2020高考英語閱讀理解解題技巧專項突破三：閱讀理解專題之推理判斷隱含意義題

第第頁共6頁2020高考英語閱讀理解解題技巧專項突破3閱讀理解專題之推理判斷隱含意義題【設問形式】1.推理判斷隱含意義題常見設問形式：Itcanbeinferred/impliedfromthetextthatWhatdoweknowabout...?Wecaninferfrom...that.Whatdoestheauthormeanthat...?【考查方式】高考閱讀理解隱含意義題要求考生在理解表面文字的基礎(chǔ)上，做出判斷和推論，從而得到文章的隱含意義和深層意思，也就是通過文章中的文字信息、上下文的邏輯關(guān)系及事物的發(fā)展變化等已知的信息去推斷出作者沒有直接表達出來的深層意思。推理判斷隱含意義不僅要求考生能夠讀懂文章中的每個句子信息，還要求考生能夠推理他們之間的關(guān)系，結(jié)合自己的生活常識和經(jīng)驗，再通過邏輯推理和判斷，準確理解出文章的言外之意，揭示文章的深層含義。答題羈路q推理判斷隱含意義題解題思路：推理判斷隱含意義題的答案不可能在文章中直接找到，因此推理時我們務必要忠于原文，在文章中尋找并確定可推論的依據(jù)，準確理解文中的已知部分，再結(jié)合語境和常識推論出未知部分，作者的言外之意。切忌妄加評論，把自己的觀點當成作者的觀點，不能主觀臆斷。除此之外，還要注意幾個誤區(qū)：①原文信息的簡單重復，并不是推斷出來的結(jié)論。②文中無關(guān)緊要或片面推出的結(jié)論。③與文章內(nèi)容不符的推論或相反的推論。④不合常理或不合邏輯的推論。⑤雖然符合考生的常識，但文中并沒有支撐的依據(jù)。所以考生一是要全面分析所有相關(guān)信息，切忌片面思考，得出片面結(jié)論。二是要忠實原文，切忌脫離原文，憑空臆斷。三是注意不要選擇表層信息答案，應該立足由已知推斷未知。實戰(zhàn)演練【例題】例題1：2016全國1AYouprobablyknowwhoMarieCuriewas,butyoumaynothaveheardofRachelCarson.Oftheoutstandingladieslistedbelow,whodoyouthinkwasthemostimportantwomanofthepast100years?JaneAddams(1860-1935)AnyonewhohaseverbeenhelpedbyasocialworkerhasJaneAddamstothank.Addamshelpedthepoorandworkedforpeace.Sheencouragedasenseofcommunity(社區(qū))bycreatingsheltersandpromotingeducationandservicesforpeopleinneed.In1931,AddamsbecamethefirstAmericanwomantowintheNobelPeacePrize.RachelCarson(1907-1964)Ifitweren'tforRachelCarson,theenvironmentalmovementmightnotexisttoday.Herpopular1962bookSilentSpringraisedawarenessofthedangersofpollutionandtheharmfuleffectsofchemicalsonhumansandontheworld'slakesandoceans.SandraDayO'Connor(1930-present)WhenSandraDayO'ConnorfinishedthirdinherclassatStanfordLawSchool,in1952,shecouldnotfindworkatalawfirmbecauseshewasawoman.ShebecameanArizonastatesenator(參議員)and,in1981,thefirstwomantojointheU.S.SupremeCourt.O'Connorgavethedecidingvoteinmanyimportantcasesduringher24yearsonthetopcourt.RosaParks(1913-2005)OnDecember1,1955,inMontgomery,Alabama,RosaParkswouldnotgiveupherseatonabustoawhitepassenger.HersimpleactlandedParksinprison.ButitalsosetofftheMontgomerybusboycott.Itlastedformorethanayear,andkickedoffthecivil-rightsmovement.“TheonlytiredIwas,wastiredofgivingin,”saidParks.31．24.Whatcanweinferaboutthewomenmentionedinthetext?Theyarehighlyeducated.B.Theyaretrulycreative.C.Theyarepioneers.D.Theyarepeace-lovers.解析：C推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章對這幾個人物的介紹可知，這些女性都是在各自的領(lǐng)域為社會做出貢獻的先驅(qū)。故選C。例題2：2016全國2BFiveyearsago,whenItaughtartataschoolinSeattle,IusedTinkertoysasatestatthebeginningofatermtofindoutsomethingaboutmystudents.IputasmallsetofTinkertoysinfrontofeachstudent,andsaid:“MakesomethingoutoftheTinkertoys.Youhave45minutestoday—and45minuteseachdayfortherestoftheweek.”Afewstudentshesitatedtostart.Theywaitedtoseewhattherestoftheclasswoulddo.Severalotherscheckedtheinstructionsandmadesomethingaccordingtooneofthemodelplansprovided.Anothergroupbuiltsomethingoutoftheirownimaginations.OnceIhadaboywhoworkedexperimentallywithTinkertoysinhisfreetime.Hisconstructionsfilledashelfintheartclassroomandagoodpartofhisbedroomathome.Iwasdelightedatthepresenceofsuchastudent.Herewasanexceptionallycreativemindatwork.HispresencemeantthatIhadanunexpectedteachingassistantinclasswhosecreativitywouldinfect（感染）otherstudents.Encouragingthiskindofthinkinghasadownside.Irantheriskoflosingthosestudentswhohadadifferentstyleofthinking.Withoutfailonewoulddeclare,“ButI'mjustnotcreative.”“Doyoudreamatnightwhenyou'reasleep?”“Oh,sure.”“Sotellmeoneofyourmostinterestingdreams.”Thestudentwouldtellsomethingwildlyimaginative.Flyingintheskyorinatimemachineorgrowingthreeheads.“That'sprettycreative.Whodoesthatforyou?”“Nobody.Idoit.”“Really—atnight,whenyou'reasleep?”“Sure.”“Trydoingitinthedaytime,inclass,okay?”WhatdoweknowabouttheboymentionedinParagraph3?Helikedtohelphisteacher.B.Hepreferredtostudyalone.C.Hewasactiveinclass.D.Hewasimaginative.解析：D推理判斷題。文章第三段第一句中提到的這個男孩在空閑時間拼裝這些玩具，而且他的作品堆滿了藝術(shù)教室的架子，家里的臥室里也有很多。第三段倒數(shù)第二句“Herewasanexceptionallycreativemindatwork”說明他是一個很有想象力和創(chuàng)造性的人。故D項正確。【舉一反三】AArmySpc.LaurenJahngetsemotionalwhentalkingaboutit—recallingthetimeshesawanAmericanflagflyingoutsideherhospitalroomandcouldn'tstandtosaluteit.＂Itreallyhurt,＂Jahnsays,referringtoboththephysicalandmentalpainshewasgoingthrough.＂AllofthehopesanddreamsIhad,ittakesawhiletorealizethatthey'regone＂.Justafewmonthsbeforethatmomentinthehospital,JahnhadjoinedtheU.S.Army.She'dmadeitthroughbasictrainingmostlyunscathedsaveforsomepaininhershins（脛），somethingsheowedtotheconcentratedrunning.Whenshefinallydecidedtoseeadoctoraboutthepain,sheexpectedtogetacleanbillofhealth.Insteadshegotdoctor'sordersforanMRI,andaphonecallnoonelikestoget.Thedoctorsaidsheneededtodiscussherresultsinperson.ThedayafterThanksgivingin2016,Jahnfoundoutshehadarareformofbonecancer.Thenshehadanoperation.Thefollowingmonthsofrecoverywerechallenging.Thesinglemotherofthreeyoungchildrenhadtofightoffdepressionasshealsolearnedtowalkagain.Shespentsixmonthsinawheelchair.ButitwasduringthistimethatJahnfoundoutaboutfittedsports—thingslikewheelchairbasketball,seatedvolleyballandtrackandfield—whereruleshavebeenchangedslightlytoletpeoplewithdisabilitiescompeteonalevelplayingfield.Whenshedecidedtotryoutarchery（箭術(shù)）,shediscoveredanewpassioninlife.JahntookhomesecondplaceinArcheryatthe2018DepartmentofDefenseWarriorGames,whereCBSNewsmether.ShenowhashersightssetonqualifyingfortheParalympicGames,oreventhe2020SummerOlympicGames.discussherresultsinperson.ThedayafterThanksgivingin2016,Jahnfoundoutshehadarareformofbonecancer.Thenshehadanoperation.Thefollowingmonthsofrecoverywerechallenging.Thesinglemotherofthreeyoungchildrenhadtofightoffdepressionasshealsolearnedtowalkagain.Shespentsixmonthsinawheelchair.ButitwasduringthistimethatJahnfoundoutaboutfittedsports—thingslikewheelchairbasketball,seatedvolleyballandtrackandfield—whereruleshavebeenchangedslightlytoletpeoplewithdisabilitiescompeteonalevelplayingfield.Whenshedecidedtotryoutarchery（箭術(shù)）,shediscoveredanewpassioninlife.JahntookhomesecondplaceinArcheryatthe2018DepartmentofDefenseWarriorGames,whereCBSNewsmether.ShenowhashersightssetonqualifyingfortheParalympicGames,oreventhe2020SummerOlympicGames.Iwantmykidstoseethatitdoesn'tmatterwhatyougothroughinlife,youcanstillbeactive,youcanstillchaseyourdreams.＂1.HowdidJahnfeelwhenherdreamsweregone?A.Astonished.B.Disappointed.C.Hurtful.D.Helpless.2.WhatdidJahnhopetoreceivewhileseeingadoctor?A.Doctor'scomfort.B.Lesseningthepainofshins.C.Somebills'rewards.D.Ahealthycertificate.WhathappenedafterJahnhadanoperation?Shenearlybrokedown.Shelostherthreechildren.Shenearlybrokedown.Shelostherthreechildren.C.Shewastrappedinawheelchair.D.Sheneverthoughtaboutwalkingagain.Whatdoesthelastparagraphsuggest?C.Shewastrappedinawheelchair.D.Sheneverthoughtaboutwalkingagain.Whatdoesthelastparagraphsuggest?A.Shegetsonwellwithkids.Alldifficultiesaretemporary.A.Shegetsonwellwithkids.Alldifficultiesaretemporary.Shedesirestosetchildrenanexample.D.Lifeisnoteasyunlessyouareactive.Shedesirestosetchildrenanexample.D.Lifeisnoteasyunlessyouareactive.解析：A：【語篇解讀】本文為記敘文。一位因患骨癌而殘疾的母親努力進行康復訓練，走出了陰影。她學習箭術(shù)、刻苦訓練并在比賽中獲得亞軍。C【解析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的"Itreallyhurt"與AllofthehopesanddreamsIhad,ittakesawhiletorealizethatthey'判e斷gon當她的夢想破滅時，她很難受。D【解析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的Whenshefinallydecidedtoseeadoctoraboutthepain,sheexpectedtogetacleanbillofhealth.判斷，當Jahn去看醫(yī)生時，她想收到自己身體健康的證明。C【解析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中的“Shespentsixmonthsinawheelchair”可知，在手術(shù)之后，她

被困在輪椅中六個月，故選擇C項，其他選項不符合文意。4.C【解析】推理判斷題。通讀最后一段可知，Jahn想告訴她的孩子們，無論生活中經(jīng)歷了什么，人仍然可以保持樂觀積極，仍然可以追逐自己的夢想。故推斷她希望為孩子們樹立榜樣，故選擇C項。BMinutesafterthelastmovieendedyesterdayatthePlazaTheater,employeeswerebusysweepinguppopcornsandgatheringcokecups.Itwasascenethathadbeenrepeatedmanytimesinthetheater's75-yearhistory.Thistime,however,thecleanupwasalittledifferent.Asonegroupofworkerscarriedouttherubbish,anothergroupbeganremovingseatsandothertheaterequipmentinpreparationforthebuilding'send.ThefilmclassicTheLastPictureShowwasthelastmovieshownintheoldtheater.Thoughthemovieis30yearsold,mostofthe250seatswerefilledwithteary-eyedaudiencewantingtosaygood-byetotheoldbuilding.TheaterownerEdBradfordsaidhechosethemoviebecauseitseemedappropriate.Themovieissetinasmalltownwheretheonlymovietheaterispreparingtoclosedown.BradfordsaidthatlargemoderntheatersinthecitymadeitimpossibleforthePlazatocompete.Headdedthatthetheater'slocation（位置）wasalsoareason."Thisusedtobethecenteroftown,"hesaid."Nowtheareaismostlyofficebuildingsandwarehouses.＂Lastweeksomecityofficialssuggestedthecitymightbeinterestedinturningtheoldtheaterintoamuseumandpublicmeetingplace.However,theseplanswereabandonedbecauseoffinancialproblems.Bradfordsoldthebuildingandlandtoalocaldevelopmentfirm,whichplanstobuildashoppingcomplexonthelandwherethetheaterislocated.Thetheateraudiencesaidgood-byeasBradfordlockedthedoorsforthelasttime.After75yearsthePlazaTheaterhadshownitslastmovie.Thetheaterwillbemissed.5.Inwhatwaywasyesterday'scleanupatthePlazaspecial?Itmaderoomfornewequipment.Itsignaledtheclosedownofthetheater.Itwasdonewiththehelpoftheaudience.Itmarkedthe75thanniversaryofthetheater.WhywasTheLastPictureShowputon?B.Itwasaboutthehi