物流英語教學課件：chapter 2 Transportation

ChapterTwoTransportationText3:IntroductionofTransportationText4:MaritimeShippingSupplementaryreading:IntermodalTransportationLearningobjective

TounderstandthenatureoftransportationTolearnthefivemodesoftransportationToknowabouttheimportantfeatureofmaritimeshippingTogetfamiliarwithintermodaltransport

Text3:IntroductionofTransportation

Keyterms:transportation運輸transportationmode運輸方式roadtransportation公路運輸railtransportation鐵路運輸waterwaytransportation水路運輸 airtransportation航空運輸pipelinetransportation管道運輸 intermodaltransportation多式聯(lián)運GeneralIntroductionofTransportation

Whatistransportation?Transportationisthemovementofpeopleandgoodsfromoneplacetoanother.majormodesoftransportation:Railwaytransportation,

road

transportation,waterwaytransportation,airtransportationandpipelinetransportationIntermodaltransportationoccurswhentwomodesormoreworkcloselytogetheronaregularbasis,utilizingtheadvantageofeachothers.DiversityofTransportationModes

Roadtransportationwhatarethemostimportantcharacteristicsofroadtransportation?Answer:capableofprovidingadoortodoorserviceflexibleenoughtoperform“just-in-time”deliveryforhigher-value/lower-volumecargooverrelativelyshortdistanceIntensecompetitionRailtransportationwhatarethemostimportantcharacteristicsofrailtransportation?Answer:offerscost-effectivetransportoverlongdistancesgoodforcargoswithhighvolumeandlowvalueConsumeslessenergy

Waterwaytransportation

Waterwaytransportationincludesmaritimetransportationandrivertransportation.Themostimportantcharacteristicsofwaterwaytransportationinclude:bigcapacity,goodforlargequantityofcargosconnectsportsfromdifferentcontinentsthecleanestamongalltransportationmodesAirtransportationThemostimportantcharacteristicsofairtransportationinclude:Itofferrapid,flexibledeliveryexpensivecomparedtothechargesoflandandoceanfreightmainlyforvaluableorperishablegoodsairfreightservicestendedtobeunreliablePipelinestransportationThemostimportantcharacteristicsofpipelinetransportationinclude:designedforaspecificpurposeonly,tocarryonecommodityfromalocationtoanothereffectiveintransportinglargequantitiesofproductslinkisolatedareasofproductionwithmajorcentersofrefiningandmanufactureCompetitionbetweenTransportationModes

eachoftransportationmodehasitskeyoperationalandcommercialadvantages(SeeTable2-1).Asaresult,modescancompeteorcomplementeachotherintermsofcost,

speed,accessibility,frequency,safety,comfort,etc.翻譯:1.Transportationisthemovementofpeopleandgoodsfromoneplacetoanother.Railwaytransportation,roadtransportation,waterwaytransportation,airtransportationandpipelinetransportationmakeupthemajormodesoftransportinmodernsociety.

運輸是人和物品在兩地之間的移動?，F代社會的主要運輸方式包括鐵路運輸、公路運輸、水路運輸、航空運輸和管道運輸。2.Intermodaltransportationoccurswhentwomodesormoreworkcloselytogetheronaregularbasis,utilizingtheadvantageofeachothers.多式聯(lián)運是指兩種或兩種以上的運輸方式利用各自優(yōu)勢，進行常規(guī)的合作。3.Inroadtransportmarket,operatorsareabletouseexistingroadwayinfrastructureanddonotneedtoputinabigcapitalinvestmentaheadoftime.Hence,therearelotsofcompetitorsofferingthesamekindofservicewithcompetitiveprices.在公路運輸市場中，承運人可以使用現有的公路設施，無須先進行大量的資本投入。因此這個市場中競爭者很多，他們以有競爭力的價格提供相似的服務。4.Railoffersthecost-effectivetransportoflargequantitiesofcargosoverlongdistances.Itisespeciallygoodforcargoswithhighvolumeandlowvalue,suchascoal,timberandgrain.鐵路為大宗貨物的長距離運輸提供經濟的運輸服務。體積大、價值低的貨物，比如煤炭、木材和谷物，特別適合使用鐵路進行運輸。5.Itofferrapid,flexibledelivery,butitisalsoperceivedasexpensivecomparedtothechargesoflandandoceanfreight.Bulkycargowithlowunitvaluecannotaffordtoshipbyair.它能提供快速、靈活、機動的運輸服務，但是大家認為和水陸貨物運輸相比，航空費用昂貴。低值而體積大的貨物難以承受航空運輸的價格6.Asaresult,modescancompeteorcomplementeachotherintermsofcost,speed,accessibility,frequency,safety,comfort,etc.因此，運輸方式之間能夠在成本、速度、可得性、經常性（服務頻率）、安全性和舒適程度等方面相互競爭或補充。TopicforDiscussion:

討論話題1.Discusstheimportantroletransportationplaysinlogisticssystem.2.Thepicturebelowshowsusthecapacitydifferencesofavarietyoftransportmodes,pleasediscuss:whyarethesedifferencesimportanttous?Text4MaritimeShipping

Keytermsmaritimeshipping海洋運輸 bulkcargo散裝貨物break-bulkcargo件雜貨 bulkcarrier散貨船generalcargoship雜貨船 rollon-rolloff(RORO)vessels滾裝船charterservices不定期租船服務 linerservices班輪服務MaritimeFreight

Maritimefreightisconsideredintwocategories:bulkcargoandbreakbulkcargo.BulkcargoBulkcargoreferstofreight,bothdryorliquid,thatisnotpackaged,suchasminerals(oil,coal,ironore)andgrains.Break-bulkcargoBreak-bulkcargoreferstogeneralcargothathasbeenpackagedinsomewayswiththeuseofbags,boxesordrums.CargoShips

BulkcarriersBulkcarriersareshipsdesignedtocarryspecificcommoditiesandaredifferentiatedintoliquidbulkanddrybulkvesselsTheyincludethelargestvesselsafloatGeneralcargoships

Generalcargoshipsarevesselsdesignedtocarrynon-bulkcargoes(break-bulkcargoes)Thetraditionalshipswerelessthan10000dwt(deadweightton)Morerecentlythesevesselshavebeenreplacedbycontainerships.Whyso?Rollon-rolloff(RORO)vessels

ROROvesselsaredesignedtoallowcars,trucksandtrainstobeloadeddirectlyonboardOriginallyappearingasferries,thesevesselsareusedondeep-seatradesandaremuchlargerthanthetypicalferryShippingServices

Charterservices(alsoknownasTramp).Inthisformofservice,amaritimecompanyrentsashipforaspecificpurpose,commonlybetweenspecificportsoforiginanddestinationCharterserviceisnotablyusedinthecaseofbulkcargoLinerservices.Lineroffershippingspace,ascommoncarriers,onshipsplayingalongfixedroutesonregularscheduleprincipallyengagedincarryinggeneralcargoinrelativelysmallshipmentsandlimitedvolumesTheDrawbacksofMaritimeShipping

Readthelastparagraphofthetextandfindoutwhatarethemaindrawbacksofmaritimeshipping?Answer:Itisslowcomparedwithothertransportmodesloadingandunloadingtakeslotsoftimeandcancausedelay

Notes:1.Itoftenrequirestheuseofspecializedshipssuchasoiltankersaswellasspecializedtransshipmentandstoragefacilities.這常常需要使用到專用船，比如油船或其他專用轉運設備和存儲設施。2.Beforecontainerization,economiesofscaleweredifficulttoachievewithbreak-bulkcargoastheloadingandunloadingprocesswasverylaborandtimeconsuming.在運輸集裝箱化之前，件雜貨運輸難以實現規(guī)模效應，因為裝、卸過程要耗費大量的人力和時間。

3.Thelargesttankers,theUltraLargeCrudeCarriers(ULCC)areupto500000deadweighttons(dwt),withthemoretypicalsizebeingbetween250000and350000dwt最大的一種油輪——特大型油輪，最高能達到500000載重噸，一般在3000000到350000載重噸之間。4．Lineroffershippingspace,ascommoncarriers,onshipsplayingalongfixedroutesonregularschedule,principallyengagedincarryinggeneralcargoinrelativelysmallshipmentsandlimitedvolumes.

作為公共承運人，班輪公司安排船舶按固定的航線和固定的船期表提供運輸服務并提供貨位。5.However,technicalimprovementstendtoblurthedistinctionbetweenbulkandbreak-bulkcargo,asbothcanbeunitizedonpalletsandcontainers.

然而，技術的進步開始使散貨運輸和件雜貨物運輸之間的區(qū)別變得模糊，因為托盤和集裝箱在這兩類貨物的運輸上都可以應用。Exercises:

PleasetranslatethefollowingEnglishsentencesintoChinese1.Roadtransportiswidelyusedintheinlanddeliveryofgoods.Itiscapableofprovidingadoortodoorservicewithoutanybreakinthejourneytochangefromonevehicletoanother.2.Thestrengthofwaterwaytransportdoesnotrestonitsspeed,butonitscapacityandcontinuityofitstraffic.3.Airtransporthasbeenincreasedtremendouslyandplaysamoreimportantroleingloballogisticsthaneverbefore.Althoughitstillaccountsforaverysmallpercentageofcargotransportation,itsgrowthrateinrecentyearsisthehighestamongthemodesof