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VerbalSectionQuestions1to3arebasedonthefollowing①Women’srolesinliteraturehavenotevolvednearlyasrapidlyaswomen’schangingrolesinsociety,andwhilethesechangesarereflectedsomewhatinwhatiswritten,femalecharactersinmostclassicliteraturewrittenbybothmenandwomenseemtoadheretotheclassicstereotypes.②Thoughwritingduringanerainwhichim alcriticismwasvirtuallytheonlywayforawomantomaintainobjectivity,VirginiaWoolfedthenotionthatauthorsoughttoseparatefictionfromreality,andherimaginativeuseofdramaandcharacterdevelopmenttoestablishherpointcanbeevidencedinherfeministnon-fiction,mostprominentlythebattleagainstpatriarchalauthority.③Owingtoits alreferences,mostcriticshaveclaimedthatheroeuvreissomehowself-centeredoregotisticalratherthanobjective,yetintruthWoolfisnotusingher alexperiencesasameanswithwhichtoreflectuponherownself-image,butratherasawaytomorevibrantlyillustrateherexternalperceptions.多少少地反映在文學(xué)作品中時和女性筆下大多數(shù)經(jīng)典文學(xué)中的女性特征看起來還是固守著傳統(tǒng)的形象。②盡管是在一個客觀幾乎成為女性保持客觀的唯一方法的年代進行寫作，弗吉尼亞芙作家應(yīng)該將小說和事實分離開來這種觀念而且她充滿想象地運用戲劇和人物發(fā)展去樹立自己的觀點這種做法能夠在女性主義非小說中得到證明最明顯的就是在她對于父權(quán)的反抗。③由于作品中多處涉及個人，大多數(shù)批評家認(rèn)為作品某種程度上是以自我為中心或者是自我本位的而不是客觀的，但是，事實上沒有利用她個人的經(jīng)驗作為一種反應(yīng)她個人，而是作為一種更生動的詮釋外部感官的方式。ThepassageisprimarilyconcerneddescribingthechallengeWoolf’sworkoncepresentedtothehermeticliterarynotionsofherdescribingthemethodbywhichWoolf’sworkcombatedthestereotypesoffemalecharacterscreatedbyherliterarypredecessorsproposingthegeneralmeritsofintroducing alintonon-fictionfeministranking,byorderofpermanence,Woolf’smostlastingcontributionstofeministexploringtheinfluenceWoolfhadonsubsequentgenerationsoffeministwritersand的。所以A正確。文章最后一句的確提到弗吉尼亞芙的這種寫法（introducingthe alintonon-fictionfeministliterature）的優(yōu)點：morevibrantlyillustrateherexternalperceptions，但這文章沒有按照持久性對弗吉尼亞芙的成就進行沒有提到芙對于后面作家的影響itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatinWoolf’slifetime,womenwritersavoidedconflatingfactionandfictionbecausetodosoimedontheirwriting’sContaminatedtheirwriting’sUnderminedtheirwriting’snarrativeRestrictedtheirwriting’sLimitedtheirwriting’s，寫作，弗吉尼亞芙作家應(yīng)該將小說和事實分離開來這種觀念”由此可見B選項，女作家，其他選項中的vividness,narrativecoherence,resonance,perceptivenessItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheauthorviewsthecriticalreceptionthatWoolf’sworkhasreceivedaslargelyirrelevant,inthatithaspaidtoomuchattentiontowritersoffemalestereotypesinsteadofthosewhohavechallengedtheminsufficientlypraiseful,inthatitfailstoacknowledgetheextenttowhichWoolfattackedthestereotypesofhertimebalanced,inthatbothWoolf’scontributiontothefightagainstfeministstereotypesandhertechnicallimitationsareusuallyacknowledgedofteninappropriate,inthatcriticsoftenmistakethealreferencesinherworkasevidenceofself-absorption,insteadofavalidtechniquemostlyincisive,inthatitpointsouttheunfortunateegotistismofherwritingwhichdiminisheditsoverallpositiveaspectsD選項正確。Airrelevant批評家對芙作品沒有贊揚的態(tài)度，所以praiseful錯誤stereotypesC選項錯誤。DIncisiveQuestion13isbasedonthefollowingreadingJohn,anexpertingametheory,predictsthatnegotiationscannotberesolvedunlessonepartyiswillingtoconcedeasymbolicstep.Healsobelievesthatwhenasymbolicstepofconcessionistaken,negotiationswillberesolved.Othergametheoryexperts,however,believethattheseresultsdonottakeothervariablesintoaccount.Whichofthefollowing,iftrue,bestsupportsthecontentioninthelastJudgingthe eofaparticularnegotiationrequiresknowingaboutothernegotiationsthathavetakenplaceinthepast.Learningwhetheracertainnegotiationstrategyisgoodrequiresobservinghowthatstrategyworksthroughseveralnegotiatingsessions.Partieswhoarewillingtotakeasymbolicsteparemorelikelytocompletenegotiationssuccessfullyforotherreasons.Makinganegotiationsuccessfulrequiresknowingthecontextofsymbolicstepsthatapartyinthenegotiationsmightdesire.Questions15to16arebasedonthefollowingreading①Researchershavenotedthatantsarrangetheirdeadusingthesameprinciplesthoughttoproducethemarkingsonanimalskinandontropicalseass,afirstclearexampleofso-calledTuringpatternsinhigherorganisms.②Turingarguedthatactivationoccursthroughafeedbackprocessthatamplifiessmallvariationsintheconcentrationofoneoftheingredients,whileinhibitioncausesaconcentrationofactivitytosuppresstheappearanceofsimilarconcentrationsnearby.③Antgraveyardsareanexampleofaself-amplifyingactivationprocess:antsaremorelikelytodropacorpseonapilethanelsewhere,andbecausecollectingbodiesandaddingthemtoapilesweepsthesurroundingspaceclear,newcemeteriesareinhibitedfromappearinginthevicinityofexistingones.④Whileactivator-inhibitormechanismshavepreviouslybeenproposedtoexplainhowpredatorsandpreydistributethemselvesacrossanecosystem,itisthefirsttimesuchasystemhasconclusivelyproventhatTuring’sprocessoperatesatthelevelofcoloniesandTheauthorconsiderstheexampleofthecreationofantcemeteriestobenovelforwhichofthefollowingreasons?Antcemeteriesexhibitelementsofactivationbutnotinhibition,apropositionformerlyquestionedbyTuring’stheory.AntcemeteriesexhibitTuringpatternsintheabsenceofthepredator-preyAntcemeteriesinvolveself-amplificationactivation,asopposedtoamplificationfromoutsideAntsareconsideredahigherorganism,inwhichTuringpatternshaveneverpreviouslybeenTuring’stheoryhasonlyexplainedthedistributionofantsacrosstheecosystem,until文章第一句說“螞蟻……，這是第一個關(guān)于高等生 模式的清晰的例子，所以從第三句可知，AntcemeteriesactivationinhibitionAThemainideaofthepassageisexplanationsoftheprocessbywhichhigherorganismsexplainthemselveshaveremainedelusiveuntilnowself-amplifyingactivationprocessesmayonedayexplainmostnaturalscientistshavediscoveredthefirstproofofTuringpatternstohigherorganismexplanationsofhoworganismsorganizethemselvesintopatternsarenolongersoelusiveastheyoncewereactivationprocessesareessentialtothesurvivalofmanyant第七題不Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatwhichofthefollowingmightbeanexampleofaninhibitormechanismalreadyproventooperateinnature?Preyingmantisfemalescannibalizetheirmates,limitingpopulationgrowthoftheirBeetlestendtocollectinlargegroups,causinginternecinebattlesbetweenSeaturtlestendtoavoidlayingtheireggsveryclosetooneanother,causingtheirprogenytodistributeevenlythroughouttheocean.Birdswhichsettleuponthepeakofamountainnaturallytendtobuildneststogethertoachievesafetyinnumbers.Oysterstendtodeveloponlytoacertainsize,duetothelimitingeffectsofbacteriagrowthwithintheirss.VerbalSectionQuestion7isbasedonthefollowingreadingThechemicaladenosineisreleasedbybraincellswhenthosecellsareactive.Adenosinethenbindstomoreandmoresitesoncellsincertainareasofthebrain,asthetotalamountreleasedgraduallyincreasesduringwakefulness.Duringsleep,thenumberofsitestowhichadenosineisbounddecreases.Someresearchershavehypothesizedthatitisthecumulativebindingofadenosinetoalargenumberofsitesthatcausestheonsetofsleep.Whichofthefollowing,iftrue,providesthemostsupportfortheresearchers'Evenafterlongperiodsofsleepwhenadenosineisatitslowestconcentrationinthebrain,thenumberofbraincellsboundwithadenosineremainsverylarge.Caffeine,whichhastheeffectofmakingpeopleremainwakeful,isknowntointerferewiththebindingofadenosinetositesonbraincells.Besidesbindingtositesinthebrain,adenosineisknowntobeinvolvedinbiochemicalreactionsthroughoutthebody.SomeareasofthebrainthatarerelativelyinactivenonethelessreleasesomeStressresultingfromadangeroussituationcanpreservewakefulnessevenwhenbrainlevelsofboundadenosinearehigh.Question8and9arebasedonthefollowingreading①Scientistshavelongspeculatedastotheextentthatinbreedingcontributestothedeclineandeventualextinctionoflargeassimilatedpopulations,mostagreeingthatinnaturalpopulationstheimpactofinbreedingdepressiononpopulationsurvivalisinsignificantincomparisontothatofdemographicandenvironmentalvariables.②Whilethereisampleevidenceoffitnessreductionduetoinbreedingdepressionincaptivity,nofieldstudiesonnaturalpopulationshavebeenconductedtotesttheproposedeffectonextinction.③However,SaccherirecentlyfoundinhisstudyofalargemetapopulationoftheGlanvillefritillarybutterflythatextinctionriskincreasedsignificantlywithdecreasingheterozygosity,anindicationofinbreeding,evenafteraccountingfortheeffectsoftherelevantecologicalfactors.④Rateofmaturation,larvalsurvival,adultlongevityandegg-hatchingratewerefoundtobeadverselyaffectedbyinbreeding,andappeartobethefitnesscomponentsunderlyingtherelationshipbetweeninbreedingandextinction.⑤Onewonders,nevertheless,howapplicabletheseresultswouldbetotheincreasingnumberofspecieswithsmallisolatedpopulationsduetohabitatlossandfragmentation.①科學(xué)家長久以來都在推測近親交配導(dǎo)致大型的同化種群數(shù)量減少最終的程度大多數(shù)科學(xué)家同意，在自然種群中，比起人口統(tǒng)計特征和環(huán)境因素的變化，近交對于種群生存的影響的微不足道。②盡管存在大量的證明圈養(yǎng)過程中近交導(dǎo)致了健康水平的下降，然而，對于自然種群，還沒有進行野外去測試人們近交對于物種的影響③然而，SaccheriGlanvillefritillarybutterfly的一個大型集合種群的研究中發(fā)現(xiàn)隨著雜合性的減少物種的顯著的增加了而雜合性減少是近親交配的象征，孵化率等都會受到近親交配的影響而且看起來是健康要素導(dǎo)致了了近親交配與物種WhichofthefollowingbestdescribestheorganizationoftheAcommonviewpointispresented,itsinsufficiencyispointedoutandasolutionissuggestedbutqualified.Athesisispresented,andascientificstudyiscitedinsupport,thenAquestionisarticulated,twopossiblesolutionsareoffered,thenoneisdecidedAscientificstudyisexplained,itsresultsquestioned,andanewthesisisAthesisisarticulated,thenascientificstudyisexplainedwhichleadstonewinsufficiencySaccheri的研究一定程度上證明了近親交配和物種之間的關(guān)系，即解決了這一insufficiency，但是第五句又了Saccheri的理論不能解釋的現(xiàn)象，即qualify（限制）了Saccheri的理論。所以正確答案A。Bascientificstudyisinsupporttwopossiblesolutionsscientificstudy，DEIfthephenomenon“extinctionriskincreasedsignificantlywithdecreasingheterozygosity”agreeswiththeproposedeffectonextinction,thepassageassumes heterozygosityisunrelatedtothedegreeofinbreedingdepressioninassimilatedheterozygosityisanindicatorofdecreasinginbreedingdepressioninisolatedheterozygosityisanindicatorofincreasinginbreedingdepressioninisolated 文章第三句中說“extinctionriskincreasedsignificantlywithdecreasingheterozygosity,aninbreedingassimilatedpopulationisolatedpopulationE。Questions13to14arebasedonthefollowingreading①WhatoccurredduringthefourcenturiesofattemptedEuropeanconquestintheAmericasmerelyextendedthecontinuumofhistoryintoanewarena.②Thesuccessesofthesenewarrivalsandtheirdescendants,consistentwiththehistoricaltendenciesinhumanbehavior,cameattheexpenseofpeoplewhosekinship-basedtribalsystemstilloperatedoncommunitarian,ifexclusive,③Onlythetribesofthesouthernhemispherehad efullysettledandhadenteredintotheirowneraofempire-building.④Unfortunay,theEuropeanpeoplehadachievedbothtechnologicalandorganizationalsuperiorityasthesecharacteristicsappliedtotheartofwarfarewhereasthetribesofthesouthernhemispherehadnumbersintheirfavorbuthadnotimefortheadoptionofEuropeanweaponryorstrategy,asituationthatcontrastedsharplywiththatinNorthAmericawherethetribesgainedconsiderableaccesstomodernweaponsandweremoreflexibleintheirstrategies.⑤ThetwomostimportantadvantagestheEuropean-Americanspossessedinthenorthwastheendlessstreamofmigrationthatmorethanreplacedthepopulationlostduringwarfare,andaproductionsystemcenteredinlargeandrelativelysecurepopulationcenters.，①四世紀(jì)時歐洲人企圖征服美洲人這一事件僅僅是將歷史的連續(xù)劇擴展到了一個新的舞并且已經(jīng)進入了他們建造自己的時期④不幸的是當(dāng)這些特征運用于的時候，沒有時間去吸納歐洲的或者策略，這種情況與的部落形成鮮明對照的部落很大程度上接觸到了現(xiàn)代并且在策略上更加靈活⑤毆裔美洲人在北方得到的兩個最重要的優(yōu)，Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatfromahistorical,theEuropeanconquestoftheAmericascanbeviewedasmostsimilartoearliersuccessfulmostdifferentfromearlierfailedmostdissimilartoearliersuccessfulmostogoustoearlierfailedunlikeanyearlierconquestsinhistory,successfulorForthefollowingquestion,considereachofthechoicesseparayandselectallthatAccordingtothepassage,EuropeanconquerorshadwhichofthefollowingadvantagesinNorthTheypossessedalargerpopulationtoreplacecasualtiesintheirconquestofNorthAmericathantheydidintheSouth.TheyhadalreadygainedexperienceintheSouthernconquestthatwasnotformerlyTheyhadaccesstoweaponrysuperiortothatwhichwasemployedintheSouthernQuestion18isbasedonthefollowingreadingIntheUnitedStates,ofthepeoplewhomovedfromonestatetoanotherwhentheyretired,thepercentagewhoretiredtoFloridahasdecreasedbythreepercentagepointsoverthepasttenyears.SincemanylocalbusinessesinFloridacatertoretirees,thesedeclinesarelikelytohaveanoticeablynegativeeconomiceffectonthesebusinessesandthereforeontheeconomyofWhichofthefollowing,iftrue,mostseriouslyweakenstheargumentPeoplewhomovedfromonestatetoanotherwhentheyretiredmovedagreaterdistance,onaverage,lastyearthansuchpeopledidtenyearsago.PeopleweremorelikelytoretiretoNorthCarolinafromanotherstatelastyearthanpeopleweretenyearsago.Thenumberofpeoplewhomovedfromonestatetoanotherwhentheyretiredhasincreasedsignificantlyoverthepasttenyears.ThenumberofpeoplewholeftFloridawhentheyretiredtoliveinanotherstatewasgreaterlastyearthanitwastenyearsago.Floridaattractsmorepeoplewhomovefromonestatetoanotherwhentheyretirethandoesanyotherstate.Questions19to20arebasedonthefollowingreading①The“coldfusion”phenomenonmaybeattributedtoexperimentalerrorsmistakenlyindicatinganexcessproductionofenergy.②Thosetheoriesexplainingcoldfusionrequirerevisionsinexistingtheories,andscientificskepticismrequiresthatunlesstheexperimentalevidencejustifiesbeliefinthesemiracles,onemustconcludethatexperimentalerrorsarebeingmisinterpretedaspositiveproofofcoldfusion’spossibility.③Onewouldexpecthalfofallcarefulenergy-balancemeasurementsincoldfusionexperimentstoindicateexcessenergy,andabouthalftoshowanenergydeficit,experimentalerrorspreadstheresultsaroundtheexpected e.④Therecentpreponderanceofresultsshowingexcessenergymightindicatesomethingnew,butifoneisdeliberaysearchingforexcessenergy,thenonemaybeableto“optimize”acomplicatedsys