汽車專業(yè)英語培訓

Unitone

AutomobileStructureContentsPre-questionsII.Text

ExplanationIII.ExercisesTypesofModernAutomobiles1）cars

2）passengercars3）trucks4）tractorsandvehiclecombination5）specialtypevehicle6）Self-dumpingcar7）farmvehicle8)off-roadvehicle

Pre-questionsSpecialvehicle

carTractorTruck

PassengerCars

2、withrespecttoenginearrangementanddrivingtypeenginearrangementanddrivingtypediagramfrontengine

、front-wheeldrive

frontengine

、rear-wheeldriveRearengine、

rear-wheeldrivePre-questionsDoyouknowwhobuiltthefirstcarintheworldandwhen?KarlBenzIn1886Pre-questionsHowmanymainpartsdoestheautomobileconsistof?1-engine2-chassis3-body4--electricalsystemPre-questionsWhichiscalledthe“heart”ofautomobile?AnenginethatisusedtosupplypowerforanautomobileWhatisthechassiscomposedof?drivingsystem,runninggear,steeringsystemandbrakesystem.

Pre-questionsDrivingsystemBrakesystemSteeringsystemrunninggearPre-questionsWhatistheelectricalsystemcomposedof?Theelectricsystemincludesthebattery,generator,startingsystem,ignitionsystem,lightingsystem,hornsystem,radioandotherdevices.Pre-questionsWhatarethefunctionsofthefoursystems?Drivingsystem

worksbytransmittingenginepowertothedrivingwheels.Suspensionsystem’sfunctionistoincreasestrengthanddurabilityofcomponentsandtomeetcustomers’requirementsforridingcomfortanddrivingsafety.Steeringsystemisusedtocontrolthedrivingdirectionofanautomobile.

Brakesystemisusedtoretardthemotionofthevehicle.

Pre-questionsInotherwords,anyautomobileiscomposedofthesectionssuchasengine,chassis,bodyandelectricsystem.Inotherwords換句話說becomposedof由….組成

譯文：換句話說，任何一輛汽車都是由發(fā)動機、底盤、車身和電器設備組成的。

II.TextExplanationInotherwords

Inotherwords,theyremainrelativelyconstantorstatic.

換句話說，它們相對的穩(wěn)定、靜止。

Inotherwords,wehaveadheredtoscientificsocialism.

也就是說，我們堅持了科學社會主義。

becomposedofNavymustbecomposedofsurfaceshipunitandsubmarineunit.

海軍一定是由水面艦艇部隊和潛艇部隊組成。II.TextExplanationTheinternalcombustionengineburnsfuelwithinthecylindersandconvertstheexpandingforceofthecombustionor“explosion”intorotaryforceusedtopropelthevehicle.Theinternalcombustionengine內燃機Convert…..into…..使轉變,轉換...Propelvt.推進,驅使譯文：內燃機在汽缸內燃燒燃料，然后把燃燒或者“爆炸”所產生的膨脹力變成旋轉力，用以推動車輛前進。

II.TextExplanationConvert…..into…..Theyconvertedthegarageintoatheater.

他們將車庫改成戲院。convertwaterintoice.將水變成冰convertingfeetintometers.將英尺換算成公尺II.TextExplanationBrakesystemisabalancedsetofmechanicalandhydraulicdevicesusedtoretardthemotionofthevehiclebymeansof

friction.Hydraulic[haidrlik]adj.液壓的,水力的Retard[ritd]vt.延遲,使減速,阻礙Friction[frikn]n.摩擦,摩擦力譯文：制動系統(tǒng)是一套平衡的機械和液壓設備，它可通過摩擦來阻止車輛的運動。II.TextExplanationbymeansof用…..方式（方法），依靠Theysucceededbymeansofperseverance.他們依靠堅忍不拔而獲得成功。

Healwaysgoestoschoolbymeansofbike他總是騎自行車上學

II.TextExplanationII.TextExplanationIn1956,theNo.1AutoPlantwasestablishedinChangchun,andturnedoutthefirstbatchofliberationautomobilesforourcountry.establishvt.建立,設立,確定turnedoutvt.

生產,起床,翻出,制造,關掉

譯文：在1956年，一汽在長春成立了，并且為我們國家生產出了第一批解放牌轎車。turnoutAvastcrowdturnedouttowatchthematch.

大群的觀眾到場觀看比賽。Ifthedayturnsoutwetwemayhavetochangeourplans.

萬一下雨的話，我們也許得改變計劃。II.TextExplanationIII.ExercisesTranslatethefollowingexpressionsintoChinese.chassisdrivingsysteminternalcombustionenginesteeringsystembrakingsystemclutchgearboxuniversaljointpropellershaftgenerator底盤傳動系統(tǒng)內燃機轉向系統(tǒng)制動系統(tǒng)離合器變速箱萬向節(jié)驅動軸發(fā)電機IdentifytheEnglishnamesofclutchaccordingtothepicture.III.Exercises1-engine;2-clutch;3-gearbox;4-propellershaft;5-differential;6-rearaxleThemotorvehicleengineisbasicallyadeviceforconvertingtheinternalenergystoredinitsfuelintomechanicalenergy.Itisclassifiedasaninternalcombustionenginebyvirtueofthisenergyconversiontakingplacewithintheenginecylinders.Sincetheterm”energy”impliesthecapacitytoperformwork,theengineisthusabletopropelthevehiclealongtheroadand,withinlimits,overcomeunwantedoppositiontoitsmotionarisingfromrollingfrictionandairdrag.Tofacilitatethisprocesstheengineiscombinedwithatransmissionsystem.III.ExercisesI.TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoChinese.Ineffect,thedrivingsystemworksbytransmittingenginepowertothedrivingwheels.實際上，傳動系統(tǒng)的作用是將發(fā)動機的動力傳遞到驅動車輪。Theelectricsystemsupplieslightinganddrivingpowerfortheautomobile.電氣系統(tǒng)可為汽車提供照明和驅動的電力。Thebodystylingprovidesanattractive,colorful,modernappearanceforthevehicle.車身的式樣為汽車提供了誘人的，多彩的，現(xiàn)代的外觀形象。III.Exercises汽車主要由四個部分組成，他們是：發(fā)動機、底盤、車身和電氣設備。Anautomobileisgenerallycomposedoffoursectionssuchasengine,chassis,bodyandelectricalsystem.傳動系由離合器、變速箱、傳動軸、后橋、差速器、從動輪組成。Thetransmissionsystemconsistsofclutch,gearbox,propellershaft,rearaxle,differentialandthedrivingroadwheels.。III.ExercisesII.TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish.氣門機構的作用是及時地吸入新鮮的混合氣和排出廢氣Thevalvegearprovidestimelyadmissionofthefreshchargeintothecylindersandexhaustofspentgasesfromthem.

III.ExercisesThankYou!Unit2-1

MainComponentsofEngine

ContentsⅠ．Pre-questionsII.Text

ExplanationIII.ExercisesPre-questionsTheheartofautomobileWhatimpressionoftheengine?complicatedpowerPre-questionsWhataretheretypesoftheengine?electricmotors,steamengines,andinternalcombustionenginesWhat’stheinternalcombustionengine?

burnsfuelwithinthecylindersandconvertstheexpandingforceofthecombustionintorotaryforceusedtopropelthevehicle.Pre-questionsSingle-cylinderenginecylinderpistonPistonpinConnectingrodcrankshaftOilpipeIntakevalveExhaustvalveTiminggearOilpumpwhatisthepowersourceofautomobileandhowtoproduce?pistonpistonpinconnectingrodcrankshaftEnginePowerisproducedbythelinearmotionofapistoninacylinder.

Theconnectingrodtransmitstheup-and-downmotionofthepistontothecrankshaft,whichchangesitintorotarymotion.

Pre-questionsTheenginecomprisestwomechanismandfivesystems,whatarethey?crankshaftandconnectingrodmechanism,valvegear,coolingsystem,lubricatingsystem,fuelsystem,startingsystem,ignitionsystemPre-questionsconnectingrodflywheelcrankshaftpistonintakevalveexhaustvalvepushrodtappettiminggears■

Valvegear

■

Connectingrod

EnginecoolingsystemEnginelubricatingsystemFuelsupplysystemValvegearWhat’sthefunctionofthecrankshaftandconnectingrodmechanism?

Itsfunctionistoconvertheatenergyintomechanicalenergyusedtodrivethevehicles.

Pre-questionsTheinternalcombustionengine,asitsnameindicates,burnsfuelwithinthecylindersandconvertstheexpandingforceofthecombustionintorotaryforceusedtopropelthevehicle.譯文：內燃機，顧名思義，就是燃料在氣缸內部燃燒，并且把燃燒時的膨脹力轉化為驅動車輛的旋轉力。II.TextExplanationOfallautomobilecomponents,plicated[kmplikeitid]adj.復雜的,難解的dominance[dmnns]n.優(yōu)勢,統(tǒng)治譯文：汽車發(fā)動機是一切汽車部件中結構最復雜，對汽車功能起支配作用的一個總成。II.TextExplanationItsfunctionistoconvertheatenergyintomechanicalenergyusedtodrivethevehicles.Convert……into…..

轉變；變換譯文：它的作用就是將熱能轉換成機械能用來驅動汽車。II.TextExplanationConvert…..into….①轉變；變換Thatbuildinghasbeenconvertedintoaschool.那座樓房改成學校了。②兌換IwanttoconvertsomeHongKongdollarsintoAmericandollars.我想把一些港元換成美元。③改變信仰、黨派或意見等Shemanagedtoconverthimtoheropinion.她終于設法說服了他接受她的意見。II.TextExplanationPowerisproducedbythelinearmotionofapistoninacylinder.

linear[

lini]adj.線的,直線的,線性的

piston[pistn]

n.活塞II.TextExplanationThepistonattachedtothetopofaconnectingrodbyapin,calledapistonpinorwristpin.

attachtov.連接connectingrod連桿

pistonpin=wristpin活塞銷II.TextExplanationTheconnectingrodtransmitstheup-and-downmotionofthepistontothecrankshaft,whichchangesitintorotarymotion.transmit…to…

把…傳到…whichchangesitintorotarymotion

定語從句II.TextExplanationdieselengineswaterpumptheignitiondistributoroilpantiminggearcrankshaftandconnectingrodmechanismvalvegearfuelsystemexhaustpipeexhaustmanifoldIII.ExercisesTranslatethefollowingexpressionsintoChinese.柴油發(fā)動機水泵分電器油底殼正時齒輪曲柄連桿機構配氣機構燃油系統(tǒng)排氣管排氣歧管1-cylinderheadcover2-piston3-timingtoothedbelt4-waterpump5-oilpan6-oilpump7-crankshaft8-flywheel9-distributor10-valveIII.ExercisesThecrankshaftrepresentsthefinallink

intheconversionofreciprocatingmotionatthepistontooneofrotationattheflywheel.Inthecastofthemulti-cylinder

engine,thecrankshafthastocontrol

therelativemotionsofthepistons,whilereceivingtheirownimpulses.Aone-piececonstructionismostcommonly

usedforthemotor-vehiclecrankshaft,whichextendsthewholelengthoftheengineandmustthereforepossessconsiderablerigidity.III.ExercisesThetiming-drivefortheenginevalvemechanismistakenfromthefrontendofthecrankshaft

asisthepulleyandbeltdrivefortheengineauxiliaries,suchasthecoolingfanandthealternatorforelectricalsystem.attachedtotherearendofthecrankshaftistheengineflywheel.III.ExercisesI.TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoChinese.1．Engineisthepowersourceoftheautomobile.Powerisproducedbythelinearmotionofapistoninacylinder.發(fā)動機是汽車的動力源.它通過汽缸內的活塞線性運動產生的.2．Thefuelsystemworksaccordingtotherequirementsoftheengineasitprovidesanair-fuelmixturewhichmustbeinproportiontothespeedandloadplacedontheengine.燃油系統(tǒng)的作用是根據(jù)發(fā)動機的轉速和負荷提供一定比例的可燃混合氣以滿足發(fā)動機的需求。III.Exercises3．Thevalvegearprovidestimelyadmissionofthefreshchargeintothecylindersandexhaustofspentgasesfromthem.配氣機構機構可定時的將新鮮氣體充入氣缸，并且將廢氣排放出去。III.Exercises1．發(fā)動機主要有兩大機構五大系統(tǒng)組成。Anengineismainlycomposedoftwomechanismsandfivesystems.2．曲柄連桿機構主要包括機體組，活塞連桿組和曲軸飛輪組。Thecrankshaftandconnectingrodmechanism

mainlyconsistsoftheenginecrankcaseandcylinderblock,thepistonandconnectingrod,thecrankshaftandflywheel.

III.ExercisesII.TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish.3．水泵工作時，可以將冷卻液在發(fā)動機水套中和散熱器之間來回流動。Whenrevolving,thewaterpumpcirculatescoolantbetweentheenginewaterjacketsandtheradiator.

III.ExercisesIII.ExercisesPrincipleofFour-strokeEngine1、intakestroke2、compressstroke3、powerstroke4、exhauststroke

IntakevalveExhaustvalveThankYou!Unit2-2

CylinderBlockandCylinderHead

ContentsPre-questionsII.Text

ExplanationIII.ExercisesEngineBodycrankcasecylinderblockcylinderheadcylinderoilpassageandwaterpassageoilpanThecylindergasket

Whatistheengineblockcomprisedof?thecylindersectionandthecrankcasesection

Pre-questionsthecylindercrankcasePre-questionsHowmanytypeshastheenginearrangement,whatarethey?In-line

V-type

Horizontallyopposedtype

What’sthefunctionandthematerialofthecylinderhead?

Function：Sealthetopthecylinderandformthecombustionchamberwiththepistonandthecylinder

Material:

greyironoralloyironaluminum

Pre-questionscylindergasket

cylinderheadcylindercoverpadtofitsparkplugPre-questionsWhattypesofthecombustionchambersarethere?Pre-questionswedge-shapedbasin-shapedhemispherical

Theengineblockisthemainsupportingstructuretowhichallotherpartsareattached

directlyorindirectly.

attached[ttt]vt附上...的directlyadv.直接地Indirectlyadv.間接地譯文：氣缸體是主要的支承部件，它可以將其它部件直接或間接的裝配在上面。II.TextExplanation反義詞Thesurfacesaremachinedtoallowthepistonstomovewithminimumwearandfriction.

allowvt允許，承認allowsb.todosth.allowdoingsth.Friction[frikn]n.摩擦,摩擦力譯文：加工出的表面允許活塞在最小磨損和摩擦力下運動。II.TextExplanationAllow使…成為可能，允許近義詞：permitThewindfallallowedmetobuyahouse.這意外之財使我得以購置一幢房子。

Allowmetointroducemyself.

請允許我自我介紹一下。

II.TextExplanationWiththeincreasedconcernforprovidinghigheroutputandlowerfuelconsumption,carmanufacturesaretryingtomakethevehiclelighter.Concernvt.涉及,關系到n.關心,關注concernfor對...的關心/憂慮concernwith和...有關（一般用...+beconcernedwith...）

consumption

n.消費,消費量譯文：隨著對汽車產量和低燃耗的關注度越來越高，汽車生產廠家盡量把汽車做的輕一些。II.TextExplanationConcernvt.1.(不用被動語態(tài))關于2.涉及,關系到;影響到

Theletterischieflyconcernedwithexportcommodities.

這封信主要是關于出口商品的。

Thenewsconcernsyourbrother.

這消息與你兄弟有關。3.使擔心;使不安(+about/for)Theboy'spoorhealthconcernedhisparents.

那男孩健康狀況不佳,使他的父母親憂慮。

Heisconcernedforhersafety.

他擔心她的安全。4.使關心(+about/with)Hewasveryconcernedabouther.

他對她非常關心。II.TextExplanationItshouldbepaidattentiontothedirectionwhenfixing.to是介詞,所以后面接名詞以及動名詞.payattentiontosth./doingsth.

Pleasepayattentiontotakingcareofyourbaby.請注意照顧好你的小孩.

譯文：應該注意裝配時的方向。II.TextExplanationCylindergasketFunction：

fittedbetweenthecylinderblockandcylinderheadtosealtheareabetweenthemandpreventleakageofgas,oilandwater.PayattentiontothedirectionwhenfixingII.TextExplanationInordertomakethealuminumstrongerandlesslikelytowarp,certainmaterialsareaddedtothemetalorasteellinerplacedintheblock.Inorderto為了Westartedearlyinordertoarrivebeforedark.為了在天黑前到達,我們很早就動身了。

II.TextExplanationwarp[w:p]n.彎曲,歪曲vt.弄歪,使翹曲vi.變彎,變歪addedtoincresed（本身）增加addedto(別人，別的東西)增加

譯文：為了使鋁制材料強度更高，盡可能的減少彎曲變形，可加入一定的金屬材料或者在缸體內鑲鋼缸套。區(qū)別II.TextExplanationcylinderblockcylinderheadoilpancylindergasketcylinderlinerwedge-shapedcombustionchamberbasin-shapedcombustionchamberin-lineenginessparkplugsinjectionIII.ExercisesTranslatethefollowingexpressionsintoChinese.氣缸體氣缸蓋油底殼氣缸墊缸套楔形燃燒室盆形燃燒室直列發(fā)動機火花塞噴油器III.Exercises1-cylinderheadcover;2-cylinderhead;3-cylindergasket;4-cylinderblock;5-oilpanIthaslongsincebeenestablishedpracticetocombinethecylinderblockandcrankcaseintoasingleunit,thisgenerallybeingtermed“monobloc”construction.Thehistoricaloriginsofthisformofconstructiondatebacktotheearly1920s,whentherewasageneraltrendtowardssimplificationoftheenginestructure.III.ExercisesUntilthenthecylinderblockandcrankcasewereproducedasseparateunits,incastironandaluminumalloyrespectively,andthenboltedtogether.Inrelationtomodernenginedesign,themonoblocconstructionprovidesaverynecessaryrigidfoundationfortheengineandreducesmanufacturingcosts.III.ExercisesI.TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoChinese.1．Inordertomakethealuminumstrongerandlesslikelytowarp,certainmaterialsareaddedtothemetalorasteellinerplacedintheblock.為了使鋁制缸體剛度更強和盡可能的減少磨損，可將一些材料加入其中或者在缸體中安裝缸套。2．Thecylindergasket’sfunctionistosealtheareabetweenthemandpreventleakageofgas,oilandwater.氣缸墊的作用就是密封缸蓋與缸體之間的區(qū)域，避免漏氣、漏油和漏水。III.Exercises3．Thecylindersofmulti-cylinderautomotiveenginesarearrangedinoneofthreeways.多缸發(fā)動機的氣缸排列方式是這三種形式之一。III.ExercisesII.TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish.1．氣缸墊安裝時，要注意它的方向性。Itshouldbepaidattentiontothedirectionwhenfixingthecylindergasket

.2．鋁制缸體為了提高它的剛度，常常要在氣缸中安裝缸套。Inordertomakethealuminumstronger,asteellineroftenplacedintheblock.3．直列式是發(fā)動機中最簡單的一種排列方式。In-lineengineisthesimplestarrangement.III.ExercisesThankYou!Unit2-3

PistonandConnectingRod

ContentsPre-questionsII.Text

ExplanationIII.Exerciseswhatdoesthepistonassemblyconsistof?

Itmainlyconsistsofpiston,pistonrings,pistonpin,andconnectingrod.

Pre-questionspistonpistonringspistonpinconnectingrodPre-questionspistonpistonringspistonpinconnectingrodFunction?Function:transmittheforceofexpansiontocrankshaftthroughconnectingrodWithstandinggaspressure

Pre-questionscharacteristic

lightrigidcylindricalshapedhollow

Pre-questionscylindricalshapedhollowWhatisthepistoncomposedof?pistonhead,pistonlands,pistonskirtandpistonpinhole.Pre-questionsComponentspistontoppistonheadpistonskirtpistonpinholePre-questionsWhat’sthefunctionoftheconnectingrod?topassthereciprocatingpowerofthepistontothecrankshaft.

Pre-questionsSmallendConnectingrodbushingConnectingrodBigendConnectingrodhalfshellsConnectingrodcapTowithstandtheheatofthecombustionchamber,thepistonmustbestrong.

Withstandvt.抵擋，經受住thecombustionchamber燃燒室

譯文：活塞必須要堅固才能承受燃燒室的熱量。II.TextExplanationInsomeapplication,anarrowgrooveiscutintothepistonabovethetopringtoserveasa“heatdam”toreducetheamountofheatreachingthetopring.groove[grv]n.凹槽

heatdam隔熱槽譯文：在有些結構中，為了減少傳到頂部活塞環(huán)的熱量，在活塞環(huán)的上部切割出一個很窄的環(huán)槽，叫做“隔熱槽”。II.TextExplanationcutintov減少，侵犯,打斷Don'tcutintothestory.

不要打斷故事。

Theknifeeasilycutintothecake.刀一下子就切進了蛋糕。

Theotherhousegotoldandshabby,andthatcutintothevalue.周圍的房子都破舊不堪,這使得他房子的價值降低了。

II.TextExplanationserveasvt.擔任(充當,起...的作用)Thesephilosophicalviewsserveasaguideinlife.這些哲學觀點可以作為處世指南。Hewillserveasmayor．他將任市長一職。

近義詞：actas區(qū)別：serve為……服務II.TextExplanationItmaybe

flat,concave,andconvexoranyoneofagreatvarietyofshapestopromoteturbulenceorhelpcontrolcombustion.concave[knkeiv]n.凹,凹面convex[knveks]adj.表面彎曲如球的外側,凸起的譯文：（活塞頂部）形狀可以是平頂、凹頂、凸頂或者其它各種形狀，這些形狀促進紊流或有助于控制燃燒。II.TextExplanationagreatvarietyofadj.多種,各種,多種多樣的Wewillappealtoagreatvarietyofsourcesofinformation.我們將求助于多種資料來源。II.TextExplanationClassificationofpistontopshapediagramflatconvexconcaveToavoid

misplacingtherodcapsduringassembly,theconnectingrodsandtheirmatingcapsaremarkedononesidewithserialnumbers,startingwiththefirstrodfromtheradiator,toidentifytheirlocationintheengine.譯文：為了避免裝配錯誤，從散熱器的一側為開始，在連桿以及與其相配的連桿蓋的一側標注有序列數(shù)以區(qū)分它們在發(fā)動機中的位置。II.TextExplanationavoidvt.避免[(n./+v-ing)]

Theyallavoidedmentioningthatname.

他們都避免提及那名字。

Shebrakedsuddenlyandavoidedanaccident.

她緊急剎車,避免了一場車禍。

theradiatorn.散熱器misplace[mispleis]vt.放錯地方II.TextExplanationTranslatethefollowingexpressionsintoChinese.pistonringpistonpinconnectingrodexpansionforcecylinderwallinthebottomofthegroovespassthereciprocatingpowerofthepistonconnectingrodsmallendconnectingrodcapconnectingrodbearinghalfshellsIII.Exercises活塞環(huán)活塞銷連桿膨脹力汽缸壁在槽的底部傳遞活塞的往復動力連桿小頭連桿蓋連桿軸瓦compressionringsoilringspistonpinpistonconnectingrodconnectingrodboltcrankbearinghalfshellconnectingrodcapIII.ExercisesPistonrings

areoftwobasictypes,thatis,compressionringsandoil-control

rings.Theyperformimportantfunctionsasfollows:theuppercompressionringsmustmaintainaneffectivesealagainstcombustiongasesleakingpastthepistonsintothecrankcase.Theloweroil-controlringsservetocontrolandeffectivelydistributethelubricatingoilthrownontothecylinderwalls,consistentwithmaintaininggoodlubricationandanacceptableoilconsumption.Theseringsalsoprovideameansbywhichsurplusheatistransmittedfromthepistontothecylinderwallandthentothecoolingjacket.III.ExercisesI.TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoChinese.1．Thepistonconvertsthepotentialenergyofthefuelintokineticenergythatturnsthecrankshaft.活塞將燃料燃燒的能量轉換成驅動曲軸旋轉的動能。2．Thepistonandrodassemblytransmitsthepowerfromcombustionchambertothecrankshaft.活塞連桿組將燃燒室的能量傳遞給曲軸。3．ShankoftheconnectingrodisprovidedwithanI-crosssectiontogivetherodmaximumrigiditywiththeminimumofweight.為了使連桿得到最大的剛度和最小的重量，連桿桿身部分加工為工形結構。III.ExercisesII.TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish.1．

活塞銷裝在活塞的環(huán)形的孔里?；钊N把活塞和連桿連接起來。用來支撐活塞銷的活塞厚的部分稱為活塞銷凸臺。

Apistonpinfitsintoaroundholeinthepiston.Thepistonpinjoinsthepistontotheconnectingrod.Thethickpartofthepistonthatholdsthepistonpinisthepinboss.

2．活塞銷貫穿活塞，把連桿小頭與活塞連在一起，并將連桿保持在活塞中心的適當位置處。Thepistonpinfitsthroughonesideofthepiston,throughthesmallendoftherod,andthenthroughtheothersideofthepiston.Itholdstherodfirmlyinplaceinthecenterofthepiston.III.Exercises3．頂部的兩道保證活塞與氣缸壁間密封的環(huán)叫做氣環(huán)。底下的一道防止機油飛濺到缸筒從而竄入燃燒室的環(huán)叫做油環(huán)。Thetoptworingsaretokeepthegasesinthecylinderandarecalledcompressionrings.Theloweronepreventstheoilsplashedontothecylinderborefromenteringthecombustionchamber,andiscalledanoilring.

III.Exercisesvariablecompressionratio

縮寫VCR可變壓縮比Function:Satisfyinghighcompressionforstartingandlowercompressionunderload

III.ExercisesThankYou!Unit2-4

CrankshaftandFlywheel

ContentsPre-questionsII.Text

ExplanationIII.ExercisesPre-questionsWhat’sthecrankshaftassemblycomposedof?

crankshaftbearingstiminggearflywheelbeltpulleyPre-questionsWhatisregardedasthe“backbone”oftheengineandwhy?Crankshaft,becauseitcanchangethereciprocatingmotionofthepistonintorotarymotionandhandletheentirepoweroutput.Components：Pre-questionsrodjournalcrankshaftjournalrearendbalancedweightcrankfrontendrodjournalWhat’sthefunctionoftheflywheel?helpingtheenginetorunsmoothlybyabsorbingsomeoftheenergyduringthepowerstrokeandreleasingitduringtheotherstrokes；carryingtheclutch,whichtransmitsthedrivetothegearbox；hasthestarterringgeararounditscircumference.

Pre-questionsWhereistheflywheelintheengine?therearofthecrankshaft.

Pre-questionsthestarterringgearII.TextExplanationTheperiodicgasandinertiaforcestakenbythecrankshaftmaycauseittosufferwearandbendingordistortion.bending[bendi]

n.彎曲(度),撓度distortion[distn]n.扭曲,變形,曲解,失真譯文：周期性的氣體作用力和慣性力作用于曲軸，會使曲軸遭受磨損、彎曲或扭曲變形。Periodic[,pi?ri'?dik]adj.

周期的,周期性的;定期的時而發(fā)生的;間歇(性)的theperiodicmotionofaplanet行星的周期運動betakenby

對...很喜愛，被...迷住,被...吸引II.TextExplanationInertia

[in'?:?i?]n.1.慣性;慣量;惰性

Inertia

carriedthetrainpastthestation.

慣性使火車駛過了車站。2.不活動;遲鈍;懶惰

Igetafeelingofinertia

onahotsummerday.

在盛夏我有一種懶洋洋的感覺。II.TextExplanationInordertoreduceoreliminatesuchvibration,itmustbeprovidedwith

counterbalancedweightsthatextendradicallyfromthecrankshaftcenterlineintheoppositedirectionofthecrankarms.譯文：為了減少或消除振動，它必須裝有平衡重，而且平衡重應徑向地從曲軸中心線向曲柄相對的方向延伸安裝。II.TextExplanationeliminate[ilimineit]vt.排除,消除vibration[vaibrein]n.振動,顫動,搖動,擺動counterbalancedweight平衡重crankarm曲柄II.TextExplanationbeprovidedwith為提供…..裝備providesbwithsth=providesthforsb為某人提供什么

Sheepprovideuswithwool.羊供給我們羊毛。Theyareillprovided

withfood.他們的食品不足。II.TextExplanationAswellasitsfunctionistohelptheenginetorunsmoothlybyabsorbingsomeoftheenergyduringthepowerstrokeandreleasingitduringtheotherstrokes；譯文：（飛輪）的作用是通過吸收作功行程的能量和在其它行程釋放能量，促使發(fā)動機平穩(wěn)運轉；II.TextExplanationthepowerstroke作功行程Aswellas和，也，還

（連接詞and）Thebossprovidedlunchaswellasbreakfast.老板提供午餐還有早餐。

Shesingsaswellasplayingthepiano.她不但會彈鋼琴，而且會唱歌。

Iaswellastheyamreadytohelpyou.不僅他們愿意幫助你，我也愿意幫助你。

II.TextExplanationTherodjournalsarehollowinordertoreducethecrankshaftinertia.Therodjournals連桿軸頸譯文：為了減少曲軸的慣性，連桿軸頸是中空的。II.TextExplanationmainbearingjournalrodjournalcrankarmcounterbalancedweighttiminggearfrontandrearsealstopdeadcentermulti-cylinderenginebearingcapbeltpulleyIII.ExercisesTranslatethefollowingexpressionsintoChinese.主軸頸連桿軸頸曲柄平衡重正時齒輪前后油封上止點多缸發(fā)動機軸承皮帶輪III.Exercisescrankingclaw

timinggearmainbearingbeltpulleytortionalvibrationdamper

flywheelflywheelboltcrankshaftThecrankshaft,regardedasthe“backbone”oftheengine,servestochangethereciprocatingmotionofthepistonintorotarymotionandhandlestheentirepoweroutput.Thecrankshaftisactuallymadeupofvariouspartssuchasmainbearingjournal,rodjournal,crankarm,counterbalancedweight

andflywheel.Theconnectingrodlinksitslarge

endtothecrankshaftanditssmallendtothepiston.III.ExercisesI.TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoChinese.1．Thecrankshaft,regardedasthe“backbone”oftheengine,servestochangethereciprocatingmotionofthepistonintorotarymotionandhandlestheentirepoweroutput.曲軸作為發(fā)動機的支柱，可將活塞的往復運動轉換成旋轉運動，并且將整個能量輸出。2．Thecrankshaftiseitherforgedfromhighqualitysteelorcastinhigh-strongiron.曲軸或者是用高質量的鋼整體鑄造而成，或者是用高強度的鐵鑄成。III.Exercises3．Thenumberofbearingsusedusuallydependsonthenumberofcylindersintheengine,andthedesignoftheengine.曲軸主軸承的數(shù)量常常取決于發(fā)動機缸體的數(shù)量和發(fā)動機的設計。III.ExercisesII.TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish.1．曲軸的作用是把往復動力變?yōu)樾D動力。Thecrankshaftservestochangethereciprocatingpowerintorotarypower.2．飛輪由碳鋼制成。它