2023年全國碩士研究生招生考試《英語一》真題及答案

2023年全國碩士研究生招生考試《英語一》真題及答案材料題根據(jù)以下材料，（江南博哥）回答1-20題。

CaravanseraiswereroadsideinnsthatwerebuiltalongtheSilkRoadinareassuchasChina,NorthAfricaandtheMiddleEast.Theyweretypically1outsidethewallsofacityorvillageandwereusuallyfundedbylocalgovernmentsof2.Theword‘caravanserai’isa3ofthePersianwords‘karvan’,whichmeansagroupoftravellersoracaravan,and‘saray’,apalaceorenclosedbuilding.Thetermcaravanwasusedto4groupsofpeoplewhotravelledtogetheracrosstheancientnetworkforsafetyreasons,5merchants,travellersorpilgrims.Fromthe10thcenturyonwards,asmerchantandtravelroutesbecomemoredeveloped,the6ofthecaravanseraisincreasedandtheyservedasasafeplaceforpeopletorestatnight.TravellersontheSilkRoad7possibilityofbeingattackedbythievesorbeing8toextremeweatherconditions.Forthisreason,caravanseraiswerestrategicallyplaced9theycouldbereachedinaday’straveltime.Caravanseraisservedasaninformal10pointforthevariouspeoplewhotravelledtheSilkRoad.11,thesestructuresbecameimportantcentresforcultural12andinteraction,withtravellerssharingtheircultures,ideasandbeliefs,13talkingknowledgewiththem,greatly14thedevelopmentofseveralcivilisations.Caravanseraiswerealsoanimportantmarketplaceforcommoditiesand15inthetradeofgoodsalongtheSilkRoad.16,itwasfrequentlythefirststopmerchantslookingtoselltheirwaresand17suppliesfortheirownjourneys.Itis18thataround120,000to15,000caravanseraiswerebuiltalongtheSilkRoad,19onlyabout3,000areknowntoremaintoday,manyofwhicharein20.查看材料1.【完形填空】第1題A.displayedB.occupiedC.locatedD.equipped正確答案：C查看材料2.【完形填空】第2題A.privatelyB.regularlyC.respectivelyD.permanently正確答案：A查看材料3.【完形填空】第3題A.definitionB.transitionC.substitutionD.combination正確答案：B查看材料4.【完形填空】第4題A.classifyB.recordC.describeD.connect正確答案：C查看材料5.【完形填空】第5題A.apartfromB.insteadofC.suchasD.alongwith正確答案：C查看材料6.【完形填空】第6題A.constructionB.restorationC.impressionD.evaluation正確答案：A查看材料7.【完形填空】第7題A.doubtedB.facedC.acceptedD.reduced正確答案：B查看材料8.【完形填空】第8題A.assignedB.subjectedC.accustomedD.opposed正確答案：B查看材料9.【完形填空】第9題A.sothatB.evenifC.nowthatD.incase正確答案：A查看材料10.【完形填空】第10題A.talkingB.startingC.breakingD.meeting正確答案：D查看材料11.【完形填空】第11題A.BythewayB.OnoccasionC.IncomparisonD.Asaresult正確答案：D查看材料12.【完形填空】第12題A.heritageB.revivalC.exchangeD.status正確答案：C查看材料13.【完形填空】第13題A.withregardtoB.inspiteofC.aswellasD.inlinewith正確答案：C查看材料14.【完形填空】第14題A.completingB.influencingC.resumingD.pioneering正確答案：B查看材料15.【完形填空】第15題A.aidedB.investedC.failedD.competed正確答案：A查看材料16.【完形填空】第16題A.RatherB.IndeedC.OtherwiseD.However正確答案：B查看材料17.【完形填空】第17題A.goinforB.standupforC.closeinonD.stockupon正確答案：D查看材料18.【完形填空】第18題A.believedB.predictedC.recalledD.implied正確答案：A查看材料19.【完形填空】第19題A.untilB.becauseC.unlessD.although正確答案：D查看材料20.【完形填空】第20題A.ruinsB.debtC.fashionD.series正確答案：A材料題根據(jù)以下材料，回答21-25題。

TheweatherinTexasmayhavecooledsincetherecentextremeheat,butthetemperaturewillbehighattheStateBoardofEducationmeetinginAustinthismonthasofficialsdebatehowclimatechangeistaughtinTexasschools.

PatHardy,aconservativememberoftheboardwhosympathiseswiththeviewsoftheenergysector,isresistingproposedchangestosciencestandardsforpre-teenpupils.Thesewouldemphasisetheprimacyofhumanactivityinrecentclimatechangeandencouragediscussionofmitigationmeasures.

“Inthenationalstandards,everythinghastodowithclimatechange—that’sverylopsided,”sheclaims.“Thereareasmanyscientistsworkingagainstallthepanicofglobalclimatechangeastherearethosewhoarepushingit.Texasisanenergystateandweneedtorecognisethat.Youneedtorememberwhereyourbreadisbuttered.”

Mostscientistsandindependentexpertssharplydisputeherviews.“WhatmillionsofTexaskidslearnintheirpublicschoolsisdeterminedtoooftenbythepoliticalideologyofpartisanboardmembers,ratherthanfactsandsoundscholarship,”saysDanQuinn,seniorcommunicationsstrategistattheTexasFreedomNetwork,anon-profitgroupthatmonitorspubliceducation.“Theycasuallydismissthecareerworkofscholarsandscientistsasjustanothermisguidedopinion.”

AstudylastyearbytheNationalCenterforScienceEducation,anon-profitgroupofscientistsandteachers,lookingathowstatepublicschoolsacrossthecountryaddressclimatechangeinscienceclasses,gavebarelyhalfofUSstatesagradeB+orhigher.Amongthe10worstperformersweresomeofthemostpopulousstates,includingTexas,whichwasgiventhelowestgrade(F)andhasadisproportionateinfluencebecauseitstextbooksarewidelysoldelsewhere.

GlennBranch,thecentre’sdeputydirector,cautionsthatsettingstate-levelsciencestandardsisonlyonelimitedbenchmarkinacountrythatdecentralisesdecisionstolocalschoolboards.Evenifastateisconsideredahighperformerinitssciencestandards,“thatdoesnotmeanitwillbetaught”,hesays.

Anotherissueisthat,whileclimatechangeiswellintegratedintosomesubjectsandatsomeages—suchasearthandspacesciencesinhighschools—itisnotaswellrepresentedincurriculaforyoungerchildrenandinsubjectsthataremorewidelytaught,suchasbiologyandchemistry.Itisalsolessprominentinmanysocialstudiescourses.

Branchpointsoutthat,evenifagrowingnumberofofficialguidelinesandtextbooksreflectscientificconsensusonclimatechange,unofficialeducationalmaterialsthatconveymoreslantedperspectivesarebeingdistributedtoteachers.Theyincludematerialssponsoredbylibertarianthink-tanksandenergyindustryassociations.

Inothercountries,thepatternofclimatechangepracticesinschoolsisjustaspatchy.AstudythisyearbyUnesco,theUNagency,ofeducationalpoliciesandcurriculain46membernationsshowedthat,while92percentmadeatleastonereferencetoenvironmentalthemes,thedepthofinclusionwasverylowonaverage.Morethanhalfofmembersmadenomentionofclimatechangeinpolicyandcurriculadocuments,andjust19percentdiscussedbiodiversity.“Moreneedstobedonetopreparelearnerswiththeknowledge,skills,valuesandattitudestoactforourplanet,”thereportconcluded.

AaronBenavot,professorofeducationpolicyandleadershipattheUniversityatAlbany,StateUniversityofNewYork,andoneofthereport’sco-authors,warnsthatmeasurementremainsdifficult.“Moreandmorecountriesareembeddingintotheirnationalcurriculaatopiclikeenvironmentalstudiesorecology,”hesays.“But,becauseclimateeducationisnotaseparatesubject,it’sdifficulttoknowhowmuchtimeandpriorityitisgiven.”查看材料21.【閱讀理解PartA】Inparagraph1,theweatherinTexasismentionedtoA.forecastapolicyshiftinTexasschools.B.stresstheconsequencesofclimatechange.C.indicatetheatmosphereattheboardmeeting.D.drawthepublic’sattentiontoenergyshortages.正確答案：C查看材料22.【閱讀理解PartA】WhatdoesQuinnthinkofHardy?A.Sheexaggeratestheexistingpanic.B.Shedeniesthevalueofscientificwork.C.Sheshowsnoconcernforpre-teens.D.Sheexpressesself-contradictoryviews.正確答案：B查看材料23.【閱讀理解PartA】ThestudymentionedinParagraph5showsthatA.climateeducationisinsufficientatstatepublicschools.B.policymakershavelittledriveforscienceeducation.C.Texasisreluctanttorewriteitssciencetextbooks.D.environmentalteachinginsomestateslackssupervision.正確答案：A查看材料24.【閱讀理解PartA】AccordingtoBranch,state-levelsciencestandardsintheUSA.callforregularrevision.B.requireurgentapplication.C.havelimitedinfluence.D.catertolocalneeds.正確答案：C查看材料25.【閱讀理解PartA】ItisimpliedinthelastparagraphthatclimatechangeteachinginsomeschoolsA.agreetomajorpublicdemands.B.reflectsteachers’personalbias.C.maymisrepresenttheenergysector.D.canbeswayedbyexternalforces.正確答案：D材料題根據(jù)以下材料，回答26-30題。

CommunitiesthroughoutNewEnglandhavebeenattemptingtoregulateshort-termrentalssincesiteslikeAirbnbtookoffinthe2010s.Nowwithrecord-highhomepricesandhistoricallylowinventory,there’sanincreasedurgencyinsuchregulation,particularlyamongthosewhoworrythatdeveloperswillcomeinandbuyupswathsofhousingtoflipforafortuneontheshort-termrentalmarket.

InNewHampshire,wheretherentalvacancyratehasdroppedbelow1percent,housingadvocatesfearuncheckedshort-termrentalswillputfurtherpressureonanalreadystrainedmarket.TheStateLegislaturerecentlyvotedagainstabillthatwould’vemadeitillegalfortownstocreatelegislationrestrictingshort-termrentals.

“Weareatacrisislevelonthesupplyofrentalhousing,”saidNickTaylor,executivedirectoroftheWorkforceHousingCoalitionoftheGreaterSeacoast.WithoutenoughaffordablehousinginsouthernNewHampshiretowns,“employersarehavingahardtimeattractingemployees,andworkersarehavingahardtimefindingaplacetolive,”Taylorsaid.

However,short-termrentalsalsoprovidehousingfortourists,pointedoutRyanCastle,CEOofalocalassociationofrealter.“Alotofworkersareservicingthetouristindustry,andthetourismindustryisservicedbythosepeoplecominginshortterm,”Castlesaid,“andsoit’sacyclicaleffect.”

Short-termrentalsthemselvesarenotthecruxoftheissue,saidKerenHorn,anexpertonaffordablehousingpolicy.“Ithinkindividualsbeingabletorentouttheirsecondhomeisagoodthing.Ifit’stheirvacationhomeanyway,andit’sjustempty,whycan’tyoumakemoneyoffit?”Hornsaid.Issuesarise,however,whendevelopersattempttocreatelarge-scaleshort-termrentalfacilities—defactohotels—tobypasstaxesandregulations.“Ithinkthequestionis,shouldn’tadeveloperwho’sreallybuildingahotel,butdisguisingitasnotahotel,betreatedandtaxedandregulatedlikeahotel?”Hornsaid.

Attheendof2018,governorCharlieBakerofMassachusettssignedabilltoreininthosepotentialinvestor-buyers.Thebillrequireseveryrentalhosttoregisterwiththestatemandatestheycarryinsurance,andopensthepotentialforlocaltaxesontopofanewstatelevy.Bostontookthingsevenfurther,requiringrenterstoregisterwiththecity’sInspectionalServicesDepartment.

Hornsaidsimilarregistrationrequirementscouldbenefitstrugglingcitiesandtowns,but“ifwewanttomakeachangeinthehousingmarket,themainoneiswehavetobuildalotmore.”查看材料26.【閱讀理解PartA】WhichofthefollowingistrueofNewEngland?A.Itshousingsupplyisataverylowlevel.B.Itscommunitiesareinneedoffunding.C.Itsrentalvacancyrateisgoingupslowly.D.Itshomepricesareunderstrictcontrol.正確答案：A查看材料27.【閱讀理解PartA】ThebillmentionedinParagraph2wasintendedtoA.curbshort-termrentalspeculation.B.ensurethesupplyofcheaphousing.C.punishillegaldealingsinhousing.D.allowafreeshort-termrentalmarket.正確答案：D查看材料28.【閱讀理解PartA】ComparedwithCastle,TaylorismorelikelytosupportA.furtherinvestmentinlocaltourism.B.anincreaseinaffordablehousing.C.strictmanagementofrealestateagents.D.afavorablepolicyforshort-termworkers.正確答案：B查看材料29.【閱讀理解PartA】WhatdoesHornemphasizeinParagraph5?A.Theurgencytoupgradeshort-termrentalfacilities.B.Theefficientoperationofthelocalhousingmarket.C.Thenecessitytostopdevelopersfromevadingtaxes.D.Theproperproceduresforrentingoutsparehouses.正確答案：C查看材料30.【閱讀理解PartA】HornholdsthatimposingregistrationrequirementsisA.anirrationaldecision.B.anunfeasibleproposal.C.anunnecessarymeasure.D.aninadequatesolution.正確答案：D材料題根據(jù)以下材料，回答31-35題。

Ifyou’reheadingforyournearestbranchofWaterstones,thebiggestbookretailerintheUK,insearchoftheDuchessofSussex’snewchildren’sbookTheBench,youmighthavetobepreparedtohuntaroundabit,thesamemaybetrueofThePresident’sDaughter,thenewthrillerbyBillClintonandJamesPatterson.BothofthesebooksarepublishednextweekbyPenguinRandomHouse(PRH),acompanycurrentlyinvolvedinastand-offwithWaterstones.

Theproblembeganlatelastyear,whenPRHconfirmedthatithadintroducedacreditlimitwithWaterstones“ataverysignificantlevel”.ThetrademagazineTheBooksellerreportedthatWaterstonesbranchmanagerswerebeingtoldtoremovePRHbooksfromprominentareassuchastables,displayspacesandwindows,andwere“quietlyretiringthemtotheirrelevantsections”.

PRHdeclinedtocommentontheissue,butaspokespersonforWaterstonestoldme:“WaterstonesarecurrentlyoperatingwithreducedcredittermsfromPRH,theonlypublisherintheUKtoplaceanylimitationsonourabilitytotrade.WearenotboycottingPRHtitlesbutwearedoingourutmosttoensurethatavailabilityforcustomersremainsgooddespitetheloweroveralllevelsofstock.Wearehopefulwithourshopsnowopenagainthatnormalitywillreturnandthatwewillbeallowedtobuyappropriately.Certainly,ourshopsareexceptionallybusy.ThesalesforourMayBooksoftheMonthsurpassedanymonthsince2018.”

Inthemeantime,PRHauthorshavebeenthelosers.Big-namePRHauthorsmaysufferabit,butit’sthosemid-listauthors,whonormallyrelyonWaterstonesstaff’spassionforpromotingbooksbylesser-knownwriters,whowillbeprayingforanendtothedispute.

ItcomesatatimewhenauthorsarealreadyworriedabouttheconsequencesoftheproposedmergerbetweenPRHandanotherbigpublisher,Simon&Schuster—thereductioninthenumberofunalignedUKpublishersislikelytoleadtofewerbiddingwars,loweradvances,andmoreconformityintermsofwhatispublished.

“Thisisallpartofawiderchangetowardsconcentrationofpower,”saysliteraryagentAndrewLownie.“Thepublishingindustrytalksaboutdiversityintermsofauthorsandstaffbutitalsoneedsapluralityofwaysofdeliveringintellectualcontact,choiceanddifferentvoices.Afterall,manyofthemostinterestingbooksinrecentyearshavecomefromsmallpublishers.”

Weshallseewhetherthatpluralityisacasualtyofthecurrentneedamongpublisherstobebigenoughtotakeonall-comers.查看材料31.【閱讀理解PartA】TheauthormentionstwobooksinParagraph1topresentA.anongoingconflict.B.anintellectualconcept.C.aprevailingsentiment.D.aliteraryphenomenon.正確答案：A查看材料32.【閱讀理解PartA】WhydidWaterstonesshopsretirePRHbookstotheirrelevantsections?A.Tomakethemeasilynoticeable.B.TocomplywithPRH’srequirement.C.TorespondtoPRH’sbusinessmove.D.Toarrangetheminasystematicway.正確答案：C查看材料33.【閱讀理解PartA】WhatmessagedoesthespokespersonforWaterstonesseemtoconvey?A.Theircustomersremainloyal.B.Thecreditlimitwillberemoved.C.Theirstockisunderestimated.D.Thebookmarketisratherslack.正確答案：B查看材料34.【閱讀理解PartA】Whatcanbeoneconsequenceofthecurrentdispute?A.Salesofbooksbymid-listPRHwritersfalloffconsiderably.B.Lesser-knownPRHwritersbecomethetargetofcriticism.C.Waterstonesstaffhesitatetopromotebig-nameauthors’books.D.Waterstonesbranchessufferaseverereductioninrevenue.正確答案：A查看材料35.【閱讀理解PartA】WhichofthefollowingstatementsbestrepresentsLownie’sview?A.Smallpublishersoughttosticktogether.B.Bigpublisherswilllosetheirdominance.C.Thepublishingindustryishavingahardtime.D.Themergerofpublishersisaworryingtrend.正確答案：C材料題根據(jù)以下材料，回答36-40題。

Scientificpapersaretherecordkeepersofprogressinresearch.Eachyearresearcherspublishmillionsofpapersinmorethan30,000journals.Thescientificcommunitymeasuresthequalityofthosepapersinanumberofways,includingtheperceivedqualityofthejournal(asreflectedbythetitle’simpactfactor)andthenumberofcitationsaspecificpaperaccumulates.Thecareersofscientistsandthereputationoftheirinstitutionsdependonthenumberandprestigeofthepaperstheyproduce,butevenmoresoonthecitationsattractedbythesepapers.

Citationcartels,wherejournals,authors,andinstitutionsconspiretoinflatecitationnumbers,haveexistedforalongtime.In2016,researchersdevelopedanalgorithmtorecognizesuspiciouscitationpatterns,includinggroupsofauthorsthatdisproportionatelyciteoneanotherandgroupsofjournalsthatciteeachotherfrequentlytoincreasetheimpactfactorsoftheirpublications.Recently,anotherexpressionofthispredatorybehaviorhasemerged:so-calledsupportserviceconsultanciesthatprovidelanguageandothereditorialsupporttoindividualauthorsandtojournalssometimesadvisecontributorstoaddanumberofcitationstotheirarticles.

Theadventofelectronicpublishingandauthors’needtofindoutletsfortheirpapersresultedinthousandsofnewjournals.Thebirthofpredatoryjournalswasn’tfarbehind.Thesejournalscanactasmilkcowswhereeverysinglearticleinanissuemayciteaspecificpaperoraseriesofpapers.Insomeinstances,thereisabsolutelynorelationshipbetweenthecontentofthearticleandthecitations.Thepeculiarpartisthatthejournalthattheeditorissupposedlyworkingforisnotprofitingatall—itisjustprovidingcitationstootherjournals.Suchpracticescanleadanarticletoaccruemorethan150citationsinthesameyearthatitwaspublished.

Howinsidiousisthistypeofcitationmanipulation?Inoneexample,anindividual—actingasauthor,editor,andconsultant—wasabletouseatleast15journalsascitationproviderstoarticlespublishedbyfivescientistsatthreeuniversities.TheproblemisrampantinScopus,acitationdatabase,whichincludesahighnumberofthenew“international”journals.Infact,alistinginScopusseemstobeacriteriontobetargetedinthistypeofcitationmanipulation.

Scopusitselfhasallthedatanecessarytodetectthismalpractice.Redflagsincludealargenumberofcitationstoanarticlewithinthefirstyear.Andforauthorswhowishtosteerclearofcitationcartelactivities:whenaneditorareviewer,orasupportserviceasksyoutoaddinappropriatereferences,donotobligeanddoreporttherequesttothejournal.查看材料36.【閱讀理解PartA】AccordingtoParagraph1,thecareersofscientistscanbedetermined

byA.howmanycitationstheirworkscontain.B.howmanytimestheirpapersarecited.C.theprestigeofthepeopletheyworkwith.D.thestatustheyhaveinscientificcircles.正確答案：B查看材料37.【閱讀理解PartA】ThesupportserviceconsultanciestendtoA.recommendjournalstotheirclients.B.listcitationpatternstheirclients.C.askauthorstoincludeextracitations.D.advisecontributorstociteeachother.正確答案：C查看材料38.【閱讀理解PartA】TheFunctionofthe“milkcow”journalsistoA.boostcitationcountsforcertainauthors.B.helpscholarspublisharticlesatlowcost.C.instructFirst-timecontributorsincitation.D.increasethereadershipofnewjournals.正確答案：A查看材料39.【閱讀理解PartA】WhatcanbelearnedaboutScopusfromthelasttwoparagraphs?A.ItFosterscompetitionamongcitationproviders.B.Ithasthecapabilitytoidentifysuspiciouscitations.C.Ithindersthegrowthof“international”journals.D.Itestablishedtopreventcitationmanipulation.正確答案：B查看材料40.【閱讀理解PartA】Whatshouldanauthordotodealwithcitationmanipulators?A.Takelegalaction.B.Demandanapology.C.Seekprofessionaladvice.D.Revealtheirmisconduct.正確答案：D材料題根據(jù)以下材料，回答41-45題。

Directions:Thefollowingparagraphsaregiveninawrongorder.Forquestions41-45,youarerequiredtoreorganizetheseparagraphsintoacoherenttextbychoosingfromthelistA-Handfillingthemintothenumberedboxes.ParagraphsA,EandHhavebeencorrectlyplaced.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)

[A]Lastyearmarkedthe150thanniversaryofaseriesofYellowstonephotographsbytherenownedlandscapephotographerWilliamHenryJackson.Jacksonsnappedthe1st-evershotsoficoniclandmarkssuchastheTetons,OldFaithfulandtheColoradoRockies.Onalate19th-centuryexpeditionthroughtheYellowstoneBasinthatwasconductedbytheheadoftheU.S.GeologicalandGeographicalSurveyoftheTerritories,FerdinandV.Hayden.Theteamincludedameteorologist,azoologist,amineralogist,andanagriculturalstatistician.

[B]Twocenturiesago,theideaofpreservingnature,ratherthanexploitingit,wasanovelonetomanyU.S.settlers.Oneoftheturningpointsinpublicsupportforlandconservationefforts—andrecognizingthemagnificenceoftheYellowstoneregioninparticular—cameintheformofvividphotographs.

[C]AsaneffectiveWashingtonoperator,Haydensensedthathecouldcapitalizeontheexpedition’sstunningvisuals.HeaskedJacksontoprintoutlargecopiesanddistributedthem,alongwithreproductionsofMoran’spaintings,toeachmemberofCongress.“Thevisualization,particularlythosephotographs,reallyhithomethatthisissomethingthathastobeprotected,”saysMurphy.

[D]Throughoutthetrip,Jacksonjuggledmultiplecamerasandplatesizesusingthe“collodionprocess”thatrequiredhimtocoattheplateswithachemicalmixture,thenexposethemanddeveloptheresultingimageswithaportabledarkroom.Thecrudetechniquerequirededucatedguessesonexposuretimes,andinvolvedheavy,awkwardequipment—severalmenhadtoassistinitstransportation.Despitethesechallenges,Jacksoncaptureddozensofstrikingphotos,rangingfrommajesticimageslikehisnow-famoussnapshotofOldFaithful,tocasualportraitsofexpeditionmembersatthecamp.Whileveteransofpreviousexpeditionswroteatlengthaboutstunningtrailsights,thesevividphotographswereanotherthingentirely.

[E]ThejourneyofficiallybeganinOgden,UtahonJune8,1871.Overnearlyfourmonths,dozensofmenmadetheirwayonhorsebackintoMontanaandtraversedalongtheYellowstoneRiverandaroundYellowstoneLake.Thatfall,theyconcludedthesurveyinFortBridger,Wyoming.

[F]ThoughNativeAmericans(andlaterminersandfurtrappers)hadlongrecognizedthearea’sriches,mostAmericansdidnot.That’swhyHayden’sexpeditionaimedtoproduceafullerunderstandingoftheYellowstoneRiverregion,fromitshotspringsandwaterfallstoitsvarietyoffloraandfauna.Inadditiontotheentourageofscientists,theteamalsoincludedartists:PainterThomasMoranandphotographerWilliamHenryJacksonwerechargedwithcapturingthisastoundingnaturalbeautyandsharingitwiththeworld.

[G]ThebillprovedlargelypopularandsailedthroughCongresswithlargemajoritiesinfavor.Inquicksuccession,theSenateandHousepassedlegislationprotectingYellowstoneinearly1872.ThatMarch,PresidentUlyssesS.GrantsignedanactintolawthatestablishedYellowstoneastheworld’sfirstnationalpark.Somelocalsopposedthedesignation,thedecisionwaslargelyaccepted—andJackson’sphotosplayedakeyroleinthefighttoprotectthearea.“Idon’tbelievethatthelegalprotectionwouldhavehappenedinthetimeframethatitdidwithoutthoseimages,”saysHansen,journalistandauthorofProphetsandMoguls,RangersandRogues,BisonordBears:100yearsofthenationalParkService.

[H]Perhapsmostimportantly,theimagesprovideddocumentaryevidencethatlatermadeitswaytogovernmentofficials.Weeksaftercompletingtheexpedition,Haydencollectedhisteam’sobservationintoanextensiverepaimedatconvincingSenatorsandRepresentatives,alongwithcolleaguesatgovernmentagencylikethedepartmentofInteriorthatYellowstoneoughttobepreserved.

41→A→42→E→43→H→44→45查看材料41.【閱讀理解PartB】第41題A.[B]Twocenturiesago,theideaofpreservingnature,ratherthanexploitingit,wasanovelonetomanyU.S.settlers.Oneoftheturningpointsinpublicsupportforlandconservationefforts—andrecognizingthemagnificenceoftheYellowstoneregioninparticular—cameintheformofvividphotographs.B.[C]AsaneffectiveWashingtonoperator,Haydensensedthathecouldcapitalizeontheexpedition’sstunningvisuals.HeaskedJacksontoprintoutlargecopiesanddistributedthem,alongwithreproductionsofMoran’spaintings,toeachmemberofCongress.“Thevisualization,particularlythosephotographs,reallyhithomethatthisissomethingthathastobeprotected,”saysMurphy.C.[D]Throughoutthetrip,Jacksonjuggledmultiplecamerasandplatesizesusingthe“collodionprocess”thatrequiredhimtocoattheplateswithachemicalmixture,thenexposethemanddeveloptheresultingimageswithaportabledarkroom.Thecrudetechniquerequirededucatedguessesonexposuretimes,andinvolvedheavy,awkwardequipment—severalmenhadtoassistinitstransportation.Despitethesechallenges,Jacksoncaptureddozensofstrikingphotos,rangingfrommajesticimageslikehisnow-famoussnapshotofOldFaithful,tocasualportraitsofexpeditionmembersatthecamp.Whileveteransofpreviousexpeditionswroteatlengthaboutstunningtrailsights,thesevividphotographswereanotherthingentirely.D.[F]ThoughNativeAmericans(andlaterminersandfurtrappers)hadlongrecognizedthearea’sriches,mostAmericansdidnot.That’swhyHayden’sexpeditionaimedtoproduceafullerunderstandingoftheYellowstoneRiverregion,fromitshotspringsandwaterfallstoitsvarietyoffloraandfauna.Inadditiontotheentourageofscientists,theteamalsoincludedartists:PainterThomasMoranandphotographerWilliamHenryJacksonwerechargedwithcapturingthisastoundingnaturalbeautyandsharingitwiththeworld.E.[G]ThebillprovedlargelypopularandsailedthroughCongresswithlargemajoritiesinfavor.Inquicksuccession,theSenateandHousepassedlegislationprotectingYellowstoneinearly1872.ThatMarch,PresidentUlyssesS.GrantsignedanactintolawthatestablishedYellowstoneastheworld’sfirstnationalpark.Somelocalsopposedthedesignation,thedecisionwaslargelyaccepted—andJackson’sphotosplayedakeyroleinthefighttoprotectthearea.“Idon’tbelievethatthelegalprotectionwouldhavehappenedinthetimeframethatitdidwithoutthoseimages,”saysHansen,journalistandauthorofProphetsandMoguls,RangersandRogues,BisonordBears:100yearsofthenationalParkService.正確答案：A知識(shí)點(diǎn)：第3章>第1節(jié)>第一節(jié)排序查看材料42.【閱讀理解PartB】第42題A.[B]Twocenturiesago,theideaofpreservingnature,ratherthanexploitingit,wasanovelonetomanyU.S.settlers.Oneoftheturningpointsinpublicsupportforla