《中考寶典》2016廣東省中考英語復習(語法考點)課件：句子種類及其考點(共38張PPT)

句子種類中考語法句子概述 句子按其使用目的可分為陳述句、疑問句、祈使句和感嘆句；句子按其結(jié)構(gòu)又可分為簡單句、并列句和主從復合句?？键c分布1.句子種類（1）陳述句（肯定式和否定式）（2）疑問句（一般疑問句、特殊疑問句、選擇疑問句、反意疑問句）（3）祈使句（肯定式和否定式）（4）感嘆句2.簡單句的五種基本句型（1）主語＋系動詞＋表語（2）主語＋不及物動詞（3）主語＋及物動詞＋賓語考點分布（4）主語＋及物動詞＋間接賓語＋直接賓語（5）主語＋及物動詞＋賓語＋賓補（6）therebe句型3.并列句4.主從復合句（1）賓語從句（2）狀語從句（3）定語從句考點梳理考點一簡單句的五種基本類型及therebe句型句型例句1.主語＋不及物動詞Thegirlisstudyinghard.2.主語＋系動詞＋表語Heseemsverybusy.3.主語＋及物動詞＋賓語ShesentanE-mailtoherfriendyesterday.4.主語＋及物動詞＋間接賓語＋直接賓語MymotherboughtmeaniPhone6.5.主語＋及物動詞＋賓語＋賓語補足語Thenewsmadethemsurprised.6.Therebe結(jié)構(gòu)Thereisariverbehindourschool.考點梳理【考點精練】()1.There________agreatconcertinthetheaternextSaturdayevening. A.willbe B.willhave C.has D.isgoingtohave()2.Myparents________about1000yuanformyschooleducationeachyear. A.spendB.takeC.cost D.pay()3.—Willyouplease________usastory,MissGreen?—OK,shallI________itinEnglishorinChinese? A.tell;speak B.talk;speak C.tell;say D.talk;say()4.Whatdidthemanager________youto_______atthemeeting. A.tell;say B.ask;speak C.tell;speak D.ask;talkADCA考點梳理考點二陳述句說明一個事實或陳述一種看法。陳述句包括肯定句和否定句句式結(jié)構(gòu)例句肯定句略否定句1.否定謂語（常見）Idon’tthinkplayingtoomuchcomputergamesisgood.2.否定主語Nobodyknowswhyhedidn’tcometoschool.3.否定賓語Weknownothingaboutit.4.否定賓語補足語Ourteacheroftenusnottogiveupourdreams.5.否定狀語MypenwaslostandIcouldfinditnowhere.考點梳理將以下句子變?yōu)榉穸ň洌?.Wedoeyeexerciseseveryday.We__________________eyeexerciseseveryday.6.Thereissomethingwrongwiththeradio.____________________wrongwiththeradio.7.Tomalwaysgoestobedattwelve.Tom___________________tobedattwelve.8.You’dbetterhelphimwithhismaths.You_____________________________helphimwithhismaths.【考點精練】定句變否定句口訣否定詞語加not，放在be和have后；其它要加動詞do，do的后面加not；

時間、人稱由do變，動詞原形總保留；謂語若是助詞多，not緊跟第一個。don’tdo Nothingis nevergoes hadbetternot考點梳理考點三疑問句用來提出問題的句子。包括一般疑問句、特殊疑問句、選擇疑問句和反意疑問句問句類型解析例句一般疑問句以be動詞、助動詞或情態(tài)動詞開頭，用Yes或No來回答。Didyouhaveagoodtimeatschool?Canyoufinishyourworkontime?特殊疑問句陳述句語序—針對主語（或修飾語）提問Whosecarisunderthetree?特殊疑問詞+一般疑問句語序HowdoyoustudyEnglish?選擇疑問句一般疑問句+or+一般疑問句（省略結(jié)構(gòu)）Wouldyoulikesometeaorcoffee?特殊疑問句，+A+B？Whichdoyouprefer,teaorcoffee?考點梳理問句類型解析例句反意疑問句結(jié)構(gòu)：陳述句+簡短的一般疑問句句式：前肯后否，前否后肯Hehastoleavenow,doesn’the?Hehasn’tbeenthere,hashe?句子含有no,never,hardly,few,nothing,nobody,seldom等否定詞，后面用肯定Youhavenothingtotellme,doyou?Shehasfewmoneywithher,doesshe?當前部分為祈使句，后面用willyou;而當前面是Let’s開頭，后面用shallwe。Openthedoor,willyou?Let’shavearest,shallwe?Therebe句型當中，后面句子主語用thereThereislittleintheglass,isthere?主從復合句以主句為主；但當主句是I/wethink/believe/suppose時要以從句為主Shethinksshecandance,doesn’tshe?Ithinkheiswrongthistime,isn’the?考點梳理()9.—HaveyoueverseentheTVshowWhereAreWeGoing,DAD?—______.Ithinkit’squitemovingandfunny. A.Yes,Ihave B.No,Ihaven’t C.Yes,hehas D.No,shehasn’t()10.—__________willthefogandhaze

(霧霾)last?—I’venoidea.Thereisnosignofanend. A.Howsoon B.Howfar C.Howlong D.HowoftenAA【考點精練】考點梳理()11.—_______doyougotoWeifangTheatre?—Onceamonth. A.Howsoon B.Howoften C.Howmuch D.Howlong()12.—_________areyougoingtotheSchoolUniformExhibition,Amy?—Tolearnaboutdifferentstylesofschooluniform. A.WhatB.WhereC.WhyD.WhichBC【考點精練】肯定句變一般疑問句口訣

have和be提句首，其它助詞Do開頭。時間、人稱由do變，動詞只把原形留。謂語助詞有幾個，第一助詞提句首?？键c梳理考點四祈使句

提出請求、建議或發(fā)出命令等。以動詞原形開頭（否定形式在前面加Don’t），常在句首或句末加上please。如：Sitdown,please.Don’ttalkinclass.()13.—SorryI’mlate.—______tellmethebusbrokedownagain! A.Neverto B.Not C.Don’t D.No()14.—It’slate,Teresa.______earliernexttimeandyou’llhaveenoughtimetohavebreakfast.—OK,MuniI’llremember. A.Getup B.Gettingup

C.TogetupD.GotupCA考點梳理考點五感嘆句表示說話人驚奇、喜悅、贊美、厭惡或憤怒等情緒。類型解析例句以how引導How+形容詞/副詞+（主+謂）！Howcoldthedayis!Howquicklyheruns!以what引導What+形容詞+名詞復數(shù)/不可數(shù)名詞+（主+謂）！Whatbeautifulflowers(theyare)!Whatbadweather(itis)!What+a/an+形容詞+可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)+（主+謂）！Whataninterestingstory(itis)!考點梳理()15._______weatheritistoday! A.Whathot B.Howhot C.Whatahot D.Howahot()16.—_________fantasticdocumentaryitis!—Doyoumeanthehotfilm“DiaoyuIsland—TheTruth”? A.How B.Howa C.What D.Whata()17._______honestmanheis! A.What B.Whatan C.How D.Howan()18.—_________braveZhangHuais!—Yes.Hehelpedhisneighbor,MrsSunoutofthefire. A.WhataB.HowC.HowaD.WhatAD【考點精練】BB考點梳理考點六并列句 包含兩個或兩個以上主謂結(jié)構(gòu)的句子叫并列句，句與句之間通常用并列連詞and,or,but,so,yet,for或分號來連接，并列句在用法上互不依從，意義上卻有密切的關(guān)系。1.分句與分句之間的四種關(guān)系：（1）聯(lián)合關(guān)系；如：I’mspeakingandyouarelisteningtome.（2）轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系；如：IhelphimwithhisEnglisheveryday,butheisstillbadatit.（3）選擇關(guān)系；如：Workharder,oryouwillfallbehindothers.（4）因果關(guān)系。如：Hegotuplatethismorning,sohewaslateforschool.考點梳理2.so+助動詞+主語和so+主語+助動詞so+助動詞+主語這個結(jié)構(gòu)主要用來說明前面所說的情況也適用于后面的人或物，意為“…也一樣”。該結(jié)構(gòu)中的助動詞可以是：be動詞，情態(tài)動詞和助動詞。如：HecanspeakEnglish,socanI.Sheis14yearsold,soamI.Istudyhard,sodothey.其否定結(jié)構(gòu)為：neither/nor+助動詞/be動詞/情態(tài)動詞+主語。so+主語+助動詞這個結(jié)構(gòu)主要用于加強語氣，意為“的確如此，確實如此”，表示后者贊同前者的話或意見，只是進一步強調(diào)并重復前句所述內(nèi)容。前后句的主語指的是同一個人或物。如：—Hehasdoneagoodjob.—Sohehas.考點梳理()19.－IhavereadthebookSenseandSensibility.－________________.SohaveIB.NeitherhaveI C.SoIhaveD.SohasI()20.—Jackwenttoseethemanwhowasinhospitalyesterday.—__________. A.Sodidhe B.Sohedid C.Hedidso D.Didsohe()21.—WillyougotoPeter’spartythisSaturdayevening?—Ihaven’tdecidedyet.Ifyoudon’tgo,______.sowillI

B.neitherdoIC.neitherwillID.neitherIwill()22.—I’mnotgoingswimmingthisafternoon.—_______________.Ihavetohelpmymotherdosomecleaning. A.SoamI. B.SoIam. C.NeitheramI. D.NeitherIam.AB【考點精練】CC考點梳理考點七賓語從句賓語從句屬于名詞性從句，在句子中起名詞作用，相當于一個名詞詞組，在全句中充當主語的賓語。要注意賓語從句的三要素，即：連接詞、從句的時態(tài)和從句的語序。項別解析例句連接詞原句是陳述句—that（可以省略）Lilysays(that)themaninblackisournewteacher.原句是一般疑問句—if/whetherDoyouknowifhewasborninChina?原句是特殊疑問句—特殊疑問詞Theteachersaskswherehelives.從句的語序陳述句語序即：連接詞+主語+謂語+其它Nobodyknows.Willitraintomorrow?—Nobodyknowsifitwillraintomorrow.考點梳理項別解析例句從句的時態(tài)主句為一般現(xiàn)在時從句任意時態(tài)Weallwanttoknowifshewillcometohelpus.主句為一般過去時從句一般過去時Ididn’tknowwhenhewouldcomebackthenextday.從句過去進行時Canyoutelluswhatyouweredoingyesterdaymorning?從句過去將來時Iaskedtheteacherwherethemeetingwouldhave.從句過去完成時Shesaidshehadmissedtheschoolbus.注意的問題1.從句如果表示客觀真理、客觀事實時，不管什么時候都用一般現(xiàn)在時。Theteachertoldusthattheearthgoesaroundthesun.2.賓語從句的否定轉(zhuǎn)移。如果主句謂語動詞是think,believe,suppose等,而從句的意思是否定的,這時主句的謂語動詞用否定式,從句用肯定式。1.Idon’tthinkyouareright.我認為你不對。2.Idon’tbelieveshecanfinishthework,canshe?我認為她不能完成工作，能嗎？考點梳理()23.—Canyoutellme_____________?—Yes,it’sonXinhuaStreet. A.howcanIgettothebookstore B.wherethebookstoreis C.whereisthebookstoreD.whatisthebookstore()24.—Wehavenoidea_____.—It’sheardthatheisMr.Green’sson. A.wherehecomesfromB.ifdoeshelivehere C.whoheis D.whoishe()25.—Dad,canyoutellme_______totheamusementpark?—Thedayaftertomorrow.A.whenwearegoingB.whenwewentC.whenarewegoingD.whendidwegoBC【考點精練】A考點梳理()26.Theteacheraskedthestudents_____________. A.whytheearthwentaroundthesun B.whydoestheearthgoaroundthesun C.whytheearthgoesaroundthesunC【考點精練】

賓語從句用法口訣

賓語從句須注意，幾點事項應牢記。一是關(guān)鍵引導詞，不同句子詞相異。

陳述句子用that；一般疑問是否（if，whether）替；特殊問句更好辦，引導還用疑問詞。

二是時態(tài)常變化，主句不同從句異。主句若為現(xiàn)在時，從句時態(tài)應看意。主句若為過去時，從句時態(tài)向前移。三是語序要記清，從句永保陳述序?？键c梳理考點八定語從句在復合句中修飾名詞或代詞的從句叫做定語從句。如：1.IlikemusicthatIcandanceto.(music是先行詞，that是關(guān)系代詞)2.HeisthemanwhoImetyesterday.(man是先行詞，who是關(guān)系代詞)定語從句所修飾的詞叫先行詞。定語從句放在先行詞后面。引導定語從句的詞有關(guān)系代詞that,which,who,which,whose和關(guān)系副詞where,when,why,關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞是引導詞，在定語從句中有三個作用：1.連接主從句；2.指代先行詞；3.在從句中充當某一成分。用法見下表：考點梳理關(guān)系詞用法例句that既可以指人，又可以指物，在定語從句中作主語或賓語，作賓語時可以省略Rosalikesmusicthatisquietandgentle.IlikemusicthatIcansingalongwith.which指物，在從句中作主語或賓語，作賓語時可省略Thebuildingwhichstandsneartheroadisourschool.Musicisthesubjectwhichheteachesus.who指人，常在從句中作主語Thegirlwhoworksintheofficeishissister.whom也指人，在從句中作賓語，常省略Thegirlwhomyoumethereismydaughter.whose通常既指人也指物，在從句中通常作定語ThewatchwhosestrapisbrokenisTom’s.when指時間，在從句中通常作時間狀語IwillneverforgetthedayswhenIworkedintheschool.where指地點，在從句中通常作地點狀語Thatisthehousewhereheusedtolive.考點梳理注意：下列情況下關(guān)系代詞只用that1.當先行詞是不定代詞all,little,few,much,none,anything,nothing,everything等時。IhavesaidallthatIwanttosay.2.當先行詞被最高級、序數(shù)詞以及thevery,theonly修飾時。如：ThisisthefirstplaythatIhaveseensinceIcamehere.ThisistheverybookthatIwanttobuy.3.當先行詞被all,little,much,some,any,no,every等詞修飾時。如：Thereislittleworkthatyoucando.4.先行詞既包括人，也包括物。如：Theyalwaysliketotalkaboutthemanandthethingsthattheyseeontheroad.5.當主句是以which或who開頭的特殊疑問句時。如：Whoisthemanthatopenedupthelab.考點梳理()27.—WhereistheSchoolEnglishSpeechContestgoingtobeheldtonight?—I’mnotsure.Isitinthehall________canhold300people? A.whereB.whatC.thatD.when()28.—HaveyouseenthedocumentarynamedABiteofChina《舌尖上的中國》?—Yeah!It’s

the

mostfunny

one

______

I

have

ever

seen. A.that B.what C.which

D.where()29.AfterMandelawasfree(自由的)in1990,hechosetoshakehandswiththepeople________wantedtokillhim. A.whose B.which C./ D.whoCA【考點精練】D考點梳理()30.Iwillneverforgettheday____wespentintheoldtownwithsmallhouses. A.whoB.whomC.that D.whatC【考點精練】考點梳理考點九狀語從句狀語從句在復合句中作狀語，修飾動詞、形容詞或副詞等。狀語從句可以表示時間、條件、原因、地點、目的、結(jié)果、讓步、方式、比較等意義。各類狀語從句連接詞（短語）一覽表：時間狀語從句when,while,as,assoonas,since,until,after,before條件狀語從句if,unless原因狀語從句as,because,since地點狀語從句where目的狀語從句sothat,inorderthat結(jié)果狀語從句sothat,so…that,such…that讓步狀語從句though,although,evenif,however方式狀語從句as比較狀語從句than,(not)as…as考點梳理()31.－Henry,pleasecallusassoonasyou________Hawaii.－OK.I’lldothat,Mom. A.arrivein B.arearrivingin C.willarriveatD.arriveat()32.Amywasreadingabook_________Icamein. A.when B.while C.because D.thoughAA【考點精練】1.時間狀語從句Iwasdoingmyhomeworkwhenmymothercameback.=WhileIwasdoingmyhomework,mymothercameback.考點梳理2.條件狀語從句Youwillfallbehindyourclassmatesunlessyouworkharder.=Youwillfallbehindyourclassmatesifyoudon’tworkharder.注意：在時間狀語從句（since除外）和條件狀語從句中，從句常用一般現(xiàn)在時表將來，即：主將從現(xiàn)考點梳理()33.—IwanttoknowifMaria_________usinthefashionshowtonight. —Ibelieveifshe________herhomework,shewilljoinus. A.joins;finishes B.willjoin;finishes C.joins;willfinish D.willjoin;willjoin()34.________youreadit,youcan’timaginehowmovingthestoryis. A.Unless B.Because C.AlthoughD.IfAB【考點精練】考點梳理3.原因狀語從句Sincewelivenearthesea,weenjoyniceweather.由于我們住在海邊，能享受到好的天氣。()35.Tonyneverspendsmoneyinbuyingbooks_______hedoesn’tlikereading. A.but B.because C.though D.until()36._______therearetoomanypeoplehere,_______wehavetofindanotherhouse. A.Because;so B.Though;but C.Since;/ D./;ifBC【考點精練】考點梳理4.地點狀語從句Putitwherewecanallseeit.把它放在我們都能看到的位置。5.目的狀語從句Finishthissothatyoucanstartanother.把這個做完，你可以開始另一個。()37.—Susan,whataretheadvantagesofMP5players?—Mum,theyaresmallerandlighter_______theycanbecarriedveryeasily. A.unless B.if C.until D.sothatD【考點精練】考點梳理6.結(jié)果狀語從句Hewas