初中英語語法-代詞(新)

初中英語語法之

——代詞篇代詞的分類

人稱代詞

物主代詞

反身代詞

不定代詞

指示代詞

疑問代詞

人稱代詞：人稱代詞代替人和事物的名稱,分為主格和賓格兩種形式。

1.人稱代詞作主語時用主格，作賓語時用賓格

Theyalllikehimverymuch.

他們都很喜歡他。

Shegavethebookstoyouandme.

這些書是她送給你和我的。

2.人稱代詞在并列使用時的順序為“第二人稱，第三人稱，第一人稱”

You,sheandIallenjoythemusic.

你我她都喜歡音樂。She的用法：she可以用來代表國家、船只、大地、月亮等

Weloveourmotherland,wehopeshe’llbestrongerandbigger.

我們熱愛我們的祖國,我們希望她更強大。

Theshipisleaving.She’sonherfirsttriptoBoston.

輪船要起航了。這是她第一次去波士頓。It的用法：1:it作為人稱代詞時，可以表示天氣、距離、時間、環(huán)境等

What’theweatherliketoday?–It’swindy.

今天的天氣怎么樣？-有風(fēng)。

It’saboutfiveminutes’walkfromhometoschool.

從家到學(xué)校的路程大約5分鐘。2.it

可指不知性別的嬰兒或不確指性別的人.it可指同類中的同一件東西，them可指同類中的同一些東西。one可指同類中的另一件東西，ones可指同類中的另一些東西—whoisthepersonoverthere?—Itistheheadteacher.

3.it可作為形式主語，將不定式、動名詞等構(gòu)成的主語后移，使句子顯得平穩(wěn)

It’shardtoreachtheapples.

很難夠到蘋果。

It’sgoodforyoutakingawalkaftersupper.

對你來說飯后散步是有好處的。oneit①Theboxisinthemiddleoftheroom.Move__away.

A.itB.oneC./②

Ihavelostmypen.Ihavetobuy___.

A.oneB.itC./③Howniceyourbagis!Iwanttobuy___.

A.itB.oneC./one

同類不同件．it同類同件．1.---Whoisknockingatthedoor?---Idon’tknow.Iwaslyinginthebedandjustaskwho____was.A.heB.sheC.it2.Ican’tfindmyhat.Idon’tknowwhereIput____.A.oneB.itC.that3.Ican’tfindmyhat.IthinkImustbuy__.A.itB.oneC.that固定句型1.做某事情對某人來說是…Itis+adj.(+forsb.)+todosth.

Itishardformetodothiswork.2.輪到某人做…It’sone’sturntodosth.

It’syourturntocleantheroom.3.是（某人）做某事的時候了

It’stime(forsb.)todosth.It’stimeforyoutodothehomework.4.據(jù)說…

It’ssaidthat…It’ssaidthatyourteacherleaveourschool.5.某人花費…做某事

Ittakessb.sometimetodosth.6.自從…以來，已經(jīng)有…（時間）了。

Itis/hasbeen+時段+since+從句(過去時)7.某人發(fā)現(xiàn)/認(rèn)為/感覺到做某事是…的

findsb.thinkfeel+it+adj.todoIfound___verydifficulttomakeprogressinmystudy.

A.it’sB.itC.that2.It__myfatherawholemonthtogoonbusiness.

A.spentB.costC.took3.Itisgreatfun__surfingontheInternet.

A.goB.togoC.going二.物主代詞myouryouryourhisheritstheirmineours

yours

yours

hishers

itstheirs

2.“of+名詞性物主代詞”表示所屬

Asisterofhis

isanurse.

他的一個妹妹是個護士。

Tomis

afriendofmine

我的一個朋友1.Sheisafriendof________.A.myB.mineC.I2.Thisisn’tmypen,itis_____.A.herB.hisC.him3.Frankcan’tfind____dictionary.Canyoulend____to_____?A.her,mine,herB./,yours,heC.his,yours,him

2.形容詞性物主代詞和名詞性物主代詞的關(guān)系：

形容詞性物主代詞+名詞=名詞性物主代詞注意：名詞性物主代詞在句中所指代的關(guān)系是單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)。Thesebooksaren'tours.Oursarenew.

(ourbooks=ours)Thisisnotourroom.Oursisoverthere.(ourroom=ours)4.____schoolismuchbiggerthan____.A.Our,theirB.Ours,theirsC.Our,theirs5.Thedogissopoorbecause____legisbadlyhurt.A.itB.itsC.it’smyselfourselves

yourselfyourselveshimselfthemselvesherselfitself反身代詞1.反身代詞常見固定搭配過得愉快自學(xué)請隨便吃…

自言自語獨自為自己不要客氣陶醉／沉浸于

自己穿衣服照顧自己

enjoyoneselfteachoneselfsth/learnsthbyoneself.

helponeselftosth.saytooneselfbyoneself=aloneforoneselfmakeoneselfathomeloseoneselfin…dressoneselflookafteroneself注意：oneself有單復(fù)數(shù)之分*Ienjoymyself.*Children,helpyourselvestosomefish.Themanisrich,hecanbuy___alotofthings.

A.heB.hisC.himself2.---Whatalovelycard!Wheredidyoubuyit?---Imadeitby_____.

A.meB.myselfC.itself3.“Help____tosomechicken,”mymothersaidtotheguests.A.yourselfB.yourselvesC.your不定代詞不是指明代替特定名詞（或形容詞）的代詞

all,each,every,both,either,neithernone,one,little,few,many,muchother,another,some,any,no

由some,any,no,every等構(gòu)成的合成代詞幾組在用法上容易混淆的不定代詞

1.some/any

some（一些,某）一般用于肯定句中

Therearesomeflowersinfrontofthehouse.

any（一些,任何）多用于疑問句和否定句

Doyouhaveanypicture-books?

注意：some有時也可用于表示請求、征求意見的疑問句中

Wouldyoulikesomemeat?

你想要些肉嗎？

MayIasksomequestions?

我可以問問題嗎？

CouldIhavesomeapples?

我可以吃蘋果嗎？

Willyougivemesomewater?

你能給我些水嗎？2.many/much

many

修飾或指代復(fù)數(shù)名詞

Therearemanyeggsinthebasket.Manyofuslikeplayinggames.

much修飾或指代不可數(shù)名詞

Hedoesn’tknowmuchEnglish.

3.another/other

another泛指三個或三個以上中的另一個another+名詞單數(shù)/another+數(shù)字+名詞復(fù)數(shù)

Idon’twantthiscoat.Pleaseshowmeanother.

other后面接名詞復(fù)數(shù)（other+名詞復(fù)數(shù)），泛指別的、其他的

Doyouhaveanyotherquestions?

others泛指其他的人或物

Heoftenhelpsothers.Someareplayingbasketball,othersareplayingfootball.theothers特指確定范圍內(nèi)剩下的全部人或物

Therearefiftystudentsinourclass.Twentyofthemaregirls,theothersareboys.4.theother/others/theotherstheother

1.特指兩個中的另一個oneis...theotheris...

Hehastwosons.Oneisaworker,theotherisadoctor.

2.修飾名詞(theother+名詞復(fù)數(shù))，特指另一個、另一些

Tomlikesswimming,andtheotherboysinhisclasslikeswimming,too.5.few/afew/little/alittlefew/afew

修飾可數(shù)名詞

little/alittle修飾不可數(shù)名詞

few,little

表示否定意義,譯為“沒有幾個”，“沒有多少”

afew,alittle表示肯定意義,譯為“有幾個”，“有一點”

Althoughallthegirlshavetriedtheirbest,only___passtheexam.A.fewB.afewC.alittle2.Don’tworry.Thereis____timeleft.A.littleB.alittleC.few3.Youaresogreat!____peopleintheschoolcandoit.A.AlittleB.LittleC.Few

6.every/each

every＋單數(shù)名詞,表示“每一個”,強調(diào)共性、整體,只作定語,形式上為單數(shù).不與of連用

Everychildlikesplayinggames.

each表示“每一個”,強調(diào)個性,作定語主語、賓語和同位語,常與of連用

Eachstudentwasaskedtotryagain.

Eachofthemhasaniceskirt.eachevery①Igavethem__anapple.A.everyB.eachC.eachof②

Thereisalineoftreeson___sideofthestreet.

A．every B．each C．both③Shegoesshopping__fivedays.

A.everyB.eachC.eachof④他隔天來這里。Hecamehere__________day.everyother

7.all/none

all“(全部)都”,表示三者或三者以上，作同位語時,一般放在連系動詞、助動詞之后,行為動詞之前

WeareallfromCanada.

TheyalllikeEnglish.

none“沒有”,表示三者或三者以上都不,后常跟介詞of（謂語動詞單、復(fù)數(shù)均可）

Noneofusis/areafraidofdogs.nonenoone①Howmanypeoplearethereintheroom?—___.

A.NoneB.NooneC.Lucy②

Whoisintheroom?—___.

A.NoneB.NooneC.one③Noneofthem___China.

A.comefromB.isfromC.iscomefrom

8.both/either/neither

both“（兩者）都”,作主語時看作復(fù)數(shù)；作定語時后跟名詞復(fù)數(shù)bothofsb/both...and...Myparentsarebothteachers.=Bothofmyparentsareteachers.=Bothmyfatherandmymotherareteachers

neither“(兩者)都不”,含有否定意義，作主語時謂語用第三人稱單數(shù);作定語時后跟名詞單數(shù),neither...nor...

Neitheranswerisright.

either“兩者中任何一個”,作主語時謂語用第三人稱單數(shù);作定語時后跟名詞單數(shù)either...or...

Therearetreesoneithersideofthestreet.=Therearetreesonbothsidesofthestreet.

有關(guān)詞組及應(yīng)用

bothof/eitherof/neitherofBothofthemswimwell.

他們倆都游得很好。

EitherofyougoestoBeijing.

你們倆隨便誰去北京都可以。

Neitherofthemstoppedtohavearest.

他們倆誰都不停下來休息。①___ofthegirls___him.Theyaskedhimfornamecard.A.Neither;knowB.Either;knowC.Neither;knows②

Bothofhisparents___teachers.

A.isB.areC.was③Bothofhisbrothers___inthishospital,butneitherofthem___adoctor.

A.works;isB.work;isC.work;areeitherneitherbotheitherneitherboth①EitherTomorthetwins__thewaytotheshop.A.knowB.knowsC.finds②

NeitheryounorI___ascientist.

A.isB.areC.am③BothTomandMary___hard.

A.studiesB.studyC.studying

ThestudentsareallfromFoshan.They___liketheircity.A.bothB.allC.either

LucyandLily___agreewithus.

A.allB.bothC.neitherHowareyourparents?Theyare____fine.

A.bothB.allC.no

9.Something/anything/nothing

Somebody/anybody/nobody當(dāng)形容詞修飾這些不定代詞時，常后置

Ihavesomethingimportanttotellyou.Isthereanythingelseinthebox?

Nobodycananswerthequestion.

both…and（謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式）

either…or/neither…nor(謂語動詞遵循就近原則)

BothTomandLucyareinGradeTwo.

Tom和Lucy都在二年級。

Eithermyfatherormymothercooksathome.

或者我爸爸或者我媽媽在家燒飯。

NeitherhenorIamfreetoday.

我和他今天都沒空。1.Doyouhave_____todothisevening?A.importantsomethingB.anythingimportantC.somethingimportant2._____iswatchingTV.Let’sturnitoff.A.SomebodyB.AnybodyC.Nobody3.Wouldyoulike___?Icangetitforyou.A.somethingelseB.anythingelseC.everythingelse指示代詞

表示空間和時間遠(yuǎn)近關(guān)系的代詞包括:this/that(單數(shù))these/those(復(fù)數(shù))1.this,these指在方位上較近的人或物

that,those指在方位上較遠(yuǎn)的人或物

Thisismyshirt,that’syours.

TheseTVsaremadeinChina,thosearemadeinJapan.

2.that,those常指前面提過的東西,以免重復(fù)*Theseboxesareheavierthanthoseonthedesk.3.剛才提到的事情，在英文中用that*Hewasillyesterday.I’msorrytohearthat.四.指示代詞①ThepopulationofShanghaiislargerthan__ofJinan.

A.thatB.thisC.it②

TheradiosmadeinBeijingareasgoodas___madeinQingdao.

A.thatB.theseC.those③WhatIwanttotellyouis___thefilmwillbeateight.

A.itB.thisC.that疑問代詞

用來構(gòu)成特殊疑問句的代詞常見有：whowhomwhosewhatwhich

通常做主語\賓語\定語\表語

Whatmakesyouthinklikethat?\做主語\

Who(Whom)wereyoutalkingwith?\做賓語\(2008年廣東省汕頭市)一Isthat_____dog?—No.________iswhite．A．his；HisB．her；ItisC．he；HisD．her；Her中考考什么?D

WhichbusdoIneed?\做定語\

What’syourfather?\做表語\注意：在口語中，Who和Whom通用，但在介詞后只能用Whom

Withwhomdidheplaygames?Withwhodidheplaygames?(錯)(重慶市2008年)WelikeMr.Greenbecauseheoftentells______funnystoriesinclass.A.we B.us C.our D.oursB(重慶市2008年)—Whenshallwegotothemuseum,thisafternoonortomorrowmorning?—______isOK.I’mfreethesedays.A.Both B.AllC.Either D.NeitherC(2008年天津市)—Is_____here? —No,JohnandBobhaveaskedforleave.A.nobody B.anybody C.somebody D.everybodyDTryitout()1Isthisyourfootball,boys?No,itisnot____A.yoursB.ourC.mineD.ours()2Thebirdbuilds____nestinthetree.A.herB.itsC.it’sD.hers()3Themathsproblem____iswrong.A.himselfB.heC.itselfD.herselfDBC()4____wanttoseethefilm.AEverystudentBEachstudentCAllofstudentsDAllthestudents()5Alotofpeoplehavetried,but____havesucceeded.A.thefewB.afewC.fewD.little()6____ofthefourroadswilltakeyoutothehospital.A.BothB.NeitherC.AnyD.EitherDCC()9IhaveChemistryclasses____day,Monday,WednesdayandFriday.A.eachotherB.everyotherC.thisandotherD.allother()10--____isthemanunderthetree?--Jim’sfather.A.WhenB.WhatC.WhereD.WhoBD課堂達標(biāo)()7Ihavefivepencils,oneisred,____isblueand___aregreen.A.another,theotherB.theother,othersC.others,theothersD.another,theothers()8Ihavefound____ontheInternet.A.afewinformationsB.alittleinformationsC.afewinformationD.alittleinformationDD11.Thisstickis____.A.himB.heC.his12.Heisalwaysreadytohelp____.A.anotherB.theotherC.others13.______isJack’saun