名詞性從句全解及真題練習(xí)

名詞從句全解及真題練習(xí)名詞性從句(基礎(chǔ)篇).名詞性從句連詞：連接詞that,if,whether,asif/asthough,because連接代詞：who,whom,whose,what,which,whoever,whatever,whichever連接副詞：when,where,why,how,howmany/much/long/soon/often,whenever,wherever.主語從句that引導(dǎo)的主語從句，只起連接作用ThatwemustmasterEnglishwordsasmanyaspossibleisveryimportant.wh-引導(dǎo)的主語從句：①連接②承擔(dān)句子成分(主、賓、表、定、狀)Whatyouaredoingisverydifficult.whether/if引導(dǎo)主語從句：whether引導(dǎo)主從既可放句首，也可放句中。但if引導(dǎo)的主從只能放句中，前用it作形式主語Whetheritistrueremainsaquestion.Itisdoubtfulwhetherthemanagerknewthedetailsoftheplan.It+謂語+主語從句it+be+形容詞+that/wh-從句Itiscertainthatyoursonwilldowellinhisexam.it+be+名詞+that/wh-從句Itremainsaquestionwhetheritistrue.it+be+過去分詞+that/wh-從句Ithasnotbeendecidedwhowillperformtheoperation.it+不及物動詞+that/wh-從句IthappenedthatIwasnottherethatday.(注意：1)?3)在表示建議、要求、命令、愿望、義務(wù)、責(zé)任時，從句中的謂語要用should+V原形”)5.主從應(yīng)該注意的問題：1)以下情況，真正主語that引導(dǎo)的從句不可和形式主語相替換Itissaid/reported…結(jié)構(gòu)中的主語從句不可提前。例如：ItissaidthatPresidentJiangwillvisitourschoolnextweek.(ThatPresidentJiangwillvisitourschoolnextweekissaid.x)②Ithappens/occurs…結(jié)構(gòu)中的主語從句不可提前。例如：Itoccurredtohimthathefailedintheexamination.(Thathefailedintheexaminationoccurredtohim.x)③Itdoesn,tmatterhow/whether…結(jié)構(gòu)中的主語從句不可提前。例如：Itdoesn,tmatterwhetherheiswrongornot.含主語從句的復(fù)合句是疑問句時，主語從句不可提前。例如：Isitlikelythatitwillrainintheevening?if引導(dǎo)的主語從句，例如：Doesitmatterifhecan,tfinishthejobontime?2)wh-引導(dǎo)的主語從句既可放句首也可放居末，但是what,whatever,whoever等引導(dǎo)的主從不用it作形式主語。例如：Whoeverwantstoseethefilmmaygetaticket.3)下列兩種情況中常用it作形式主語①主語從句是一個疑問句：Hasisbeendecidedwherewewillperformtheexperiment?②在“Itdoesnotmatter+how,whether,if..「結(jié)構(gòu)中Itdoesnotmattertomewhetherheisgoingthereornot.4)由what引導(dǎo)的主語從句以及謂語動詞單復(fù)數(shù)問題主從中what還可用于強調(diào)。what引導(dǎo)的主語從句一般按單數(shù)對待，但實際用單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)取決于其含義。Whatweneedistime.WhatIdidwastoturnofftheradio.三.賓語從句賓從可以作謂語動詞的賓語、介詞的賓語、還可作非謂語動詞(不定式，動名詞，現(xiàn)在分詞)的賓語。1)作動詞的賓語①that引導(dǎo)賓從在口語和非正式情況下常省略Ibelieve(that)youaretellingthetruth.在demand/insist/suggest…等表決定、要求、建議等動詞之后，that從句常用“(should)+V原形”Themanagersuggestthatweshouldcalloftheplan.需要否定前置的情況：在assume,believe,expect,guess,imagine,suppose,think等表示“認(rèn)為，猜想，估計”的意思時，其后的賓語從句如帶否定意義，通常要否定前置。Idon'tthink(that)hewillsucceed.(Ithinkthathewillnotsucceed.)④此類動詞如主語為第一人稱，變?yōu)榉戳x疑問句時，要看賓從中的謂語動詞。Idon'tbelievesheknowsit,doesshe?Idon'tthinkhewashappy,washe?如果賓從后跟有補語，常用it作形式賓語，而將真正賓語從句放到補語后。Ithinkitimportantthatyoungpeoplemastertwolanguages.在hope,believe,suppose,guess,think,beafraid等動詞后面，可用so代替上面?zhèn)€提到的一個從句。如：--Doyoubelievethatwecangetariseinpay?--Ihopeso.⑦賓從都要用陳述語氣.2)作介詞的賓語介詞后面可以跟whether和wh-引導(dǎo)的從句：Shelaughedatwhatwesaid.②that通常不能跟在介詞后作賓語，但可跟在帶有形式賓語it之后做介詞的真正賓語。Youmaydependonitthathewilljointheclub【注意】在inthat.../exceptthat.../butthat.../besidesthat…結(jié)構(gòu)視為固定搭配。③if和whether在引導(dǎo)賓從時可以互換。但介詞后賓從只能用whether。不可用if。Itisaquestionofwhetherweshouldgo.（不可用if）3）作非謂語動詞的賓語①作不定式的賓語：Itishardtosayhowlongtheoperationwilllast.作動名詞賓語：OnlearningthatMr.Wangwasseriouslyill,thedoctorwenttoseehimatonce.作分詞的賓語：Knowingthatthepatientwasveryweak,thenursesawhimhome.4）作形容詞的賓語某些表感情色彩或表動態(tài)的形容詞和分詞（如：afraid,amazed,annoyed,anxious,aware,certain,confident,conscious,disappointed,doubtful,glad,pleased,sure,surprised等）作表語時，后面可跟一個意義上相當(dāng)于賓語的名詞從句。如：Shewasafraidthatshewouldloseface.Ourfootballteamfeelsproudthatithaswoneverymatchthisyear.5）賓從時態(tài)一致問題：主句為現(xiàn)在時態(tài)，從句時態(tài)可根據(jù)實際情況需要而定。Iknowhelivedinacityfouryearsago.主句用過去范疇內(nèi)的時態(tài)，從句中一定要用過去范疇的時態(tài)。Hesaidhehadseenthefilm.賓從若敘述真理，不受主句時態(tài)影響，沿用一般現(xiàn)在時。Myfathertoldmethatthesunrisesintheeast.6）賓從的連接：①賓從時陳述句時，用that引導(dǎo)賓從是一般疑問句時，用whether,if連接。（句尾標(biāo)點符號取決于主句）Heasksmeif/whetheryouareastudent. Doyouknowifheisastudent?賓從時特殊疑問句時，連接詞=原來的疑問詞。但一定要變成陳述語氣。四.表語從句常用的關(guān)聯(lián)詞同主語從句。此外還可用asif/if來引導(dǎo)。that不能省略。wh-引導(dǎo)的表語從句時，無疑問意義，而是分別表示具體的地點，時間，原因和方式。ThisiswhatIwant.Theirdifficultlyiswheretheycanraiseenoughmoney.asif,asthough,because,as,justas也可引導(dǎo)表從Itlooksasifwewillbelate.4）引導(dǎo)表從可用whether，不用if（注意與asif區(qū)別）。五.同位語從句主句中有些名詞詞義比較抽象，如belief,conclusion,doubt,evidence,fact,hope,idea,possibility,though等，它們往往需要用從句來具體說明這一名詞的實際內(nèi)容或?qū)υ撁~作進(jìn)一步解釋。這些從句叫做同位語從句。Ihadnoideathatyouwerehere.1）引導(dǎo)同位從一般用that,不可省略。2）可以用連接代詞、連接副詞如：who,why,how,whether等引導(dǎo)。Thequestionwhoshoulddothejobrequiresconsideration.3）常后跟同位從的名詞還有：answer,excuse,fear,hope,suggestion,understanding,opinion,news.名詞性從句（提高篇）一.whether和if以下幾種情況中，只能用whether:.強調(diào)兩方面的選擇,特別是句中有ornot時。如:Letmeknowwhetheryoucancomeornot..賓語從句前置時。如：Whetherthisistrue,Ican\'tsay..引導(dǎo)表語、同位語從句時。如：Thequestioniswhetherhecandoit.（表語從句）Thequestionwhetherweshouldgowiththemmustbedecidedatonce.（同位語從句）.在不定式前與不定式一起組成詞組時。如：Whethertogoorstayisstillaquestion..在discuss,decide等動詞后作賓語時。如：Wediscussedwhetherweshouldgotherebyplane.【注意】：whether可引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，是\"不管；無論\"之意：Ishallgo,whetheryoucomewithmeorstayathome.二.that在名從中是否省略.賓從中的that在口語中常省略。但在下列情況中要保留。1）非常規(guī)語序中：a.主句和賓從被插入的狀語或插入語分割開：狀語前置分割:shesaidlastnightthatshedidsomereading.插入語分割:Idon'tdoubt,inanycase,thatwewillwin.b.賓語從句提前時:ThatBobwasfrightened,Ican'tbelieve.2）句子冗長時：a.多個賓從:當(dāng)引導(dǎo)兩個或兩個以上賓語從句時，第二個或第二個一回事那個的賓語從句中的that不可省略。ShesaidLesson2wasimportantandthatsheshouldlearnitwell.（若省略that,后一個從句則可能與上句shesaid并列）b.從句套從句：賓語從句中含有主從復(fù)合句，that要保留。ShepromisedmethatifIworkedhardfromthenon,theywouldbuymeacomputer.3）固定用法中：a.簡短答句時:一Whatdoyouassumefromhisattitude?——Thathewasfrightened.b.使用形式賓語it代替that所引導(dǎo)的賓從時:Ifounditquiteasurprisethateverybodyinthatcityhasacar..引導(dǎo)主語從句的that一般不可省略，但若用it作形式主語時，that可以省略。試比較下面兩句：Thattheearthmovesaroundthesunisknowntoall.Itisknowntoalltheearthmovesaroundthesun..引導(dǎo)表語從句的that一般不省略。Thereasonwhyhestudiedwellisthatheisalwayshardworking..引導(dǎo)同位語從句的that（尤其是說明主語的同位語）不可省略。Thenewsthatourteamhadwonexcitedeveryone.雙重疑問句(復(fù)雜疑問句)(注意與Ithink/Ibelieve，theysay/weexpect插入語區(qū)分)“疑問詞+doyouthink+從句主語+謂語+其余部分”常用來征詢對某一個問題的看法、認(rèn)識、推測、判斷、希望等，常用的動詞的是：think,believe,suppose,imagine,say,hope等。這種雙重問句的主句屬于特殊疑問句型，賓語由賓語從句充當(dāng)，但賓從沒有引導(dǎo)詞。主句的特殊疑問詞在邏輯上應(yīng)該是賓語從句的一部分。如：Whydoyouthinkheisupset?Whodoyouguessletoutthedog?注意:這種雙重疑問句的回答不用Yes或No,而是當(dāng)特殊疑問句來回答。如:—Whomdoyouthinkhewillgoforwalkwith?——HewillgowithMarry.——Whatdoyouthinkheis?——Ithinkheisateacher./Ateacher.四.名詞性從句與whatl.what結(jié)構(gòu)的使用用what引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句在使用和理解上有兩種情況。what用作疑問詞性質(zhì)的連接代詞，相當(dāng)于“什么、什么樣的”Itisnotyetprettywellunderstoodwhatmadetherainforestdisappearyearbyyear.what當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞性質(zhì)的連接代詞用，相當(dāng)于thething(s)that/which或allthat。意為

“所……的，所……的事情”等，具體用法如下:what的含義例句“所…的東西或事情”?They,vedonewhattheycantohelpher.?Hesaveswhatheearns.?WhatMaryisisthesecretary.“所…的人或的樣子”令Heisnolongerwhathewas.令Heiswhatisgenerallycalledatraitor.令WhoisitthathasmadeFredwhatheisnow?“所…的數(shù)量或數(shù)目”O(jiān)urincomeisnowdoublewhatitwastenyearsago.Thenumberofthestudentsinourschoolistentimeswhatitwasbeforeliberation.“所…的時間”/Afterwhatseemedlikehourshecameoutwithabittersmile./Theyounggirlwastoofrightenedtospeak,standingthereforwhatseemedlikehours.“所……的地方”?ThisiswhattheycallSaltLakeCity.?In1492ColumbusreachedwhatisnowcalledAmerica.【注意】：①這樣用的what相當(dāng)于“先行詞+關(guān)系代詞”，所以其前不能有先行詞：正：Youcanhavewhatyoulike./Youcanhaveeverything(that)youlike.誤：Youcanhaveeverythingwhatyoulike.②有時what可用作限定詞，其后修飾一個名詞，表示“allthat…(所有的都)”：IgavehimwhatbooksIhad.我把我所有的書都給他了。Hegavemewhatmoneyhehadabouthim.他把身邊帶有的錢全給了我。③What后的名詞可以是復(fù)數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞，但通常不用單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞：誤:IgavehimwhatbookIhad.（books）④What后接不可數(shù)名詞時，有時可有l(wèi)ittle修飾。注意區(qū)別：what+不可數(shù)名詞二所有的都，whatlittle+不可數(shù)名詞二雖少但全部。如：IspentwhattimeIhadwithher.我所有的時間都是與她一起度過的。IspentwhatlittletimeIhadwithher.我僅有的一點時間都是與她一起度過的。3）whatever引導(dǎo)的從句在使用時也有兩種情況。①引導(dǎo)名詞性從句，相當(dāng)于"anythingthat...”Ishallacceptwhateveryoubuyforme.②引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，相當(dāng)于"nomatterthat...”Whateveryoudo,youmusttryyourbesttodoitwell.2.what引導(dǎo)的一種獨特的名詞性從句1）結(jié)構(gòu)：what引導(dǎo)的插入語+名詞。2）作用：用于表示a）對某事物的看法/態(tài)度b）.不肯定/無把握及不確定的人/物。c）對后面的名詞的解釋或強調(diào)3）常見表達(dá)形式為：①Whatonecall或whatiscalled②Whatsbknowas、whatisknownas、whatisregardedas③Whatseem或appear（tosb）（tobe）④Whatsbthink⑤Whatseem/looklike⑥Whatmightbe/havebeenWhatiscalledatomicenergyisactuallynuclearenergy.HewasborninwhatisnowknownasShanghai.Inthegloomhesawwhatcouldhavebeenafoxrunning.注意：what引導(dǎo)的插入語后面的名從起解釋的作用。省略它，主句仍然完整。從意義上看，可將它視為定語，即：句子作前置定語，修飾后面的名詞。.what,whatever,who,whoever等弓|導(dǎo)的名從的異同whatever=anythingthat（無論什么）whoever=anyonethat（無論誰）whenever=anytime=nomatterwhen（無論何時）wherever=anyplace=nomatterwhere（無論何地）以上四個都是泛指。而what,who,when,when則是特指。Whospokeatthemeetingisunknown.（Thepersonwhospokeatthemeetingisknown.）Whoeverbreaksthelawwillbepunished.（Anyonewhobreaksthelawwillbepunished.）注意：wh-ever不用形式主語it替代。（見基礎(chǔ)篇講義）分開寫的whoever或whatever用于疑問句中表驚奇、憤怒等強烈感情。Whoever（=onearth）toldyouthat?whoever的賓格也用whoever，一般不用whomevero.that與what引導(dǎo)的從句的異同相同點：都用來引導(dǎo)名詞性從句。不同點有二：1）引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時，that不作句子成分，也無意義，只起連接句子的作用。what則可在從句中作主語、賓語、表語或賓語補足語，且保持原疑問詞的意義或表示“所……的事情”“所……的東西”等。Afteryearsofhardwork,shewasmadewhatshewas.（what引導(dǎo)的從句作賓語補足語，此時不用that）2）glad/sorry/afraid/happy/angry等形容詞后可直接跟that引導(dǎo)的從句，原與形容詞搭配的介詞省略不用。what從句如果放在這些形容詞后，形容詞后介詞要保留，不可省略。Hewasveryangrythatsomeofthestudentswasabsent.Iamverypleasedwithwhattheyhadsaid.五.感嘆句形式的名詞性從句主從、表從、賓從有時候是以感嘆句形式出現(xiàn)在句中。Youneverthoughtwhatawonderfultimewehadattheparty.Youcan'timaginewhatdifficulty/howdifficultIhadfindingthisshop.Whataninterestingrolesheplayedinthefilmattractedtheaudiences'interest.六.含有it的一種獨特的名詞性從句有些動詞也有it做形式賓語的情況。如take,have,owe（認(rèn)為）,seeto（留心，照顧），dependon等。Youmaydependonitthattheywillhelpyou你可以放心他們會幫助你的。Wouldyouseetoitthatthevillagershavecleandrinkingwater?你負(fù)責(zé)保證村民們有干凈的飲水，好嗎？Rumourhasitthatwewillhaveanewmanagersoon.據(jù)說我們不久就會有一位新經(jīng)理。Iputittoyouthatyouaretheonlypersonwhohasamotiveforthecrime.我讓你明白你是唯一具有犯罪動機的人。Itakeitthatyouwon'tbecomingtoSophie'sparty我想你不會去參加索菲亞家的聚會。Arewetotakeitthatyourefusetocooperate?我們是否可以認(rèn)為你拒絕合作。五.辨別that引導(dǎo)的從句類型辨別that引導(dǎo)的是定語從句、同位語從句、主語從句或強調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)，可用“成分法”、“試加法”、“試減法”、“還原法”。1）成分法——定語從句分析that從句的句子成分，如that在從句從當(dāng)主語或賓語，則此從句為定語從句。YoumustdoeverythingthatIdo.2）試加法——同位語從句在名詞和從句之間加系動詞be,使該名次和從句構(gòu)成一個新的句子。如果句子通順，合乎邏輯，那么該從句就是同位語從句。Weheardthenewsthatourteamhadwon.3）還原法——主語從句把that引導(dǎo)的從句調(diào)到句首，去掉句首的it,檢查整個復(fù)合句是否通順、合乎邏輯且新句子的意思不變。如果句子意思不變，則該從句為主語從句。It'sarulethathegetsyotsixo'clockeverymorning.4）試減法——強調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)去掉句中的“Itbe…that…”框架，如果句子剩下的部分（可調(diào)整成分的位置）意思通順，合乎邏輯，則該句是強調(diào)句式。Itwasthegoat'seyesthathehadseenyesterday.試判斷下列各句中的that從句類型：It'sclearthathehasfinishedhishomework.（主從）Itisyouthatarewrong.（強調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)）Thefactthathehadnotsaidanythingsurprisedus.（同從） Aplayisamachinethatcan口丫.（定從）歷年高考真題：（附答案）.youhavedonemightdoharmtootherpeople.（87）A.ThatB.WhatC.WhichD.This.Theyhavenoideaatall.（87）A.wherehehasgoneB.wheredidhegoC.whichplacehehasgoneD.wherehehadgoneeavestheroomlastoughttoturnoffthelights.（88）A.AnyoneB.ThepersonC.WhoeverD.WhoUpongraduationheaskedtobesentto.（88）A.whereheismostneededB.whereheneededC.whereheismostlyneededD.whereishemostlyneededThesephotographswillshowyou.（89）whatdoesourvillagelooklikewhatourvillagelookslikehowdoesourvillagelooklikeD.howourvillagelookslikeCanyoumakesureA.whereAlicehadputCanyoumakesureA.whereAlicehadputC.whereAlicehasputNoonecanbesureA.whatmanwilllooklikethegoldring?(90)wherehadAliceputD.wherehasAliceputinamillionyears.(91)whatwillmanlooklikeC.manwilllooklikewhatD.whatlookwillmanlike.theGameswillbeheldinBeijingisnotknown.(92)A.WheneverB.IfC.WhetherD.That.Itworriedherabitherhairwasturninggrey.(92)A.whichB.thatC.ifD.for.youdon,tlikehimisnoneofmybusiness.(92)A.WhatB.WhoC.ThatD.Whether.hesaidatthemeetingastonishedeverybodypresent.(93)A.WhatB.ThatC.ThefactD.Thematter.Heaskedfortheviolin.(93)A.didIpayhowmuch B.IpaidhowmuchC.howmuchdidIpay 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soon.（01）A.whenB.howC.whetherD.why26.isnopossibilityBobcanwinthefirstprizeinthematch.（01）A.There;that B.It;thatC.There;whether D.It;whetherWhenyouanswerquestionsinajobinterview,pleaserememberthegoldenrule:Alwaysgivethemoneyexactlyhewants.（2002上海）A.whatB.whichC.whenD.thatThereisanewprobleminvolvedinthepopularityofprivatecarsroadconditionsneed.（2003上海）A.that;tobeimproved B.which;tobeimprovedC.where;improving D.when;improving—Areyoustillthinkingaboutyesterday,sgame?—Oh,that,s.（2003北京春季）whatmakesmefeelexcitedwhateverIfeelexcitedabouthowIfeelaboutitD.whenIfeelexcitedWecannotfigureoutquiteanumberofinsects,birds,andanimalsaredyingout.（2004北京）A.thatB.asC.whyD.whenIthinkFatherwouldliketoknowI'vebeenuptosofar,soIdecidetosendhimaquicknote.（04湖南）A.whichB.whyC.whatD.howAmoderncityhasbeensetupinwasawastelandtenyearsago.（04天津）A.whatB.whichC.thatD.whereA.whatB.whichC.thatD.whereParentsaretaughttounderstandimportanteducationistotheirchil（04廣東）A.thatB.howC.suchD.soTheroadiscoveredwithsnow.Ican'tunderstandtheyinsistongoingbymotor-bike.（04）A.whyB.whetherC.whenD.howAfterYangLiWeisucceededincirclingtheearth,ourastronautsdesiretodoiswalkinspace.（04上海）A.where B.whatC.thatD.howAstorygoesElizabethIofEnglandlikednothingmorethatbeingsurroundedbycleverandqualifiednoblemenatcourt.（04上海）A.whenB.whereC.whatD.thatTheotherday,mybrotherdrovehiscardownthestreetatIthoughtwasadangerousspeed.（04上海春季）A.asB.whichC.whatD.thatAlongwiththeletterwashispromisehewouldvisitmethiscomingChristmas.A.which B.that C.what D.whetherMarywroteanarticleontheteamhadfailedtowinthegame.（05北京）A.why B.what C.who D.thatDanbyleftwordwithmysecretaryhewouldcallagainintheafternoon.（05浙江）A.whoB.thatC.asD.whichThewayhediditwasdifferentwewereusedto.（05江西）A.inwhichB.inwhatC.fromwhatD.fromwhichIwassurprisedbyherwords,whichmademerecognizesillymistakesIhadmade.（05湖南）

A.whatB.thatC.howD.whichA.whatB.thatC.howD.whichWithhisworkcompleted,thebusinessmansteppedbacktohisseat,feelingpleasedhewasamanofaction.（06湖南）A.whichB.thatC.whatD.whetherWehaven'tsettledthequestionofitisnecessaryforhimtostudyabroad.（06江蘇）A.ifB.whereC.whetherD.thatmakesthisshopdifferentisthatitoffersmorepersonalservices.（06遼寧）A.WhatB.WhoC.WhateverD.WhoeverSeetheflagsontopofthebuilding?Thatwaswedidthismorning.