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英文原文StudyofInherentSafetyMinehoistbasedonmoderndesignmethodsYangLijie1,MengXiangyun2,WangGuimei1,NiuQingna11HebeiUniversityofEnginee(cuò)ring,Handan,Hebei,056038,China2ChinaTelecomHandanCompany,Handan,Hebei,056038,ChinaAbstract—Asamodernsecuritydesign,InherentSafetymeansthatequipmentandfacilitiesisabletocontaintheinherentfundamentalfeaturestopreventaccidents.Minehoististhemostimportantequipmentinthecoalproduction.Howtoachievesafe,reliable,efficientproductionhasbee(cuò)nthefocusstudyathomeandabroad.Inherentsafetyisreflectedinhoistdesign,primarilythroughthedesignmeasurestoimprovetheoperat(yī)ionofhoistsafetyandreliability.Inthispaper,InherentSafetytheoryisappliedinthedesignofminehoist,toproposedthedesignmethodbyusingthesoftwareofPRO/EPLC,Labviewetc..Keywords-Minehoist;InherentSafety;PRO/E;PLC;LabviewI.INTRODUCTIONIncoalproduction,minehoististheequipmenttocarrycoal,gangue,materials,workersandequipmentsalongtherockshaft,theonlywaylinkedundergroundandaboveground,knownasminethroat.Minehoistisalarge-scalereciprocatingmachinerywhichhasthefeatureofownbiginertia,loadchanges,runningspeed,andwiderangee(cuò)tal..Theadvantagesanddisadvantagesofitsoperatingperformance,notonlydirectlyaffectthenormalproductionandcoalproductionefficiency,butalsorelatetoequipmentandpersonalsafety.Inrecentyears,minehoistfailuresandaccidentshavehappenedat(yī)homeandabroadwhichhavepaidaheavypricetocoalcompanies.Therefore,theproductiontechnologyandsafetyofminehoistarehigher,anditsmechanicalmanufacturingtechnologyandelectricalcontroltechnologyhasbeenanimportantresearchareatotheinternationalmachinebuildingindustryandthee(cuò)lectriccontrolindustry.InherentSafetymeansthatequipmentandfacilitiesisabletocontaintheinherentfundamentalfeaturestopreventaccidents.InherentSafetyliesindesign,throughcontinuousimprovement,topreventaccidentsduetotheequipmentitselffailures.Inherentsafetyisreflectedinhoistdesign,primarilythroughthedesignmeasurestoimprovetheoperat(yī)ionofhoistsafetyandreliability.Inthispaper,InherentSafetytheoryisappliedinthedesignofminehoist,toproposedtheinherentsafetydesignmethodbyusethesoftwareofPRO/EPLC,Labviewetc..II.INHERENTSAFETYTHEORYThetermofinherentsafetyoriginatesthedevelopmentofworldspacetechnologyinthe1950s.Theconceptiswidelyacceptedcloselylinkedwithscientifictechnologicalprogressandhumanunderstandingofsafetyculture.TheconceptofinherentsafetyproducedaftertheWorldWarIIwhichbecamemajorsafetyconceptinmanyindustrializedcountriessincethemid20thcentury.Inherentsafetydesignasthebasicmethodofhazardcontrol,byselectingsafematerials,processroutes,mechanicalequipment,devices,toeliminat(yī)eorcontrolhazardssourcerat(yī)herthanrelyingon"additional"securitymeasuresormanagementmeasurestocontrolthem.Asinherentsafetydesign,firstlyanalyzeandidentifyhazardsthatmayoccurinsystem,andthenchoosethebestmethodstoeliminat(yī)e,controlhazards,whichreflectedinprojectdesign.Ⅲ.THEDESIGNOFINHERENTSAFETYMINEHOISTMinehoistmainlyincludstheworkingdevice,controlsystem,transmissionsystemanddrag,protectionsystemsandothercomponents.Totheinherentsafetyminehoistdesign,mainlythemechanicalsystem,controlsystemandmonitorsystemisthemajorparttoconsidered.In-depthinvestigationstofindmalfunctionTheconceptofinherentsafetyisrequiredsafetyallthetimeintheproductdesignprocess.Thatis,theequipmenthaslittlemalfunctionasmuchaspossibleduringtheoperationandhaslongnormaloperationcyclelength.Howcandesigninherentsafetyequipment,themostimportantthingisunderstandingenoughtotheequipment,especiallyinwork.Afterin-depthresearch,fullyunderstandingthesituat(yī)ion,trythebesttoreduceoreliminat(yī)ethefaultinthedesign.Afterin-depthunderstandingofresearch,designproduct.B.MechanicalSystemThetraditionalmethodofproducthaslongdesigncycle,highcosts.However,thevirtualprototypetechnologyhastheadvantageinsavingthedesigncost,shorteningthedesigncircle,byusingthemethodofmodeling,simulationfirstandthenbuildsthephysicalprototype.Therefore,thevirtualdesignisthedevelopingtrendsofmechanicaldesign.Inmechanicalsystemdesign,theapplicationofvirtualprototypeisusedtodesignminehoist,notonlyspeededupthedesignprocess,alsosimulatedavarietyofconditionstothevirtualprototypetodiscoverdesignfaults,toimprovethedesign,toimproveminehoistperformance.Minehoistmechanicalsystemiscomposedofspindle,roller,reducer,motor,brakesandothercomponents.Initsdesign,virtualdesignsoftwarePRO/Eisappliedtoestablishhoistprototype,applicationofsimulationsoftwareADAMSisusedtosimulateandoptimizethedesign.SpecificprocessshowninFigure1:Figure1.MechanicalsystemdesignC.ControlsystemdesignMinehoistcontrolsystemincludesstart,run,brake,etc.,therequirementsincontrolsystemare:Innormalhoistoperation,participationinhoistspeedcontrol,brakethehoistwhenreachingthedestinat(yī)ion,knownastheservicebraking;Incaseofemergency,canquicklyslowdownasrequired,brakehoist,topreventtheexpansionoftheaccident,thatisthesafetybraking;Participateinthehoistspee(cuò)dcontrolwhendecelerati;Todouble-rollerhoist,shouldbrakethemovingrollerandfixrollerrespectivelywhenregulat(yī)ingropelength,replacementlevelandchangingrope,sothat,movingrollerwouldnotmovewhenspindlerotateswiththefixedroller.MostofminehoistsinChina(morethan70%)usethetraditionalelectriccontrolsystem(tkd-aastherepresentative).Tkdcontrolsystemiscomposedofrelaylogiccircuits,largeaircontactors,tachometergeneratoretc.,whichisatouchcontrolsystem.Afteryearsofdevelopment,tkd-aseriesofelectriccontrolsystemhasformeditsowncharacteristics,butitsshortcomingsareobvious.Itselectricalcircuitistoocomplicated,multi-line,causinghoistparkingandaccidentsoccurredduetoelectricalfault.Withthecomputeranddigitaltechnology,toformadigitalhoistcontrolsystemofPLChasbecomepossible.PLCcontrolsystemhashighcontrolprecision,parameterstability,simplehardwarestructure,self-diagnosticcapabilityandcommunicat(yī)ionnetworkingfunction.MinehoistcontrolsystembasedonPLCtechnologystructureshowninFigure2,mainlyincludingthefollowingcomponents:themainplccontrolcircuits,hoistroutedetectionanddisplaycircuits,speeddetection,andsignalcircuits.ThePLCofthemaincontrolcircuitsusesMitsubishiFX2NseriesinJapanwhichmoredomesticapplications.Figure2PLCelectriccontrolsystemD.MonitoringsystemdesignToensuresafeoperat(yī)ionofthehoist,exceptforselectingthereasonableoperationdesignparameters,theuseofadvancedcontrolsystem,shouldalsomonitorthetechnologicalparametersonregular,conscientiouslydoperformancetestworktomasterthehoistperformance,discoverthedefectsintime,eliminatehiddendanger,avoidunnecessarylosses.Inaddition,thehoistoperationstatecanbeimprovedtoworkinthebestconditionsbasedontestdata.Therefore,thehoistcouldworksafely,reliably,havehighefficiency,andextenditsworklife.Virtualinstrumenttechnologyiscomputer-basedinstrumentationandmeasurementtechnology,isloadedsomesoftwareandhardwareonthecomputerwithsimilarappearanceandperformanceoftheactualindependentinstrument.Theuseroperatingthecomputer,likemanipulatingaespeciallyconventionalelectronicdevicesdesignedtheirs.Theessenceofvirtualinstrumenttechnologyisthat(yī)hardwaresoftwarizedtechnology,takefulladvantageofthelat(yī)estcomputertechnologytoimplementandexpandthefunctionsoftraditionalinstruments.LabVIEW(laboratoryvirtualinstrumentenginee(cuò)ringworkbench)isagraphicalprogramminganddevelopmentenvironment,alsoknownas"G"language.Itiswidelyusedbyindustry,academiaandresearchlaboratories,acceptedasthestandarddataacquisitionandinstrumentcontrolsoftware.LabVIEWnotonlyprovidesandcomplieswithallthefunctionsofhardwareanddat(yī)aacquisitioncardscommunicationsofGPIB,VXI,RS-232andRS-485protocol,andbuilt-inlibraryfunctionssupportforTCP/IP,ActiveXandothersoftwarestandards.Thesoftwareforscientistsandengineersisaprogramminglanguage,itprovidesasimple,intuitivegraphicalprogrammingmode,savesalotofdevelopmenttime,hascompletefunction,bestembodiedstyleofvirtualinstrument.Inresponsetothesecircumstances,developedaminehoistIntegratePerformanceMonitoringSystembasedonvirtualinstrumentLabVIEW-based.ShowinFigure3.Withsignalconditioninganddataacquisitioncardtoreceivesignalsfromsensors,thensentthereceivedsignaltothevirtualinstrumentsoftwareplatform,enablesthefollowingfeatures:(1)showspeed,acceleration,brakingtime,displacement,oilpressure,delaytimeandotherrelevantparametersindigital,anddisplayspeed,acceleration,traction,displacementandhydrauliccurves.(2)Dynamicallymonitorthehydraulicoilpressureandoilpumprunningstation,basedontheseparameterstoavoidimportantbrakingsystemfailure.(3)Testbrakeairtraveltime,relaydelaytimeandothertimeparameters.(4)inquirytothemeasuredcurveandhoistparameters;printatestreport.Figure3.DiagramoftestsystemThemonitoringsystemhascharacteristicssuchascompact,lightweight,highprecision,testingconvenientandflexible,feat(yī)ure-richsoftwareetc..thesystemcannotonlydisplayautomaticallytestresults,butalsofinishmultiplefunctions,forexample,datatransmission,analysis,processing,storageandreportprinting.Thesystemishighprecision,caneasilymonitorthehoistoperat(yī)ionstate,toensurethereliabilityofhoistoperation.Ⅳ.CONCLUSIONSInthispaper,usedvirtualdesignsoftwaretodesignthehoistmechanicalsystem,PLCtodesigncontrolsystem,appliedvirtualinstrumentsoftware-LABVIEWtodesignmonitorsystem.Therefore,theminehoistdesignedhasgoodmechanicalpropertiesandsafeoperation,monitoringeasy.REFERENCES[1]Wengqishu.Theinherentsafetyandchecksofcabin[J].navigationTechnology2023(3):50-52.(inChinese)[2]Lijangbo.StudyofTestSystemofCompositeCharacteristicofDevicesBasedon Virtualinstrument[D].ADissertationSubmittedtoHebeiUniversityofEnginee(cuò)ringFortheAcademicDegree(cuò)ofMasterofEngineering,2023.(inChinese)[3]Wangchengqin,Liwei,Mengbaoxingetal...Randomvibrationtestingsystemofhoistinggearbasedonvirtualinstrument.Coalminemachinery,2023(4):118-120.(inChinese)[4]ChenbaozhiWumin.conceptandpracticesofinherentsafety[J].Journalof SafetyScienceandTechnology,2023(6):79-83.(inChinese)[5]Xuchenyi,Wuyongdong,Huangheetal..APLC-basedminehoistcontrolsystem design[J].LC&FA,2023(10):52-56(inChinese)?中文譯文基于現(xiàn)代設(shè)計(jì)方法的礦井提高機(jī)內(nèi)在安全性的研究YangLijie1,MengXiangyun2,WangGuimei1,NiuQingna11河北工程大學(xué),河北邯鄲,056038,中國(guó)2中國(guó)電信邯鄲分公司,河北邯鄲,056038,中國(guó)摘要:作為一個(gè)現(xiàn)代的安全設(shè)計(jì),內(nèi)在的安全性意味著設(shè)備和設(shè)施可以包含防止事故發(fā)生的固有基本特性。礦山提高機(jī)是煤炭生產(chǎn)中最重要的設(shè)備。如何獲得安全、可靠、效率高的產(chǎn)品,已經(jīng)成為國(guó)內(nèi)外研究的焦點(diǎn)。內(nèi)在安全性在提高機(jī)的設(shè)計(jì)中重要體現(xiàn)在通過設(shè)計(jì)方法來提高操作提高機(jī)的安全性和可靠性。在本文中,把內(nèi)在安全性理論應(yīng)用到了礦井提高機(jī)的設(shè)計(jì)中,運(yùn)用PRO/E、PLC、Labview等軟件提出了設(shè)計(jì)方法。關(guān)鍵字:礦用提高機(jī);內(nèi)在安全性;PRO/E;PLC;LabviewⅠ.介紹在煤礦生產(chǎn)中,礦井提高機(jī)是沿著巖石豎井?dāng)y帶煤炭、煤矸石、材料、工人和其他設(shè)施的設(shè)備,豎井是唯一的和地上地下連接的方式,就是我們所知的煤礦的喉嚨。礦井提高機(jī)是一種具有的大慣性、負(fù)荷變化、運(yùn)營(yíng)速度快等特性的大型往復(fù)式機(jī)械。它自身操作性能的優(yōu)點(diǎn)和缺陷不僅直接影響到正常的產(chǎn)量和煤炭生產(chǎn)效率,并且關(guān)系著設(shè)備和人身安全。近年來,在國(guó)內(nèi)外發(fā)生的礦用提高機(jī)失效和意外情況,已經(jīng)讓煤炭公司付出了沉重的代價(jià)。因此,生產(chǎn)技術(shù)和礦用提高機(jī)的安全性越高,那么它的機(jī)械制造技術(shù)與電氣控制技術(shù)就會(huì)成為一個(gè)國(guó)際機(jī)械建筑行業(yè)和電氣控制行業(yè)的重要研究領(lǐng)域。 本質(zhì)安全性意味著設(shè)備和設(shè)施可以包含防止事故發(fā)生的本質(zhì)基本特性。本質(zhì)安全性在于設(shè)計(jì)、通過連續(xù)的改善,才干避免由于設(shè)備自身的失效而導(dǎo)致的事故,本質(zhì)安全性在提高機(jī)的設(shè)計(jì)中重要體現(xiàn)在通過設(shè)計(jì)方法來提高操作提高機(jī)的安全性和可靠性。在本文中,把本質(zhì)安全性理論應(yīng)用到了礦井提高機(jī)的設(shè)計(jì)中,運(yùn)用PRO/E、PLC、Labview等軟件提出了設(shè)計(jì)方法。Ⅱ.本質(zhì)安全理論長(zhǎng)期的固有安全性源于世界空間技術(shù)在20世紀(jì)50年代的發(fā)展。這個(gè)概念被廣泛的認(rèn)為是科學(xué)技術(shù)進(jìn)步與人類對(duì)安全文化了解的密切聯(lián)系。在第二次世界大戰(zhàn)后產(chǎn)生的本質(zhì)安全性概念成為20世紀(jì)中期以來許多工業(yè)化國(guó)家的重要安全概念。作為危險(xiǎn)控制的基本方法,本質(zhì)安全設(shè)計(jì)是通過選擇安全的材料、工藝路線、機(jī)械設(shè)備、裝置以消除或控制危險(xiǎn)源,而不是依賴“額外的”的安全措施或管理措施來控制他們。作為本質(zhì)安全設(shè)計(jì),一方面應(yīng)分析并找出也許出現(xiàn)在系統(tǒng)里的危險(xiǎn),然后選擇最佳的方法來消除、控制危險(xiǎn),這個(gè)方法反映在項(xiàng)目設(shè)計(jì)中。Ⅲ.礦用提高機(jī)的本質(zhì)安全設(shè)計(jì)礦井提高機(jī)重要涉及工作裝置、控制系統(tǒng)、傳輸系統(tǒng)和阻力、保護(hù)系統(tǒng)以及其他組成部分。在本質(zhì)安全的礦井提高機(jī)設(shè)計(jì)中,機(jī)械系統(tǒng)、控制系統(tǒng)和監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)是需要考慮的重要部分。A:進(jìn)一步調(diào)查發(fā)現(xiàn)故障本質(zhì)安全性的概念是指在產(chǎn)品的設(shè)計(jì)過程中一直需要安全性。也就是說,設(shè)備應(yīng)盡也許少的在運(yùn)營(yíng)過程中出現(xiàn)故障,并且具有長(zhǎng)期的正常運(yùn)營(yíng)周期。如何才干設(shè)計(jì)出本質(zhì)安全的設(shè)備,最重要的是能足夠了解設(shè)備,特別是在工作的時(shí)候。通過進(jìn)一步研究、充足了解情況,然后盡也許減少或消除設(shè)計(jì)中的缺陷。在深層研究的了解后,設(shè)計(jì)出產(chǎn)品。B.機(jī)械系統(tǒng)傳統(tǒng)的產(chǎn)品設(shè)計(jì)方法周期長(zhǎng)、成本高。然而,虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí)技術(shù)通過采用建模、仿真,然后建立物理原型的方法從而有了節(jié)約設(shè)計(jì)成本、縮短設(shè)計(jì)周期的優(yōu)勢(shì)。因此,虛擬設(shè)計(jì)是機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)發(fā)展的必然趨勢(shì)。在機(jī)械系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)中,應(yīng)用虛擬樣機(jī)來設(shè)計(jì)礦用提高機(jī),不僅提高了設(shè)計(jì)速度,并且模擬了虛擬樣機(jī)的各種情況以發(fā)現(xiàn)設(shè)計(jì)錯(cuò)誤,提高設(shè)計(jì)、改善礦井提高機(jī)的性能。礦井提高機(jī)的機(jī)械系統(tǒng)由主軸、卷筒、減速器、電機(jī)、剎車和其他組成部分。在它的設(shè)計(jì)中,虛擬設(shè)計(jì)軟件PRO/E是用來建立提高機(jī)原型的,模擬軟件ADAMS是用來模擬和優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)的。具體過程如圖1所示:圖.1機(jī)械系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)C.控制系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)礦井提高機(jī)控制系統(tǒng)涉及啟動(dòng)、運(yùn)營(yíng)、剎車等,控制系統(tǒng)的規(guī)定是:在正常的提高機(jī)操作中,參與提高機(jī)的速度控制,到達(dá)目的地的時(shí)候制動(dòng)提高機(jī),稱為制動(dòng)服務(wù);萬一發(fā)生緊急情況,可以根據(jù)規(guī)定快速慢下來,制動(dòng)提高機(jī),以防止事故的擴(kuò)大,也就是安全制動(dòng);在減速的時(shí)候參與提高機(jī)的速度控制;對(duì)于雙滾筒提高機(jī),在調(diào)節(jié)鋼絲繩長(zhǎng)度、更換水平和變化的鋼絲繩時(shí),應(yīng)當(dāng)分別制動(dòng)活動(dòng)卷筒和固定卷筒。這樣以來,當(dāng)主軸隨固定卷筒一起轉(zhuǎn)時(shí),活動(dòng)卷筒就不能動(dòng)了。中國(guó)的大部分礦井提高機(jī)(70%以上)使用傳統(tǒng)的電氣控制系統(tǒng)(以TKD-A作為代表)。TKD控制系統(tǒng)由邏輯電路、大型空氣接觸器、轉(zhuǎn)速發(fā)電機(jī)等部分組成,是一個(gè)觸摸控制系統(tǒng)。通過數(shù)年的發(fā)展,TKD-A系列電動(dòng)控制系統(tǒng)已經(jīng)形成了自身的特點(diǎn),但其存在的缺陷顯而易見。其電路過于復(fù)雜、多線,由于電路故障使提高機(jī)導(dǎo)致停車和事故的發(fā)生。通過運(yùn)用計(jì)算機(jī)和數(shù)字技術(shù),形成一個(gè)數(shù)字化提高機(jī)的PLC控制系統(tǒng)已成為也許。PLC控制系統(tǒng)具有較高的控制精度、參數(shù)穩(wěn)定、簡(jiǎn)樸的硬件結(jié)構(gòu)、自診斷能力和網(wǎng)絡(luò)通信功能?;赑LC控制技術(shù)的礦井提高機(jī)控制系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)如圖2所示,
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