材料科學與工程專業(yè)英語14-Unit 22 biomaterials

材料科學與工程專業(yè)英語

SpecialEnglishforMaterialsScienceandEngineeringPart7BiomaterialsUnit22biomateirals:anintroductionAbiomaterialis"anysubstance(otherthandrugs)orcombinationofsubstancessyntheticornaturalinorigin,whichcanbeusedforanyperiodoftime,asawholeorasapartofasystemwhichtreats,augments,orreplacesanytissue,organ,orfunctionofthebody".

Biomaterialsaredefinedbytheirapplication,NOTchemicalmake-upWhatisbiomaterial?Biomaterialscoverallclassesofmaterials–metals,ceramics,polymersUsesofBiomaterials(Examples)Replacediseasedpart–dialysis(透析)Assistinhealing–sutures（縫合線）Improvefunction–contacts（接觸鏡）Correctfunction–spinalrods（骨釘）Correctcosmetic–nose,earAiddiagnosis–probeReplacedead-skinHowmanydifferenttypesofbiomaterialsareinusetoday?TheFDAregulates100,000differentproductsthatrepresentatleast1,700DifferentTypesofBiomedicalDevices.Biomaterial:生物材料Physiologically:生理學地Suture：縫合線Catheter：導尿管導管Pharmacologically:藥理學地Biologicalmaterial:生物來源材料Artery：動脈Artificialmaterial:人造材料人工材料Artificiallimb:假肢WordsWordsbiomaterialsBiological

materialsImplantmaterialsInteraction

Biocompatibility:生物相容性Recipient:接受者Competency:能力Femur：股骨Nontoxic:無毒的Nonallergenic:不會引起過敏的Nonimmunogenic:不產(chǎn)生免疫排斥的Noncarcinogenic:不致癌的Degradation:降解WordsQuestionWhatarethesuccessofanimplanthighlydependenton?Invivo:體內(nèi)的Invitro:體外的Equivalent:相等的，相當?shù)腖egislation：立法法規(guī)Biomaterialsrequirements:Acute(急性)systemictoxicityCytotoxicity：細胞毒性Hemolysis：溶血Intravenoustoxicity：靜脈內(nèi)毒性Mutagenicity：誘變性Oraltoxicity：口服毒性Pyrogenicity：熱原Sensitization：感光性增強WordsRecordkeeping:保持紀錄GoodManufacturingPractices：GMPSterilize：消毒，滅菌Package：包裝Ethyleneoxide：環(huán)氧乙烷WordsBiomechanics：生物力學FEM/FEA:finite-elementmodeling/analysis有限元模型/分析Prosthesis:假體WordsRPCrawford,CECannandTMKeaveny.Bone,volume33,pp744-750,2003Microsphere:微球Encapsulation：包封Dosage：劑量Sensor：傳感器Probe：探針WordsJournalofColloidandInterfaceScience,Volume376,Issue1,15June2012,Pages97-106

MaterialsLetters,Volume79,15July2012,Pages222-224

BroadClassification-TypesofBiomaterialsceramicsmetalspolymers,syntheticandnaturalcompositesMaterialScienceLogictransplantation：移植Kidney：腎Dialyzer：透析儀Filtration：過濾Ethical：倫理的WordsTissueengineer