H-科技英語(yǔ)翻譯

BACK世紀(jì)商務(wù)英語(yǔ)翻譯教程TranslationCourse山東教育學(xué)院外語(yǔ)系Unit1Signs標(biāo)識(shí)實(shí)用文體翻譯TheTranslationofEST科技英語(yǔ)翻譯Assignment-Checking1.6.2

父親老是要母親記家用賬。父親自己是個(gè)天生有條理的人，又受過(guò)健全商業(yè)訓(xùn)練。除了他公事房里的賬簿以外，他在家里也有一整套賬簿——現(xiàn)金賬，日記賬，分類賬——一筆筆都分別登記。把他家里的分類賬打開一看，立刻就知道這個(gè)月或是這一年他在衣服或是俱樂(lè)部或是雪茄煙上各自花了多少錢。一個(gè)個(gè)項(xiàng)目都列出來(lái)。他知道哪一項(xiàng)用度和往年的同一項(xiàng)目比較起來(lái)怎么樣，要是他允許這一處的數(shù)目升點(diǎn)兒上去，他能在另一個(gè)地方把它壓點(diǎn)兒下來(lái)。（呂叔湘譯）TermsEST(EnglishforScienceandTechnology)科技英語(yǔ)ScientificTexts/ScientificProse(fromapointofviewofstylistic)科技文本/科技散文TranslationofEST/TranslationofScientificTexts科技英語(yǔ)翻譯/科技文體翻譯EST

Inabroadsense,ESTcoversanythingrelatedtoscienceandtechnology,bothinwrittenandspokenforms.1)科技著述、科技論文和報(bào)告、實(shí)驗(yàn)報(bào)告和方案;2)各類科技情報(bào)和文字資料;3)科技實(shí)用手冊(cè)(OperativeMeans,包括儀器、儀表、機(jī)械、工具等等)的結(jié)構(gòu)描述和操作規(guī)程;4)有關(guān)科技問(wèn)題的會(huì)談、會(huì)議、交談的用語(yǔ);5)有關(guān)科技的影片、錄像等有聲資料的解說(shuō)詞,等等LexicalFeaturesofEST

LexicalFeaturesofESTFrequentUseof1)Terminology/ScientificWords2)NominalizationTerminology

Terminology1)Propernouns2)Theborrowingofdailywords3)NewwordsandexpressionsbasedonmodernEnglishword-formationProperNounsPropernounsforacertainmajoronlyhertz赫茲volt伏特hydroxide氫氧化物anode陽(yáng)極annealing退火isotope同位素Alfonol16(一種鐵鋁合金,其中鋁合金含量為16%)Unipizeo(美國(guó)制造的鐵氧體軟磁材料)Theborrowingofdailywordsoperation操作運(yùn)算(ComputerScience)手術(shù)(Medicine)作戰(zhàn)(Military)ceiling天花板、頂板絕對(duì)升限/最大飛行高度(aeronautics航空學(xué))云幕高度(meteorology氣象學(xué))風(fēng)值電壓(electricity電學(xué))Theborrowingofdailywordstransmission傳遞/傳達(dá)(dailyusage)發(fā)射/播送(aterminradioengineering)傳動(dòng)(inmechanicalengineering)透射(inphysics)遺傳(inmedicalscience)Theborrowingofdailywordsderivative派生物(dailyusage)衍生物(inchemistry)導(dǎo)數(shù)/微商(inmathematics)金融衍生工具(inbusinessactivity)loop環(huán)/圈回路(inradioengineering)節(jié)育環(huán)(medicalscience)循環(huán)(inmetrology)實(shí)戰(zhàn)concentrationA)Electrodepotentialdependsontheconcentrationoftheions.B)Thedeterminationoftraceconcentrationsofmercuryinmineralsisdescribed.C)Aconcentrationprocessisimportantnowthatthedepletionofhighgradeoresispossibility.TranslationA)Electrodepotentialdependsontheconcentrationoftheions.電極電位決定于離子濃度。(chemistry)B)Thedeterminationoftraceconcentrationsofmercuryinmineralsisdescribed.

文章論述礦物中痕量汞的測(cè)定。(measurementinphysics)C)Aconcentrationprocessisimportantnowthatthedepletionofhighgradeoresispossibility.由于目前高品位的礦石可能用完,富集過(guò)程是重要的。(metallurgy)NewwordsandexpressionsbasedonmodernEnglishword-formation

(1)Compoundingorcomposition,theprocessbywhichtwoindependentwordsareputtogethertomakeanewwords.(2)Affixation(3)Blending(4)Acronym(5)Borrowing(6)Clipping,Back-Formation,Coinage,FunctionalShift&transliterationofforeignlanguages(1)Compoundingorcompositiontheprocessbywhichtwoindependentwordsareputtogethertomakeanewwords.fallout放射性塵埃Laserbomb激光炸彈Fallout放射性塵埃Splashdown濺落Waterlock水閘Thunderstorm雷暴Moonwalk月面行走Groundzero地面零點(diǎn)位置Cruisemissile巡航導(dǎo)彈CompoundingorcompositionBlackhole黑洞Fox-bat狐幅式戰(zhàn)斗機(jī)(米格-25)Lunarmodule登月艙Biologicalclock生物鐘

Salt-former鹵素Heatwave熱浪hot-press熱壓(2)Affixationaprocessofword-formationbywhichwordsareformedbyaddingaffixes(prefixesandsuffixes)toaroot.Antibody（anti-）抗體antimatter（anti-）反物質(zhì)antiproton（anti-）反質(zhì)子Antismog(anti-)反煙霧Antipollution(anti-）反污染Antihyperon(anti-）反超子Anticyclone(anti-)反氣旋Nonaddict,（anti-）吸毒未成癮者nondegradable,（anti-）不可降解的Microeconomics（anti-）微觀經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)AffixationMicroinstruction(micro-)微指令Macroeconomics(macro-)宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)Macroinstruction(macro-)宏指令Telerama(-rama)大屏幕電視機(jī)Cinerama(-rama)全景電影Anthropology(-logy)人類學(xué)Translatology(-logy)翻譯學(xué)Fururology(-logy)未來(lái)學(xué)Ecology(-logy）生態(tài)學(xué)AffixationEthnomycology(-logy）人種真菌學(xué)Escapology(-logy）逃生術(shù)bronchitis(-itis)支氣管炎arthritis(-itis)關(guān)節(jié)炎Else:thermo-（熱）

electro-（電）aero-（空氣）carbo-（碳）hydro-（水，氫）-ite（礦物）-maia（熱，狂）(3)Blending

Advertistrcs(advertising+statistics)廣告統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)Altiport(altitude+airport)高山短距離起落機(jī)場(chǎng)Lunacast(lunar+telecast)登月電視廣播Smog(smoke+fog)煙霧Chunnel(channel+tunnel)海峽隧道Comsat(communications+satellite)通信衛(wèi)星Ballute(balloon+parachute)減速氣球Comint(communications+intelligence)通信情報(bào)Humint(human+intelligence)間諜情報(bào)Amerind(American+Indian)美洲印第安人Telediagnosis(television+diagnosis)遠(yuǎn)程診斷Carbecue(car+barbeque)熱壓熔化廢舊汽車的裝置BlendingHumint(human+intelligence)間諜情報(bào)Amerind(American+Indian)美洲印第安人Telediagnosis(television+diagnosis)遠(yuǎn)程診斷Carbecue(car+barbeque)熱壓熔化廢舊汽車的裝置Biorhythm（biological+rhythm）生理節(jié)奏Mechnochenistry（michanical+chimistry）機(jī)械化學(xué)Telex（teleprinter+exchange）電傳Medicare（medical+care）醫(yī)療保健Escalirt（escalator+lift）自動(dòng)電梯(4)AcronymLaser(lightamplificationbystimulatedemissionofradiation)激光ADP(automaticdataprocessing)自動(dòng)數(shù)據(jù)處理DC(directcurrent)直流電IC(integratedcircuit)集成電路AC(alternatingcurrent)交流電KWIC(key-word-in-context）關(guān)鍵字在文內(nèi)KWOC(key-word-out-of-context)關(guān)鍵字在文首CPU(CentralProcessorUnity)(5)BorrowingAlfvenwave（阿爾文波）－HannesAlfvenChandler’swobble(錢德拉波動(dòng)說(shuō)）－SethCarloChandlerKuru（庫(kù)魯癲癇癥）-KurnHighlands（庫(kù)魯高地）IBMSystem-InternationalBusinessMachinesCorporation(美國(guó)國(guó)際商業(yè)機(jī)器公司）Mace（邁斯神經(jīng)鎮(zhèn)靜劑）---Tomace（v)(abrandname)Toxerox,xeroxer-Xerox(靜電復(fù)制）(abrandname)Ohm(歐姆）amp（安培）diesel（內(nèi)燃機(jī)）hamburgercardigan(開襟羊毛衫）(6)Clipping,Back-Formation,Coinage,FunctionalShift&transliterationofforeignlanguages

Clipping:laboratory-labBack-Formation:Laser-tolaseCoinage:Quark夸克FunctionalShift：tocontacttheterminalGene(fromGerman)TranslationofTechnicalTerms

名從主人，譯者加注（１）liberaltranslation譯其義得其名Bourgeoisie布爾喬亞資產(chǎn)階級(jí)Vitamin維他命維生素Laser萊塞激光Couple對(duì)、偶電偶、力偶（２）transliteration譯其音得其名（３）liberaltranslation+transliteration因形見義(注釋性音譯)Mastic瑪蹄脂TheVistula維斯杜拉河Pumi普米族TranslationofTechnicalTerms(4)Translationofacronym&blendingwordsLibeltranslation&transliteration(析出原詞,再順序遞加詞義)Laser(radiodetectingandranging)無(wú)線電定位和測(cè)距PERT(ProgramEvaluationReviewTechnique)計(jì)劃評(píng)價(jià)檢查技術(shù)CTOL(conventionaltake-offandlanding)常規(guī)起飛和著陸Multivider=multiply+divider簡(jiǎn)便乘除計(jì)算器programatic=program+automatic能自動(dòng)編制程序的(5)fixedversionGreenwich格林威治(6)ChineseCorrespondence/equivalenceThePlough北斗星ThePluto冥王星Tinplate馬口鐵Zincplate白鐵皮Marijuana大麻NominalizationToturnverbsintonounswithactionsinvolved.Tochangeverbalphrasesorsentencesintonounphrases.NominalizationAirmovesthemotionofairToapplyforcetheapplicationofforceanalyticalchemistsdeveloptheequipmentthedevelopmentoftheequipmentbyanalyticalchemistsNominalization(1)阿基米德最先發(fā)現(xiàn)固體排水的原理．Archimedesfirstdiscoveredtheprinciplethatwaterisdisplacedbysolidbodies.Archimedesfirstdiscoveredtheprincipleofdisplacementofwaterbysolidbodies.(Theoriginalappositiveclauseissimplifiedandthefact“displacement”isemphasized)Nominalization(2)地球繞軸自轉(zhuǎn)，引起晝夜變化．Theearthrotatesonitsownaxis,whichcausesthechangefromdaytonight.Therotationoftheearthonitsownaxiscausesthechangefromdaytonight.(Theideatobeconveyedismuchclearer.)Nominalization(1)Rocketshavefoundapplicationfortheexplorationoftheuniverse.火箭已被用來(lái)探索宇宙。(2)Theadditionof2percentsodiumcarbonatetoboilingwaterincreasesthebactericideeffect.在沸水中加入2%的碳酸鈉會(huì)增加殺菌效果。(3)Thetestingofmachinesbythismethodentailssomelossofpower.

用這種方法實(shí)驗(yàn)機(jī)器會(huì)損失一些功率。Nominalization(4)Failuretofixthesesymbolsinmindkeepsstudentsfrommasteringthemathematicalsubjectstheytakeup.由于未能記住這些符號(hào),使得許多學(xué)生無(wú)法掌握他們選修的教學(xué)課程。(5)Thishighercostisnotentirelyduetotheshapeofthepart,ortheuseofamoreexpensivemetal.成本較高不完全是由于部件的形狀,也不是由于使用的金屬比較昂貴。NominalizationDespitealltheimprovements,rubberstillhasanumberoflimitations.盡管改進(jìn)了很多，但合成橡膠仍有一些缺陷。Highprecisionimpliesahighdegreeofexactnessbutwithnoimplicationastoaccuracy.高精度意味著高度的精確度，但并不表明具有準(zhǔn)確性。NominalizationAllthesefactorsplayakeyroleinformulationofthemodel.在擬定模型時(shí)，所有這些因素都將起到關(guān)鍵性的作用。Thefirststepinthesolutionofanydynamicalproblemistheselectionofanappropriatecoordinatesystem.在解任何一個(gè)動(dòng)力學(xué)運(yùn)算題時(shí)要做的第一步就是選擇一個(gè)合適的坐標(biāo)。NominalizationAchickenisasuitablespecimenforthestudyofthegeneralexternalfeaturesofabird.雞是研究禽類外部特征的合適范例。Theflowofelectronsisfromthenegativezincplatetothepositivecopperplate.電子從負(fù)的鋅極流向正的銅極。

1.TranslationofTechnicalTermsliquidcrystalwaterjacketcomputerlanguagemachinebuildinglinearmeasurecivilengineeringaircraftmetalworkpowerplantcast-ironconveyer-beltmachine-mademaintenancepropellercounterbalanceantibodycontradictiondischargeimbalancenon-metalhydro-electricextra-terrestrialdecontrolultrasonicsubsystemunbarnon-ferrous2.Nominalization1)Particularattentionshouldbegiventohosestoensurethatchafingdoesnotoccur.2)Theprimaryconcernofelectricalengineeringisthedoingofworkbythedeliveryofenergy.3)Genepiracyisnotnew.4)Allplantsandanimalsneedcarbonforgrowth.KeysLiquidcrystal

液晶Waterjacket水套Computerlanguage

計(jì)算機(jī)語(yǔ)言Machinebuilding

機(jī)器制造Linearmeasure

長(zhǎng)度單位Civilengineering

土木工程Aircraft飛機(jī)KeysMetalwork

金屬制品Powerplant

發(fā)電站Cast-iron

鑄鐵Conveyer-belt

傳送帶Machine-made

機(jī)制的Maintenance

維修KeysPropeller

推進(jìn)器Counterbalance

反平衡Antibody

抗體Contradiction

矛盾Discharge

放電Imbalance

不平衡KeysNon-metal

非金屬Hydro-electric

發(fā)電Extra-terrestrial

行星際的Decontrol

取消控制Ultrasonic

超聲的Subsystem

分系統(tǒng)Unbar

清除障礙Non-ferrous有色金屬的2.Nominalization1)Particularattentionshouldbegiventohosestoensurethatchafingdoesnotoccur.要特別注意軟管，保證沒(méi)有擦傷。（動(dòng)詞派生名詞）2)Theprimaryconcernofelectricalengineeringisthedoingofworkbythedeliveryofenergy.電工學(xué)主要關(guān)注的是通過(guò)輸送能量做功的情況。2.Nominalization3)Genepiracyisnotnew.竊取基因不是新鮮事。4)Allplantsandanimalsneedcarbonforgrowth.所有的動(dòng)植物均需要碳才能生長(zhǎng)。SyntacticFeaturesofEST1.Non-deviationfromBasicGrammar---thepresenttense(esp.thesimplepresenttense)2.ImpersonalStyle---frequentuseofpassivevoicetheobjects,substancesandprocessesthefocusofattentionratherthanthepeopleoperatingwiththempassivevoice---preferableforonetokeepneutralandobjectiveSyntacticFeaturesofEST3.FrequentUseofNon-restrictiveVerbs(todo,doing,done)4.CommonUseofConditional&Imperative(條件句,祈使句較多)5.Adjectivephrasesasattribute(普遍使用形容詞短語(yǔ)作后置定語(yǔ))6.FrequentEmploymentofLong,ComplexSentencesSimplePresentTenseThislawappliestoallclassesoflevers.這個(gè)定律適用于各類杠桿。Allbodieshaveinertia.所有物體都具有慣性。(laws,rules,conclusions,truth---simplepresenttense)Peoplediscoveredelectricityagoodmanyyearsago.人們很久以前就發(fā)現(xiàn)了電。Theancientpeoplecountedwithstones.古代人用石子記數(shù)。

(tointroducewhatwasdoneinthepastsuchasinvention,creation,etc.---simplepasttense)PassiveVoice&itsTranslationMorethan1/3verbs---passivevoice

Asoilisfounddeepintheground,itspresencecannotbedeterminedbyastudyofthesurface.Consequently,ageologicalsurveyoftheundergroundrockstructuremustbecarriedout.Ifitisthoughtthattherocksinacertainareacontainoil,a“drillingrig”isassembled.

Themostobviouspartofadrillingrigiscalled“aderrick”.Itisusedtoliftsectionsofpipe,whichareloweredintotheholemadebythedrill.Astheholeisbeingdrilled,asteelpipeispusheddowntopreventthesidesfromfallingin.Ifoilisstruck,acoverisfirmlyfixedtothetopofthepipeandtheoilisallowedtoescapethroughaseriesofvalues.石油埋藏于地層深處。因此,僅研究地層表面,無(wú)法確定有無(wú)石油,必須勘測(cè)地下的巖石結(jié)構(gòu)。如果確定了某一區(qū)域的巖石蘊(yùn)藏著石油,就此安裝鉆機(jī)。它的主要部分是機(jī)架,用以撐起一節(jié)一節(jié)的鋼管,讓其下到井孔。一邊鉆井,一邊下鋼管,以防周圍土層塌陷。一旦出油,就緊固管蓋,讓油從各個(gè)閥門噴出。Non-restrictiveVerbs/Non-finiteVerbs&(todo,doing,done)

todo:infinitive(不定式);doing:-ingparticiple(現(xiàn)在分詞);gerund(動(dòng)名詞);done:-edparticiple(過(guò)去分詞)Todaytheelectroniccomputeriswidelyusedinsolvingmathematicalproblemshavingtodowithweatherforecastingandputtingsatellitesintoorbit.今天,電子計(jì)算機(jī)廣泛地運(yùn)用于解決一些數(shù)學(xué)問(wèn)題,這些問(wèn)題與天氣預(yù)報(bào)和衛(wèi)星送入軌道有關(guān)。Non-restrictiveVerbs/Non-finiteVerbs(todo,doing,done)

Numericalcontrolmachinesaremostusefulwhenquantitiesofproductstobeproducedarelowormedium;thetapecontainingtheinformationrequiredtoproducethepartcanbestored,reusedormodifiedwhenrequired.少量或中量地生產(chǎn)產(chǎn)品時(shí),數(shù)控機(jī)是極為有用的,錄用生產(chǎn)零件必需資料的磁帶可以存放起來(lái),需要時(shí),還可重新使用或修改。CommonUseofConditional&Imperative(常用條件句祈使句)1)Condition:real&unrealconditionIf/incase,incaseof/intheeventofsth.,onconditionthat,provided/providingthat,aslongas,onlyif…(tone:mild&prudent委婉慎重)E.g.Iftherewerenoattraction,theelectronwouldflyawayfromtheprotoninastraightline.如果沒(méi)有吸引力,電子會(huì)以直線方向飛離質(zhì)子。CommonUseofConditionalAsuddenlossofliftwillbeexperiencedincasetheaircraftspeedfallsbelowacertainlevel.如果飛機(jī)速度降到一定水平以下,就會(huì)突然失去升力。Incaseofanoil-pumpfailure,themovingpartswillbecomeoverheated.假如油泵失靈,運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)部件就會(huì)過(guò)熱。Intheeventoffog,aircraftcanbeguideddowntotherunwayfromthecontroltower.萬(wàn)一有霧,飛機(jī)可以由指揮塔引導(dǎo)降落到跑道上。CommonUseofConditionalTheenginecanberunatveryhighspeedsonconditionthevibrationscanbedampedout.這部發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)可以很高速度運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn),條件是能夠把震動(dòng)降低。Aslongasarocketburnsenoughfueltoprovidesufficientthrust,itwillcontributetoincreaseinspeed.只要火箭燃燒足夠的燃料使它產(chǎn)生足夠的推力,它就會(huì)不斷加速。CommonUseofImperative(祈使句的翻譯)常用于說(shuō)明書、操作規(guī)程、作業(yè)指導(dǎo)、程序建議和注意事項(xiàng)等資料中。有時(shí)也用“should”和“must”來(lái)表示這種語(yǔ)氣。Allowthewatertocoolfortenminutesandthenmakethetemperature.讓水冷卻10分鐘,然后再測(cè)溫度。Themachinesshouldbehandledwithgreatcare.這些機(jī)器應(yīng)小心輕放。Thesurfacemustbecleaned.表面必須清掃干凈。AdjectivePhrasesasAttribute(形容詞短語(yǔ)作后置定語(yǔ))Tomakesentencecompact,briefandterse(簡(jiǎn)潔緊湊)Asashipisloaded,itsinksdeeperintothewater,displacinganadditionalamountofwaterequaltotheweightoftheaddedload.船裝了貨吃水更深,其排開的附加水量等于所裝貨的重量。Non-mobilerobots,capableoflearningtoperformanindustrialtaskandthenofbeinglefttoperformittirelessly,areevennowinuseinindustrialplantsallovertheworld.不能行走的機(jī)器人能學(xué)會(huì)做工,并能孜孜不倦地工作,今天在世界各地的工廠里得到了使用。1)Allbodiesconsistofmoleculesandtheseofatoms.譯文一:所有的物體都是由分子組成,而分子又是由原子組成.譯文二:所有的物體都由分子和原子所組成. 譯文二沒(méi)有準(zhǔn)確地再現(xiàn)原文內(nèi)容,明顯違背分子和原子是包括和被包括的關(guān)系,兩者不可并列這一常識(shí),因此談不上真實(shí).譯文一忠實(shí)地再現(xiàn)了原文的內(nèi)容及其審美品質(zhì). 譯文的真實(shí)與否并不一定和譯文與原文在結(jié)構(gòu)形式上的接近程度成正比,如果能找到和原文形式完全一致的表達(dá)方式,那是最好不過(guò)了;可能更多的時(shí)候要跳出原文形式,采取靈活的表達(dá)方法,再現(xiàn)真實(shí)之美.

2)Asthelastresort,conditionspermitting,wemayseekathomemedicalservice,namely,diagnosisandtreatmentfromabroad,touseaprofessionalterminology,telesatdiag,ascomparedwithvis-a-visconsultation,say,inanill-equipped,poorlystaffedhospital,particularly,onanacute,severeor,inPhysician'sview,unidentifiedcase,undoubtedlyamosteffectivetherapeuticdeviceavailable.(周鐵成,1996) 譯文一:作為最后一搏,條件許可,我們可以謀求在家的醫(yī)療服務(wù),也就是從海外尋求診斷和治療,用一個(gè)專業(yè)術(shù)語(yǔ):電視衛(wèi)星診斷,比面對(duì)面諮詢相比較,比如說(shuō)在不良設(shè)備,窮的醫(yī)院里診斷,在醫(yī)生的意見,無(wú)法明確的案例,毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)是嚴(yán)重最有效的醫(yī)療手段. 譯文二:如果條件許可,還可以采取最后的辦法,那就是身居國(guó)內(nèi)而向國(guó)外求醫(yī),診斷和治療,用專業(yè)術(shù)語(yǔ)來(lái)說(shuō),也就是電視衛(wèi)星診斷.與面診相比,(比如說(shuō)在一個(gè)設(shè)備不良,醫(yī)務(wù)人員水平不高的醫(yī)院里,診斷那種急性,重癥或是醫(yī)師認(rèn)為病因不明的病例,)電視衛(wèi)星診斷無(wú)疑是一種非常有效的醫(yī)療診斷手段. 譯文一令人費(fèi)解,原因是譯者死扣原文字面的句子結(jié)構(gòu),追求字字相符,沒(méi)有考慮漢語(yǔ)的習(xí)慣.譯文二既通順又忠實(shí)于原文,讀后給人以一種美的享受,這其中關(guān)鍵在于譯者沒(méi)有拘泥于原文結(jié)構(gòu),采取了一種讀者樂(lè)于接受的表達(dá)形式.

3)Itisacommonpropertyofanymatterthatisexpandedwhenitisheatedanditcontractswhencooled.(劉文俊,1994) 譯文一:任何物質(zhì),如果遇到熱,它就會(huì)膨脹,如果遇到冷,它就會(huì)收縮,這是共性. 譯文二:熱脹冷縮是所有物質(zhì)的共性.5)Inordertoovercomeoneoftheproblemswithspacestation,namelythatofweightlessness,thewheelwouldhavetobespunatalowspeed.Themotionwouldcreateacertainamountofcentrifugalforce,counteractingthefeelingofweightlessness.(黃忠廉,1996) 譯文一:太空站上要解決的問(wèn)題之一即是無(wú)重量問(wèn)題,該輪盤必須低速運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)這種旋轉(zhuǎn)會(huì)產(chǎn)生一定大小的離心力,從而抵消無(wú)重量的感覺(jué). 譯文二:太空站要解決的問(wèn)題之一即是失重問(wèn)題,輪盤形太空站必須低速運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn),這種旋轉(zhuǎn)會(huì)產(chǎn)生一定大小的離心力,從而抵消失重感.科技翻譯以傳達(dá)資訊為目的,不可能不考慮資訊的傳遞效果.這就要求譯文與接受者因素方面協(xié)調(diào)一致.不同文化背景下的讀者審美的視角不同,漢語(yǔ)中認(rèn)為美的,英語(yǔ)中未必如此,每種語(yǔ)言都有各自的優(yōu)勢(shì),每種文化的讀者都認(rèn)為自己的語(yǔ)言是美的,富有表現(xiàn)力,因此語(yǔ)言表達(dá)有著不同的審美標(biāo)準(zhǔn),從而產(chǎn)生不同的審美傾向,這就要求譯者應(yīng)該用本民族的思維方式來(lái)表達(dá)原文的思維內(nèi)容,以求譯文自然之美. 6)Actionisequaltoreaction,butitactsinacontrarydirection.(劉文俊,1994) 譯文一:作用與反作用相等,但它們向相反的方向起作用. 譯文二:作用力與反作用力大小相等,方向相反. 譯文二在內(nèi)容上忠實(shí)于原文,做到了準(zhǔn)確;在形式上做到了簡(jiǎn)潔,表達(dá)有力,而且采用了漢語(yǔ)四字格的對(duì)比修辭手法,使譯文產(chǎn)生了和諧之美.

7)Theelectronicdevicesareusedincomputersasswitchesthatsimpleturnonandoff. 譯文一:這些電子器件在電腦中起開關(guān)作用,只是打開和關(guān)掉而已. 譯文二:這些電子器件在電腦中起開關(guān)作用,只是開開關(guān)關(guān)而已. 兩者相比較,譯文二的聲音協(xié)調(diào),讀起來(lái)通順,譯文的這種音韻和諧之美是不言自明的.（四）詞序處理法英漢兩種語(yǔ)言的詞序規(guī)則基本相同，但也存在著某些差別。不同的英語(yǔ)句子，在翻譯中的詞序處理方式也常常不同。例如：Aninsufficientpowersupplymakesthemotorimmovable.電源不足就會(huì)使馬達(dá)停轉(zhuǎn)。這里將“insufficientpower”(不足電源)改序翻譯為“電源不足”較為合理。

（五）科技術(shù)語(yǔ)的譯法工程英語(yǔ)中有大量的科技術(shù)語(yǔ)，而且科學(xué)性、技術(shù)性和專業(yè)性很強(qiáng)?？萍夹g(shù)語(yǔ)的譯法有意譯、音譯、象形譯和原形譯4種。例如Finalasbuiltdrawings竣工圖，firstaidbox急救箱，centrifugalforce離心力，gearbox齒輪箱、變速箱。

長(zhǎng)句和復(fù)雜句的翻譯

1.科技英語(yǔ)中長(zhǎng)句和復(fù)雜句的分類ClassificationandAnalysisoflongandcomplexsentencesinEST.

a)Sentencewithanumberofsubordinateclauseofdifferentlevles.

eg:PerhapsthefactorthatmakesapositiveoutcomemostlikelyistheclearrecognitionbytheJapanesegovernmentandbusinesscommunitythatthereisanemergentneedforinnovation,andawideagreementthatthenationalinterestrequiredthatmajoreffortbeconcentratedinthisarea.

科技英語(yǔ)中長(zhǎng)句和復(fù)雜句翻譯

的基本方法技巧英譯漢長(zhǎng)句翻譯的關(guān)鍵在于兩點(diǎn)：一是對(duì)原文的準(zhǔn)確理解，二是恰如其分的表達(dá)。理解階段可分為3個(gè)步驟：1.扼要擬出全句的主要輪廓；2.辨清該句的主從結(jié)構(gòu)，并根據(jù)上下文領(lǐng)會(huì)全句的要旨；3.找出句與句之間的從屬關(guān)系，理清每句原文的意思。表達(dá)可分為2個(gè)步驟進(jìn)行：1.試將每個(gè)劃開的單句逐一翻譯；2.將譯出的句子進(jìn)行調(diào)整、組合，對(duì)譯文作加工潤(rùn)色。

最常見的長(zhǎng)句處理方法是化整為零，分散解決。此外，還有拆譯法、插入標(biāo)點(diǎn)法、重組法等。對(duì)于譯者來(lái)說(shuō)，最重要的問(wèn)題是怎樣把握好譯文的要點(diǎn)，安排好譯文的框架結(jié)構(gòu)，形成準(zhǔn)確、通順的譯文。除了準(zhǔn)確理解原文之外，譯文的成功與否很大程度上取決于譯者的母語(yǔ)的駕馭能力以及對(duì)翻譯技巧的靈活運(yùn)用。

2)Plasticsismadefromwaterwhichisanaturalresourceinexhaustibleandavailableeverywhere,coalwhichcanbeminedthroughautomaticandmechanicalprocessesatlesscostandlimewhichcanbeobtainedfromthecalcinationoflimestonewidelypresentinnature.

塑料是由水、煤和石灰制成的。水是取之不盡的到處可以獲得的天然資源；煤是用自動(dòng)化和機(jī)械化的方法開采的，成本較低；石灰是由煅燒自然界中廣泛存在的石灰石得來(lái)的。

3)Steelisusuallymadewheretheironoreissmelted,sothatthemodernsteelworksformsacompleteunity,takinginrawmaterialsandproducingalltypesofcastironandsteel,eitherforsendingtootherworksforfurthertreatment,orasfinishedproductssuchasjoistsandotherconsumers.

通常煉鐵的地方也煉鋼。因此，現(xiàn)代煉鋼廠是一個(gè)配套的整體，運(yùn)進(jìn)原料，生產(chǎn)各種類型的鑄鐵與鋼材；有的送往其他工廠進(jìn)一步加工處理，有的就地制成成品，如工字鋼及其他一些成材。

2.拆譯法

這種方法是指將原文中的某一部分（如單詞、短語(yǔ)或從句）提取出來(lái)單獨(dú)處理，或放在譯文句首，或放在譯文句末，它既不同于倒置法，又有別于切分法，可用于保持原文的語(yǔ)氣。

1)ThenumberoftheyoungpeopleintheUnitedStateswhocannotreadisincredible-aboutoneinfour.

大約有四分之一的美國(guó)青年人沒(méi)有閱讀能力，這簡(jiǎn)直令人難以置信！(將單詞拆分出來(lái)翻譯)

2)TheforeignvisitorswatchedinafascinatedmannerthetournamentheldinBeijing,whichexhibitedasuperbperformanceinsmashservice,twistservice,steadyservice,highdropandkillingandendedinadraw.

外賓觀看了在北京舉行的這場(chǎng)錦標(biāo)賽。這場(chǎng)比賽在發(fā)扣球、旋轉(zhuǎn)球、保險(xiǎn)球、吊球和扣殺方面技術(shù)都十分精湛，最后打成平局。他們看得簡(jiǎn)直入迷了。(將單短語(yǔ)分出來(lái)翻譯)

3)The