4).能用分詞形式作賓語補足語的幾類動詞:表示感覺和心理狀態(tài)的動詞,常見的有see,hear,feel,smell,find,notice,observe,lookat,listento等。如：Ifeltsomebodypatting

meontheshoulder.Heobservedthethiefbeatenbythepassengers.5)表示指使意義的動詞,常見的有have,set,keep,get,catch,leave等。如：Iwon’thaveyoudoing

that.Hehadhismoneystolenonthebus.Ican’tgettheclockgoingagain.Youwon’tcatchmedoingthatagain.Ifoundhimcaughtintherain.Wefoundmanypeopletrappedintheliftsee,hear,feel,watch等動詞之后用-ing形式和動詞不定式作賓語補足語的區(qū)別：①前者表示動作正在進行,而后者表示(或強調)動作從開始到結束的全過程。如:Wepassedbytheclassmatesandsawtheteachermakingtheexperiment.我們走過教室,看見老師在做實驗。(只在走過教室的剎那間,看見老師正在做實驗)Wesatforanhourandwatchedtheteachermaketheexperiment.我們坐了一個小時,看老師做實驗。(一個小時之內一直在看老師作實驗)②如果賓語補足語是短暫性動詞,動詞不定式短語表示一次動作,而-ing形式則表示反復動作。e.g.Weheardthedoorslam.Weheardthedoorslamming.(反復動作)(一次動作)現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語時,分詞的邏輯主語必須是句子的主語,分詞必須和句中的主語含有邏輯上的主謂關系,否則不能用現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語。但要注意它的各種形式變化:主動形式被動形式

V-ingbeingV-edhavingV-edhavingbeenV-ed

一般式完成式e.g.Hearingthebell,thestudentsbegantoentertheclassroom.

聽見鈴聲,學生們開始走進教室。(聽見和進入兩個動作同時發(fā)生)Thebuildingbeingbuiltnowisournewlibrary.現(xiàn)在正在建造的這棟樓房室我們的新圖書館。(beingbuilt為現(xiàn)在分詞的被動形式,表示動作正在進行之中)Havingdonethework,hewenthome.

完成了工作,他就回家了?，F(xiàn)在分詞在句中作狀語,修飾謂語動詞或整個句子,表示動作發(fā)生的原因、時間、方式、結果、條件、伴隨狀況等?，F(xiàn)在分詞一般不用作表目的地狀語(通常用不定式表目的地狀語)。Walkinginthestreet,Icameacrossanoldfriendofmine.(=WhenIwaswalkinginthestreet,Icameacrossanoldfriendofmine.)Whilewaitingforthebus,hereadacopyofChinaDaily.(=Whilewaitingforthebus,hereadacopyofChinaDaily.)1)表時間狀語2)表原因狀語Beingill,hedidn’tgotoschool.(=ashewasill,hedidn’tgotoschool.)Beingastudent,youshouldstudyhard.(=Sinceyouareastudent,youshouldstudyhard.)既然你是一個學生,你就應該努力學習。由于想到它或許在家,所以我就給他打了電話。Thinkinghemightbeathome,Icalledhim.(AsIthoughthemightbeathome,Icalledhim.)3)表方式、伴隨情況的狀語:作伴隨狀語的分詞表示的動作,必須是主語的一個動作,或是與謂語所表示地動作(或狀態(tài))同時發(fā)生,或是對謂語表示的動詞(或狀態(tài))作進一步地補充說明。e.g.Hesatonthesofa,watchingTV.(=Hesatonthesofa,andwatchedTV.)他們笑著談著走進了教室。_____________________,theywentintotheclassroom.他斜靠(lean)著墻站著。Hestoodleaningagainstthewall.(＝Hestoodandleanedagainstthewall.)Laughingandtalking4)表結果e.g.Hermotherdiedin1990,leavingherwithheryoungerbrother.(=Hermotherdiedin1990,andleftherwithheryoungerbrother.)全國到處在傳唱這首歌曲,使它成了一首最受歡迎的歌曲。Thesongissungalloverthecountry,________________________________.makingitthemostpopularsong5)表條件Usingyourhead,youwillfindaway.(=Ifyouuseyourhead,youwillfindaway.)一直往前走,你就會看到一座白色地房子。______________,youwillseeawhitehouse.Walkingahead6)與邏輯主語構成獨立主格:

Iwaitingforthebus,abirdfellonmyheard．我等汽車時,一只鳥落到我頭上。

Alltheticketshavingbeensoldout,theywentawaydisappointedly.所有的票已經(jīng)賣光了,他們失望地離開了。

Timepermitting,we'lldoanothertwoexercises.如果時間允許,我們將做另兩個練習。有時也可用with(without)+名詞(代詞賓格)+分詞形式。Withthelightsburning,hefellasleep.他點著燈睡著了。7)作獨立成分:Judgingfrom(by)hisappearance,hemustbeanactor.從外表看,他一定是個演員。1.____inthetrafficaccident____takentohospital.A.Aninjured,wasB.Theinjured,hasC.Theinjuring,wereD.Theinjured,havebeen2.The___lookonthegirl’sfacesuggestedthatshe___suchbadnews.A.surprising,wouldexpectB.surprised,shouldexpectC.surprising,shouldn’thavebeenexpectedD.surprised,hadn’texpected3.Thegirl___forwardtobuyinganewgoldwatch.A.referredtolookB.referredtolookingC.referredtolooksD.referringtolooks4.It’sapayday，andtheyarewaiting____.payB.payingC.paidD.tobepaid5.Thefirsttextbooks____forteachingEnglishasaforeignlanguagecameoutinthe16thcentury.A.havingwrittenB.tobewrittenC.beingwrittenD.written6.You’llfindtheword"psychology"____under"P"inyourdictionary.A.havelistedB.listC.listedD.listing7.Whenwereachedthevillage,wesawnewhouses_____up.A.havingbeenputB.puttingC.beingputD.hadput8.Fromthedate___onthegoldcoin,wedecidedthatitwasmadefivehundredyearsago.A.mark