函授英語3-教案

PAGEPAGE124教案課程名稱函授英語3授課教師袁建偉職稱副教授院（系、部）大學(xué)外語教學(xué)部教研室第三教研室授課對象函授學(xué)員學(xué)年學(xué)期2011年魯東大學(xué)教務(wù)處編寫說明1、每項內(nèi)容都要填寫，“教學(xué)過程”部分要詳細(xì)填寫，空格不夠用時可自行擴充；2、A4紙雙面打印（或手寫）；3、一次課為一個教案，每門課按學(xué)期統(tǒng)一用一個封面左側(cè)裝訂，封面和本說明雙面打?。?、授課類型指：理論課、討論課、實驗或?qū)嵙?xí)課、習(xí)題課等；5、所授課程教案每輪次必須更新?！队⒄Z3》（本科第一冊）教學(xué)大綱課程名稱：英語英文名稱：English課程代碼：課程類別：專業(yè)基礎(chǔ)課相關(guān)課程：開課院系：大學(xué)外語教學(xué)部授課教師：袁建偉每學(xué)期學(xué)時：72學(xué)時一、教學(xué)目的與要求：1、課程簡介成人高等教育英語第一冊充分考慮到成人教育的特點，以成人高教英語教學(xué)大綱為指導(dǎo)，以全面教授語言（語音、語法、詞匯）知識為先導(dǎo)，以培養(yǎng)閱讀能力為主線，全面打牢英語語言基本功。2、課程性質(zhì)該課程是管理類專業(yè)本科生的專業(yè)基礎(chǔ)課、必修課，在人才培養(yǎng)方案中占有非常重要的地位。學(xué)生進行完規(guī)定的課時后應(yīng)能掌握必要的、最為常用的語音、詞匯和語法項目，以及實用的英語語言知識和技能，具備閱讀和翻譯與本專業(yè)有關(guān)的英文資料的初步能力，并為進一步提高英語應(yīng)用能力打下較扎實的基礎(chǔ)。3、教學(xué)目的與要求通過教學(xué)使學(xué)生掌握本學(xué)科的基本知識，即以教授英語的基本語法，詞匯，慣用法為基礎(chǔ)，以提高學(xué)生的聽，說，讀，寫，譯，能力為目的，并通過一定的閱讀，擴大學(xué)生對英語國家的文化，社會，歷史，經(jīng)濟等的了解。4、本課程內(nèi)容提要

本教材第一冊分為8個教學(xué)單元和兩個復(fù)習(xí)測試單元，每一單元又分為精讀，泛讀，快速閱讀及對話。其中，精讀是教學(xué)重點，集中體現(xiàn)該單元的各項要求，包括翻譯和寫作能力的養(yǎng)成。泛讀和快速閱讀旨在通過大量閱讀語言材料，提高學(xué)生的閱讀理解能力。對話則意在通過日常生活情景中常用的口頭交際形式的鍛煉，培養(yǎng)和提高學(xué)生的口語和聽力技能。二、開課專業(yè)及教學(xué)用書1、開課專業(yè)工商管理專業(yè)2、教學(xué)用書山東省成人高等教育規(guī)劃教材《英語》（第二版）主編：李學(xué)珍山東大學(xué)出版社2005年一月版。3、相關(guān)參考書《英語》自學(xué)參考，李學(xué)珍，山東大學(xué)出版社，2005年8月第一版三、各章節(jié)大體授課學(xué)時分配《英語3》教學(xué)時間安排表章次內(nèi)容學(xué)時分配課堂講授第一單元HowtoBeaSuccessfulLanguageLearner8第二單元Families8第三單元FallaciesaboutFood8第四單元PreservingtheEnvironment8第五單元KeeperoftheSpring8第六單元BanksandBanking8第七單元TheFirstFourMinutes8第八單元MarriageInIranandAmerica8復(fù)習(xí)測試一4復(fù)習(xí)測試二4合計72UnitTitleUnit1HowtoBeaSuccessfulLanguageLearnerTeachingTypeTheoreticalteaching/discussion/ExercisesFirstTeachingTimePeriods8TeachingObjectivesStudentswillbeableto:Graspthemainidea(therightwayofbeingasuccessfullanguagelearner)andstructureofthetext(problem-solutionpattern);Appreciatethewritingskillsdemonstratedinthetext(selectionofdetails,quotations,coherence);Masterthekeylanguagepointsandgrammaticalstructuresinthetext;Conductaseriesofreading,listening,speakingandwritingactivitiesrelatedtothethemeoftheunit.KeyandDifficultPoints1.keywords,phrases&usages;2.writingstrategy-thenarrativeskills(selectionofdetails,quotations,coherence)；3.grammarfocus(subjunctivemood;grammaticalstructurefind+sb./sth+adj+todo;has/havebeen+doing)TeachingMeansandMethods1.UsingMulti-mediateachingequipment;2.Questionsandanswers;3.Pairwork;TeachingProcess(includingTeachingApproaches,ProcessDesign,FocusPoints,DetailsandTimeAllotmentetc.)TeachingProcess(includingTeachingApproaches,ProcessDesign,FocusPoints,DetailsandTimeAllotmentetc.)TeachingApproaches:Mainlyapplyingtask-basedapproachandcommunicativeoneTimeallotment:1-2periodPre-reading;While-reading(textstructure&organization;culturalnotes)3-4periodWhile-reading(Textanalysis;languagepoints;grammaticalstructures)5-6periodWhile-reading(languagepoints;grammaticalstructures)7-8periodPost-reading(Theme-relatedLanguageLearningTasks;writingstrategy).SupplementaryExercisesProcessDesign:Pre-readingtasks;While-readingtasks;Post-readingtasksUnit1HowtoBeaSuccessfulLanguageLearner本單元精讀部分主要通過單詞的學(xué)習(xí)和課文的閱讀，使學(xué)生了解英語學(xué)習(xí)的方法，并掌握其中出現(xiàn)的重點詞匯，如：agree,depend,consider,bewillingto,連接詞如conversely,firstofall,therefore,ontheotherhand等，了解這些連接詞匯對連接句子和在段落中的作用，以及一些相關(guān)的語法知識，如時態(tài)，動詞不定式,定語從句。泛讀部分ReadingProvidesNecessarySurvivalSkills則主要通過閱讀本文了解閱讀的技巧?？焖匍喿x部分HowShouldYouBuildupYourVocabulary?重在鍛煉閱讀的速度。請同學(xué)們課后閱讀這2篇文章并做課后練習(xí)題。重點：精度部分單詞及短語的掌握，課文的熟練閱讀及理解，課后題能夠自主完成。難點：理解并記憶語法部分。教學(xué)方法：在線學(xué)習(xí)與教學(xué)輔導(dǎo)相結(jié)合。認(rèn)真記憶，勤于練習(xí)。PartIPre-readingTaskVideoAppreciationThewayoftheDragon—BruceLeeDiscussion1)Howdoyoustarttolearnaforeignlanguage?2)Areyousuccessfulinlearningaforeignlanguage?3)Whatkindoflanguagelearnerareyou?4)Doyouthinkitiseasyordifficultforanadulttolearnasecondoraforeignlanguage?Whyorwhynot?5)Howdosuccessfullanguagelearnerslearnthelanguage?PartIIWhile-readingTasks1.CulturalNotesToStarttheBallRolling（nowtheballisinyourcourt;tostarttheballrolling）美國人非常喜歡運動。凡是在各種運動中出類拔萃的人都成了人們心目中的大明星。這些明星的收入每年可以高達(dá)幾百萬。他們有的從事慈善活動，有的則關(guān)心年輕人的教育，在各方面做出不少貢獻(xiàn)，很受人尊重和敬仰。但是，也有的人不但生活腐敗，而且還有吸毒等犯法行為。嚴(yán)重的甚至被判刑入獄。在所有體育運動中，美國人特別喜愛球類運動。我們已經(jīng)給大家介紹過好幾個和球，也就是ball這個字有關(guān)的習(xí)慣用語，例如：ontheball，就是很機靈，工作做得很好的意思。今天我們再來給大家講解兩個和ball這個字有關(guān)的俗語。第一個我們要給大家介紹的是：nowtheball'sinyourcourt。Nowtheballisinyourcourt從字面上來解釋，它的意思是：現(xiàn)在球在你那邊的場地上了。實際上，這是打網(wǎng)球時用的一句話，也就是你已經(jīng)采取了行動，把球打過了網(wǎng)，到了對方的場地，現(xiàn)在是對方采取行動的時候了。但是，從俗語的角度來說，它的意思并不在于打球。美國的生意人和律師經(jīng)常用這個俗語來告訴對方，他們已經(jīng)提出建議和要求，現(xiàn)在是對方采取行動的時候了。下面我們來舉個例子。這是一個名字叫亨里·希金斯的律師為了布朗先生的離婚案件在和布朗太太的律師打電話：例句-1:"ThisisHenryHigginscallingabouttheBrowndivorcecase.I'msendingyouMr.Brown'soffertopayyourclientathousanddollarsamonthforchildsupport.Nowtheball'sinyourcourt:letmeknowwhetherMrs.Brownagreestothisamount."他說：“我是亨里·希金斯。我是為了布朗的離婚案件給你打電話的。布朗愿意每個月付一千美元的子女扶養(yǎng)費。正式的文本我已經(jīng)寄給你了?，F(xiàn)在是你們做決定的時候了。布朗太太是不是同意，請你在做出決定后告訴我。”美國有兩個主要的政黨：共和黨和民主黨。每一個法案，不管是總統(tǒng)提出的，或是由國會議員提出的，都要通過兩黨議員投票來決定是否能成為正式的法律。因此，在投票前兩黨進行協(xié)商，互相做出妥協(xié)和讓步是經(jīng)常的事。下面我們要舉的例子就是一個國會議員為了農(nóng)業(yè)部的預(yù)算在和對立黨的一個成員進行談判。這位議員說：例句-2:"Here'sarevisedbudgetourpeoplearereadytovotefor.It'saboutthebestIcando.Nowtheball'sinyourcourt,myfriend:seewhetheryourpeoplecanagreetoit."他說：“這是一個修改過的預(yù)算，我們準(zhǔn)備投票表示同意。我可已經(jīng)盡了最大努力了。老兄，你們黨內(nèi)成員是否同意現(xiàn)在要看你的了。”下面我們再給大家介紹一個和ball這個字有關(guān)的習(xí)慣用語：tostarttheballrolling。Tostart就是開始，rolling是滾動的意思。Tostarttheballrolling要是從字面來翻譯就是：開始滾這個球。作為習(xí)慣用語，它的意思就是：開始一個活動。我們經(jīng)常說，萬事開頭難。比如說，每當(dāng)逢年過節(jié)的時候，或者有什么事值得慶祝的時候，我們往往會組織一個晚會，或者請幾個朋友到家來吃晚飯。在這種場合，一般在開始的時候氣氛不會很輕松，總得要某個人帶個頭談一些有趣的事，或者說個笑話才能使空氣融洽。下面就是一個例子：例句-3:"Itlookedlikeadullpartywitheverybodyjustsittingthere.ButDickstartedtheballrollingbytellingacoupleoffunnyjokes,andthenJackbroughtouthisguitarandsangsomefolksongs.Peoplestartedsingingalongandwehadagoodtimeafterall."這個人說：“聚會一開始，大家都坐在那里，看起來很沉悶。后來，迪克講了兩個挺滑稽的笑話，總算開了個頭。然后，杰克把他的吉他拿了出來，還唱了幾首民歌。大家也都跟著一起唱。我們玩得很高興。”當(dāng)然，tostarttheballrolling這個習(xí)慣用語也可以用在嚴(yán)肅的場合。下面就是一個例子。這是一個公司的總經(jīng)理把手下各部門的主管都召集來開會。他說:例句-4:"Okay,I'vecalledthismeetingtoseewhatideaswehaveforthenewadcampaign.I'llstarttheballrollingbytellingyouafewideasIalreadyhave."這句話的意思是：“行，我召開這次會議是看看我們對于最近大力做廣告的活動有些什么新的主意。我先來開個頭，把我已經(jīng)想到的幾個想法給大家談一談?！边@句話里用了ad這個字。其實，這個字是個縮略字，它的原形是：advertisement。Advertisement就是廣告的意思。今天我們給大家介紹了兩個和球這個字，也就是ball這個字有關(guān)的習(xí)慣用語。第一個是：nowtheballisinyourcourt。Nowtheballisinyourcourt作為俗語的意思是：現(xiàn)在該是你采取行動的時候了。我們講的第二個俗語是：tostarttheballrolling。Tostarttheballrolling是開始一個行動。2.StructureScanningScanTextandfindoutallthecohesion/connectingwordsorphrases.Even,and,conversely,but,firstofall,therefore,finally,ontheotherhandOrganizationPartsParagraphsMainIdeas11-4Learningasecondoraforeignlanguageisdifficultforadults.25-8Successfullanguagelearnersaresimilarinmanyways.39Whatmakesyouasuccessfullanguagelearner.3.Text（1）HowtoBeaSuccessfulLanguageLearner?“Learningalanguageiseasy.Evenachildcandoit!”Mostadultswhoarelearningasecondoraforeignlanguagewoulddisagreewiththisstatement.Forthem,learningalanguageisaverydifficulttask.Theyneedhundredsofhoursofstudyandpractice,andeventhiswillnotguaranteesuccessforeveryadultlanguagelearner.Languagelearningisdifferentfromotherkindsoflearning.Somepeoplewhoareveryintelligentandsuccessfulintheirfieldsfinditdifficulttosucceedinlanguagelearning.Conversely,somepeoplewhoaresuccessfullanguagelearnersfinditdifficulttosucceedinotherfields.Languageteachersoftenofferadvicetolanguagelearners:“Readasmuchasyoucaninthenewlanguage.”“Practicespeakingthelanguageeveryday.”“Livewithpeoplewhospeakthelanguage.”“Don’ttranslatetrytothinkinthenewlanguage.”“Learnasachildwouldlearn;playwiththelanguage.”Butwhatdoesasuccessfullanguagelearnerdo?Languagelearningresearchshowsthatsuccessfullanguagelearnersaresimilarinmanyways.Firstofall,successfullanguagelearnersareindependentlearners.Theydonotdependonthebookortheteacher;theydiscovertheirownwaytolearnthelanguage.Insteadofwaitingfortheteachertoexplain,theytrytofindthepatternsandtherulesforthemselves.Theyaregoodguesserswholookforcluesandformtheirownconclusions.Whentheyguesswrong,theyguessagain.Theytrytolearnfromtheirmistakes.Successfullanguagelearningisactivelearning.Therefore,successfullearnersdonotwaitforachancetousethelanguage;theylookforsuchachance.Theyfindpeoplewhospeakthelanguageandtheyaskthesepeopletocorrectthemwhentheymakeamistake.Theywilltryanythingtocommunicate.Theyarenotafraidtorepeatwhattheyhearortosaystrangethings;theyarewillingtomakemistakesandtryagain.Whencommunicationsaredifficult,theycanacceptinformationthatisinexactorincomplete.Itismoreimportantforthemtolearntothinkinthelanguagethantoknowthemeaningofeveryword.Finally,successfullanguagelearnersarelearnerswithapurpose.Theywanttolearnthelanguagebecausetheyareinterestedinthelanguageandthepeoplewhospeakit.Itisnecessaryforthemtolearnthelanguageinordertocommunicatewiththesepeopleandtolearnfromthem.Theyfinditeasytopracticeusingthelanguageregularlybecausetheywanttolearnwithit.Whatkindoflanguagelearnerareyou?Ifyouareasuccessfullanguagelearner,youhaveprobablybeenlearningindependently,actively,andpurposefully.Ontheotherhand,ifyourlanguagelearninghasbeenlessthansuccessful,youmightdowelltotrysomeofthetechniquesoutlinedabove.4.LanguagePoints（1）wordsandexpressions重點詞:disagree;guarantee;intelligent;depend;consideragreevi/vt.~vi同意，贊成，達(dá)成一致Iaskedhimtocomewithmeandheagreed.我請他和我一道來，他同意了。~vt同意做……;同意（某觀點、意見等）Heagreedtogetsomeonetohelpyou.他同意找人來幫你（們）的忙。successfuladj.ofachievingdesiredresults成功的adultn./adj.(apersonoranimalthatis)growntofullsizeandstrength成年人（的），發(fā)育成熟（的）guaranteevt.undertaketobelegallyresponsiblefor(sth./doingsth.)保證，擔(dān)保，保修intelligentadj.bright,clever,wise聰明的，明智的similaradj.likeoralike相似的，類似的；與…相似的（to）independentadj.notneedingotherthingsorpeople獨立的，自主的communicatevi.toshareorexchangeopinions,news,information,etc通信，交流，交際vt.tomake(news,opinions,feelings,etc)known傳達(dá)，傳播communicationn.theexchangeofinformation,newideas,oropinion;thevariouswaysoftravelling,movinggoodsandpeople,andsendinginformation,betweentwoplacesorinanarea通信，交流；傳達(dá)；[pl.]通信聯(lián)系，交通工具purposen.anintentionorplan;use目的，意圖；用途regularlyadv.happeningoftenwiththesamelengthoftimebetweentheoccasions經(jīng)常地，定期地dependvi.becontrolledordeterminedby；relyon；needorrequireforfinancialorothersupport依賴；依靠；在于(to)dependon(prep.)依靠，依賴；依…而定Youcanneverdependonhisarrivingontime.你永遠(yuǎn)都不要指望他準(zhǔn)時到達(dá)。(to)bewillingto(do)愿意，樂意Areyouwillingtoacceptresponsibility?你樂意承擔(dān)責(zé)任嗎？(to)beinterestedin(prep)對…感興趣I’dbeveryinterestedinknowingmoreabouttheservicesyourfirmoffers.我很有興趣更多地了解貴公司提供的服務(wù)項目。ontheotherhand另一方面OntheonehandI’dlikeajobwhichpaysmore,butontheotherhandIenjoytheworkI’mdoingatthemoment.一方面我想找一份薪水更高的工作，另一方面我有喜歡現(xiàn)在的工作。16．considerv1)考慮Healwaysconsideredcarefullybeforeheacted.他總是三思而后行。2）認(rèn)為，把……看作Heisgreatlyconsideredbyhiscolleagues.他深受同事們的尊重。重點詞組：1.agreeabout/(up)on(prep.);2.agreewith(prep.);3.depend(up)on(prep.);4.consider…as1.agreeabout/(up)on(prep.)1)(在……方面)觀點/意見一致、相同Iagreewithyouaboutthis.對于這件事，我跟你意見一致。2）定下（某事或做某事）They’veagreedonEuropefortheirholidaynextyear.他們已決定明年到歐洲去度假。agreeto(prep)接受；批準(zhǔn)Doyouagreetomyplan?你接受我的計劃嗎？Thecommitteehasagreedtoyourrequest.該委員會已批準(zhǔn)你的請求。2.agreewith(prep.)(和……)觀點、意見一致；接受、同意（觀點意見等）Iagreewithyourmother;it’sfoolishtogoswimmingatthistimeoftheyear.我同意你母親的看法，這個時候去游泳確實可笑。3.depend(up)on(prep.)1）依靠，依賴Thetowndependsalmostsolelyonthetouristtrade.這個城鎮(zhèn)幾乎全靠旅游業(yè)來維持。2）信賴，指望Theyknowthatheisamantobedependedon.他們知道他是個靠得住的人。3）取決于……;決定于……Tomorrow’ssuccessdependsontoday’spreparation.明天能否成功取決于今天準(zhǔn)備得是否充分。4.consider…as(prep.)認(rèn)為Iconsideredhimasafool.我認(rèn)為他是個傻瓜。（2）NotesMostadultswhoarelearningasecondoraforeignlanguagewoulddisagreewiththisstatement.大多數(shù)學(xué)習(xí)第二語言或外語的成年人都不會同意這一說法。1)請看下面的文字，了解一下secondlanguage和foreignlanguage這兩個術(shù)語的區(qū)別。Adistinctionisoftenmadebetweensecondandforeignlanguage.Briefly,asecondlanguagehassocialfunctionswithinthecommunitywhereitislearnt(e.g.asalinguafrancaorasthelanguageofanothersocialgroup),whereasaforeignlanguageislearntprimarilyforcontactoutsideone’sowncommunity.Consequently,thereisthedistinctionbetweensecondandforeignlanguagelearning.Thetermsecondlanguagelearningindicatesthatthelanguagehascommunicativefunctionsinsidethecommunitywherethelearnerlives.Bycontrast,foreignlanguagelearningmeansthatthelanguagehasnoestablishedfunctionsinsidethelearner’scommunitybutwillbeusedmainlyforcommunicatingwithoutsiders.2)本句中,would為情態(tài)動詞，表示“可能”，“（將）會”。Nomatterwhathappened,hewouldnotsayaword!不管發(fā)生什么，他都不會說一個字！Hewouldneverenterthishatefulhouseagain.他決不會再進這所令人討厭的房子。Theyneedhundredsofhoursofstudyandpractice,andeventhiswillnotguaranteesuccess….1)在英語里，ten(十)，twenty(二十)，hundred(百),thousand(千)，million(百萬),billion(十億)這樣一些數(shù)詞，通常有兩種用法：(a)若其前面有其他數(shù)詞，用其單數(shù)形式，表示一個確定的量，其后不用of結(jié)構(gòu)。Thereareover10thousandstudentsinthisuniversity.這所大學(xué)有一萬多學(xué)生。Themachinecostsseveralthousanddollars.買這部機器要花好幾千美元。(b)在其他情況下，即其前沒有其他數(shù)詞時，則用其復(fù)數(shù)形式，其后加of結(jié)構(gòu)，表示一個不確定的數(shù)量。I’veseenthathundredsoftimes.那個東西我見過上千次了。Thegovernmentofthatcountryspentmillionsofdollarsonweapons.那個國家的政府花了上千萬美元購買武器。這類詞有時可以連用，表示數(shù)量之大。Youcanseethousandsandthousandsofstarsinthenightsky.夜空中可以看到成千上萬顆星星。2）在一句話中，even和動詞用在一起表示某行為令人驚奇或吃驚，也可用于其他成分表示特別強調(diào)。Sheeventoldtheownertogooutofthehouse.她竟然要房主離開房子。Ihaven’tevenheardofhimforayear.我竟然有一年沒有他的消息了。Anybodycandothis.Evenachildcoulddoit.這誰都做得了，即使是小孩也行。EvenIhaven’theardofhimforayear.即使是我也有一年沒有他的消息了。You’vegottoworkeveryday,evenonSunday.你每天都得上班，即使是星期天也不例外。Somepeople…finditdifficulttosucceedinlanguagelearning.本句中的it是先行賓語，真正的賓語是動詞不定式短語tosucceedinlanguagelearning。本句句型是SVOC。此類句型，若賓語（O）是不定式短語、-ing分詞短語或that-分句，通常用先行it表示，放在動詞（V）之后，而將真正的賓語置于補語（C）之后。這樣做的目的在于保持句子結(jié)構(gòu)的平衡。Wefinditourdutytostudyandworkhardforourcountry.我們認(rèn)為，為了國家努力學(xué)習(xí)和工作是我們的職責(zé)。Wefoundituselesstryingtopersuadehimtogowithus.我們發(fā)現(xiàn)，要說服他和我們一起去毫無用處。Wethinkithighlyprobablethathewillcometomorrow.我們認(rèn)為，他明天非?？赡軙怼３稳菰~以外，可以充當(dāng)賓語補足語的成分還有不定式、分詞和名詞。ThedoctoradvisedMarytohavemoreexercise.醫(yī)生建議瑪麗多鍛煉。Isawhergoingoutwithherparents.我看見她和她父母一起出去了。Theymadehimcaptainoftheship.他們讓他當(dāng)上了船長。Languageteachersoftenofferadvicetolanguagelearners….本句中的advice屬于不可數(shù)名詞，其復(fù)數(shù)形式與單數(shù)形式相同，無須加s；這和漢語中數(shù)的概念有相通之處，即此類名詞若要表示“數(shù)”的概念，要像漢語一樣使用一個量詞，如apieceofnews,apieceofinformation,apieceoffurniture,apieceof/sheetofpaper等。Practicespeakingthelanguageeveryday.每天練習(xí)講這種語言。Practice在美國英語中既可以做動詞，也可以做名詞；而在英國英語中，practice是名詞，動詞則是practise.Practice做及物動詞時，其賓語可以用名詞或代詞，也可以用動名詞，但不可用動詞不定式。此類動詞還有一些，如enjoy,finish,cannothelp,risk,suggest等。I’msurethey’llenjoylisteningtomodernmusic.我肯定你會喜歡聽現(xiàn)代音樂。Ifinishedreadingit.我已經(jīng)讀完了（它了）。Hecouldn’thelplaughing.他禁不住大笑起來。Icouldn’triskmissingthattrain.我不能冒誤火車的風(fēng)險。Fathersuggestedgoingbybus.父親建議乘公共汽車去。Learnasachildwouldlearn….像少兒那樣學(xué)習(xí)。本句中的as是連詞，表示“以…方式”。DoinRomeastheRomansdo.入國問禁，入鄉(xiāng)隨俗。Treatothersasyouwishthemtotreatyou.己所不欲，勿施于人。Would可用于表示過去慣常的或特征性的行為。Hewouldalwaysturnandwaveattheendofthestreet.他總是走到街的盡頭才轉(zhuǎn)過身來招招手。Whenwewereyoungwewouldhelpeachotherwithourhomework.我們小時候，總是在做功課時互相幫助。Firstofall,successfullanguagelearnersareindependentlearners.本句中，firstofall是個短語，作語篇標(biāo)記，表示分述，即把若干性質(zhì)相同的事情分別論述或敘述（下文有finally）。Wehavefoundthattherearebehaviorsthattheteachercanusetopromoteopportunitiesfor….First,….Second,….Third,….Severalpointsneedtobemadeaboutthedistinctionbetween….Firstofall,….Second(ly),….Third(ly),….Finally,….Insteadofwaitingfortheteachertoexplain,theytrytofindthepatterns….1)Insteadof兩個詞合在一起構(gòu)成一個復(fù)合介詞，若其后使用動詞，則必須用其-ing形式（動名詞）。Istayedinbedalldayinsteadofgoingtowork.我在床上躺了一整天，沒去上班。Insteadofhavinglunchshewentshopping.她沒去吃午飯，而是去購物了。2）英語動詞wait即可用于waitforsomebody/something(等待某人\物),也可用于waitforsomeone/somethingtodo（等待某人/物做）。在后一結(jié)構(gòu)中，somebody是動詞不定式todo的邏輯主語。I’mwaitingforhimtocome.我在等他來。I’msorryforthedelay,butI’mstillwaitingforthelettertoarrive.對不起，耽誤了，不過我仍然在等那封信。3）trytodosth.的意思是“努力去做…”、“試圖做成一件困難的事情”。PleasetrytounderstandwhatprofessorSmithwilltalkaboutinhislecture.請（大家）努力弄懂史密斯教授在講座講到的問題。ThegirloncetriedtolearnFrench.這女孩曾嘗試學(xué)會法語。Therefore,successfullearnersdonotwaitforachancetousethelanguage;theylookforsuchachance.本句中，“therefore”是副詞，意思是“因此，所以”，用作語篇標(biāo)記。Hehasbrokenhisleg;thereforehecan’twalk.他摔壞了腿，因此不能走路了。英語中的分號表示兩個并列句子成分，不能用逗號來代替，如果用逗號，則需要加and,or,so等連接詞。試比較：TomlearnsJapanese;IlearnEnglish.TomlearnsJapaneseandIlearnEnglish.本句中，waitforachancetousethelanguage和Note8中的waitingfortheteachertoexplain不同。本短語不是在說等待的目的，而是表示等待什么（achance），因此achance和tousethelanguage之間不存在邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系（動詞不定式短語是achance的后置定語）。Theyarenotafraidtorepeatwhattheyhearortosaystrangethings…他們不怕重復(fù)所聽到的東西或者說出奇怪的話來…。在英語里，很多形容詞之后都可以使用to-infinitive（帶to的動詞不定式）。I’mpleasedtoseeyou.很高興見到你。Hewassurprisedtolearnhowmuchshe’dspent.了解到她花的錢數(shù)，他非常吃驚。本結(jié)構(gòu)中的不定式，常被看作是形容詞的賓語。兩個并列的動詞不定式短語torepeatwhattheyhear和tosaystrangethings作afraid的賓語。在前一個動詞不定式短語中，whattheyhear是名詞性從句，充當(dāng)repeat之賓語。此外，名詞性從句作賓語時，其詞序不倒裝，除what在句首外，其他一如陳述句。Theytoldeachotherwhattheyhaddonethedaybefore.他們互相告知對方自己前一天都做了什么。Hedidn’tknowwhathisunclewasdoingthistimeaweekago.他不知道他叔叔一個星期前的這個時候在做什么。Itismoreimportantforthemtolearntothinkinthelanguage…It在句中作形式主語，亦稱先行主語，其真正（實際）的主語是帶有邏輯主語的動詞不定式短語forthemtolearntothinkinthelanguage。（參看Note3）把真正的主語放在句尾，是因為它太長，置于句首則使句子顯得頭重腳輕。類似的例子還有：Itisapleasureforustobeherethisevening.今晚我們很高興能來這里。It’sapityforyoutohavetostayindoorsinthisweather.真可惜，這樣的天氣他們卻不得不待在家里。Ittooksixweeksforthetravelerstoreachthecoast.這些旅行者要六個星期才能到達(dá)沿海?！瓂ouhaveprobablybeenlearningindependently,actively,andpurposefully.Havebeen+-ing是動詞的現(xiàn)在完成進行時形式，表示從過去某時開始一直持續(xù)進行到現(xiàn)在的行為。Wehavebeenlivingherefortenyears.十年來我們一直在此居住。Theyhavebeenwideningtheroad.他們一直在拓寬這條道路。I’vejustbeenwavinggood-byetothem.我只是在和他揮手告別?！璱fyourlanguagelearninghasbeenlessthansuccessful,youmightdowelltotry….If從句為條件狀語從句，表示“如果…就”或“假設(shè)…就”之意。Ifyoutooksomeexercises,youmightnotbesofat.你如果鍛煉鍛煉，也許就不會這么胖了。Ifyoudon’tfeelwell,pleaseletmeknow.你如果覺得不舒服，請告訴我。Lessthan可看成一個詞組，修飾successful，譯為“不太”或“不怎么”。Wewerebusyandlessthandelightedtohavecompanythatday.那天我們很忙，因此不大喜歡有其他人在場。Theboyswerelessthanhappyabouthavingaparty.男孩子們不怎么喜歡搞聚會。Might和may都常用于表示“可能”，即事物將要或正在發(fā)生的機會；但might與may相比，前者所表示的可能概率要小些。試比較：Wemaygoclimbingnextsummer.明年夏天我們有可能去爬山。“Imightgetajobsoon.”–“Yes,andpigsmightfly.”“我也許能很快找到一份工作?！薄笆?，沒有什么事不可能。”Dowell意為“（如何做）是聰明的/有利的”。Youwoulddowelltogetoutofhere.你最好還是離開這里。Youwoulddowelltotakeyourdoctor’sadvice.你還是遵照醫(yī)囑為好。Youwoulddowelltotaketheoffer.你最好還是接受這個報價。Ididwelltolistentomyfather’sadvice.我還是聽從父親的勸告為妙。（3）RevisionLanguagelearningisdifferentfromotherkindsoflearning.Formostadults,itisaverydifficulttask.Butwhatdoesasuccessfullanguagelearnerdo?Firstofall,successfullanguagelearnersareindependentlearners.Second,successfullanguagelearningisactivelearning.Finally,successfullanguagelearnersarelearnerswithapurpose.Therefore,ifyouareasuccessfullanguagelearner,youhaveprobablybeenlearningindependently,actively,andpurposefully.PartIIIPostreadingTasks1.GroupdiscussionAfterthese3essaysyouhaveread,haveyouchangedyourselfmoreorlesstowardlanguagelearning?AndwhatkindofapproachesareyougoingtoapplytoyourEnglishstudy?2.KeystotheExercisesI.Choosethecorrectansweraccordingtothepassage.1.Asuccessfullanguagelearnermust_______.D.trytolearnthenewlanguageindependently,actively,andpurposefully2.WhichofthefollowingwouldmostprobablyNOTbeapieceofadviceofferedbyalanguageteacher?A.Neverguessthemeaningofaword.3.Theexpression“playwiththelanguage”inPara.4meansto_______.C.learnthelanguageinamorenaturalway4.AccordingtoPara.7,thinkinginthelanguageismoreimportantthanknowingthemeaningofeverywordofthelanguage,because__________.D.whenthinkinginthelanguage,youareusingthelanguageinanactiveway5.Theword“techniques”inthelastlineofthetextcannotbereplacedby_______.D.reasonsII.Answerthefollowingquestions.III.Fillintheblankswiththewordsorexpressionsgivebelow.Makechangeswherenecessary.Wewalkeddownthestairs_______takingtheelevator.(insteadof)They____whatisgoingonintheartworld.(areinterestedin)Allhumanbeingsaremuchmore________thananimals.(intelligent)Markseemed________toconsidertheidea.((tobe)willing)Timeandtide______noman.(waitfor)Myhouseis__________fromyoursinseveralways.(different)She_______thesametuneonthepianofornearlyanhour.(hasbeenpracticing)Don’tyouknowthatIalways_________whateverItry?(succeedin)Health________goodfood,freshairandenoughsleep.(dependson)Wheatis_______tobarley.(similar)Hewas________totakeevenadrinkofwater.(afraid)Thenewspaperreport__________theaccountontheradio.(disagreewith)IV.TranslatethefollowingintoChinese.1.有些人在自己的專業(yè)領(lǐng)域里非常睿智而成功，卻發(fā)現(xiàn)在語言學(xué)習(xí)上很難有所成就。2.他們盡量自己找出句式和規(guī)則，而不是等著老師來解釋。3.他們不害怕重復(fù)聽到的或者說出奇怪陌生的事情；他們愿意出錯并不斷嘗試。4.對他們而言，學(xué)會用這種語言去思考比知道每一個詞的意思更重要。5.學(xué)會這種語言與這些人交流并向他們學(xué)習(xí)，對他們來說是必要的。V.TranslatethefollowingintoEnglish.1.IoftendisagreewithMarybutwearestillgoodfriends.2.Languagelearningisactivelearning.Therefore,learnersshouldtakeadvantageofallchancestousethelanguage.3.Languagelearningshouldbeactive,independentandpurposeful.4.Languagelearningisdifferentfromlearningothercourses.5.Successfullanguagelearnersshouldbeinterestedinthelanguageandthepeoplewhospeakit.6.Studentsarewillingtoacceptteacher’sadvice.VI.WritingWriteasummaryofthereadingpassageinnolessthan100words.EXTENSIVEREADINGReadingProvidesNecessarySurvivalSkillsP17I.Trueorfalse?(答案：FTTFTFTTFT)1.Readingisgoingtobelessandlessimportantaswecanseepicturesandhearsoundseverywhereinoursociety.2.Ifyouwanttogetagoodjob,goodreadingwillprovideyouwithmoreopportunities.3.Toscanistolookquicklyatthemajorpointswithoutthoroughreading.Thistypeofreadinghelpsyougetthemainideasofthematerialquickly.4.Inreading,youshouldalwayskeepinmindthathastemakeswaste.5.Mostpeopledonotreadfastenough.6.Whilereadingfast,youareinahurryandmaythereforeloseconcentrationonsomeimportantpoints.Thiscancauseproblems.7.Infastreading,yourmindkeepsupwithyourreadingspeedandthuscomprehensionisnotinterrupted.8.Agoodhabitinreadingistopayattentionnotonlytotheprintedwordsbutalsotothecontentsexpressedbythewords.9.Whenyoudon’tknowaword,youcaneitherskipoveritorlookitupinadictionary.10.Eachtimeyoumeetanewword,stopreadingforamomentsothatyoucanhaveanimpressionofthewords.II．MultiplechoicequestionsGoodreadingisnowalifeskill_______.asimportantaseverbeforenotasimportantasusedtomoreimportantthanhaseverbeenlessimportantthaneverbeforeToscanreadingmaterials,youstartwith________.theheadingsthetitlestheheadlinesalltheaboveThetechniqueofscanninghelpsthereaderto______.obtainideasgainspeedgetaquickunderstandingbuildupvocabularyWhentheauthorsays“Theexpression“Hastemakeswaste.”doesnotapplytoreading,”hemeansthatfastreading_______.leadstoboredomensuresgoodconcentrationhurtsthemindmakescarefulreadersVocabularybuildingishelpfultoreading_______.alertlyandcomfortablycarefullyandproductivelyquicklyandeffectivelynaturallyandrewardinglyApersonwithgoodreadinghabits________.skipsovernewwordsandignoresthemstopsatnewwordsandlooksthemupinthedictionarypausesonnewwordsandasksothersnoneoftheaboveFASTREADINGHowShouldYouBuildupYourVocabulary？P20ExerciseTrueorfalse(答案：FTTTFFTTTF)Afastcolorisonethatdisappearsfast.Afastfriendisoneyoucanalwaystrust.Adictionaryonlyliststhemeaningsofaword.Itdoesnottellyouwhichmeaningisintendedinacertaincontext.Fromthecontextwecanknowhowawordisactuallyused.Contextisn’thelpfulinallcases.SherlockHolmesneverformedanytentativeideashefoundoutananswertoaquestion.Thephrase“tocomeupwith”inthistextmeans“tothinkof”,“toproduce”.Lookingatthecontextandlookingforfamiliarwordpartswillgetyoumoreinterestedinthedictionarymeaning.Yourstrongerthanusualinterestwillleadyoutobettermemoryofthenewwordsandtheirmeanings.Themeaningfulpartsofwordsincludeonlytherootsofwords.PartIVCommonlyUsedSayingsToStarttheBallRollingPartVAssignment1.Reviewthelanguagepointsandgrammaticalstructuresinthetext.2.Writeanessayin120wordsorsoaboutHowShouldWeSpendOurSpringFestivalMoreSignificantly?3.Preparethenextunit.UnitTitleUnit2FamiliesTeachingTypeTheoreticalteaching/discussion/ExercisesFirstTeachingTimePeriods8TeachingObjectivesStudentswillbeableto:Graspthemainidea(thebasictypesoffamilies)andstructureofthetext(generalization-particularpattern);Appreciatethewritingskillsdemonstratedinthetextasexpository;Masterthekeylanguagepointsandgrammaticalstructuresinthetext;Conductaseriesofreading,listening,speakingandwritingactivitiesrelatedtothethemeoftheunit.KeyandDifficultPoints1.keywords,phrases&usages;2.writingstrategy(logicalsequence,generalization-particularpattern)；3.grammarfocus(“it”asobject:whenaninfinitivetakesastheobjectofthesentence;plural-formednounsasadjectivesshouldbeintheirsingularforms)TeachingMeansandM