基礎(chǔ)液壓知識(shí)培訓(xùn)

ISOSymbols標(biāo)準(zhǔn)圖例HydraulicTheory液壓原理1ISOSYMBOLS標(biāo)準(zhǔn)圖例2WorkingCircuits

工作油路Continuous,solidline-Working(Main)Line,ReturnLine(lineconductingfluidfromworkingdevicestothereservoir)andFeedLine(mainlineconductor)連續(xù)實(shí)線---工作(主)油路，回油管路（控制從工作部件到液壓油箱）和送油管路（主油路）。3WorkingCircuits

工作油路DashedLine-Pilotline短劃線---控制油路(linewhichcontrolsfluid控制液體流動(dòng)的油路)4DrainCircuits

回油管路DottedLine-DrainLine(drainorbleedline-lineconductingfluidfromacomponenthousingtothereservoir)點(diǎn)線---回油管路(從部件回到油箱)5Components

組件LongChainLine

-Enclosureoutlineforseveralcomponentsassembledinoneunit點(diǎn)劃線---圍住一個(gè)部裝的幾個(gè)組件。6ConnectedJunctionofOilLines油路交叉接點(diǎn)FlowLineConnection油路連接linesareconnectedasindictedbydot表示兩條管路被連接在一起...7OilLinesCrossing

油路交叉LinesNOTConnected油路沒有連接linescrossbutarenotconnected油路交叉但沒有連接8Coupler

聯(lián)結(jié)器Quick-ActingCoupling(uncoupled,closedbynon-returnvalve)快速接頭（單向閥附近）910QRC快速接頭HydraulicPump

液壓泵Convertsmechanicalenergyintohydraulicenergy將機(jī)械能轉(zhuǎn)化為液壓能。11HydraulicPump

液壓泵FixedCapacityDisplacementPump(withonedirectionofflow)固定流量往復(fù)式活塞泵（單向流動(dòng)）Outlet出口Inlet入口12HydraulicPump

液壓泵VariableCapacityDisplacementBidirectionalPump(withtwodirectionsofflow)可變流量雙向往復(fù)式柱塞泵（可雙向流動(dòng)）13HydraulicPump

液壓泵VariableCapacityDisplacementDirectionalPump(withsingledirectionofflow)可變流量單向往復(fù)式柱塞泵（單向流動(dòng)）。.1415BucketPump鏟斗泵AlternatorPump發(fā)電機(jī)泵Brake/SteerPump剎車/轉(zhuǎn)向泵HydraulicMotor

液壓馬達(dá)Usedtoconverthydraulicenergyintorotarymechanicalenergy將液壓能轉(zhuǎn)化為旋轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)能。16HydraulicMotor

液壓馬達(dá)FixedCapacityDisplacementBi-directional固定流量雙向轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)1718Alternator發(fā)電機(jī)Alternatormotor發(fā)電機(jī)馬達(dá)Valveprovidingfortheopening(fullyorrestricted)ofoilflow.閥用于控制油路通或斷。Theclosingofoneormoreflowpaths(representedbyseveralsquares)各個(gè)過程用幾個(gè)方塊表示。DirectionalControlValve

方向控制閥19DirectionalControlValve

方向控制閥OpenCenter中間通

PilotActivated(threeposition)液壓調(diào)節(jié)（3個(gè)位置）Controlledbypressure(withreturnspring)壓力控制（有復(fù)位彈簧）20DirectionalControlValve

方向控制閥ClosedCenter中間斷開PilotActivated(threeposition)液壓調(diào)節(jié)（3個(gè)位置）Controlledbypressure(withreturnspring)壓力控制（有復(fù)位彈簧）21SolenoidActivated(twoposition)電磁線圈調(diào)節(jié)（2個(gè)位置）ControlledbyanElectricalSolenoid(withreturnspring)電磁線圈控制（有復(fù)位彈簧）DirectionalControlValve

方向控制閥22PilotActivated(twoposition)液壓調(diào)節(jié)（2個(gè)位置）Controlledbypressure(withreturnspring)壓力控制（有復(fù)位彈簧）DirectionalControlValve

方向控制閥23Directionalcontrolvalvesmaybeoperatedinanumberofways.Wewillgiveyouafewexamplesofwhatusestoengagethesevalves.

方向控制閥有很多用途，下面將舉例說明如何使用這些閥。DirectionalControlValve

方向控制閥24ControlValve

控制閥ActivatedByaPullButton(manual)按鈕調(diào)節(jié)（手動(dòng)）25ControlValve

控制閥ActivatedByaPush-PullButton(manual)推拉鈕調(diào)節(jié)（手動(dòng)）26ControlValve

控制閥ActivatedByaLever(manual)操縱桿調(diào)節(jié)（手動(dòng)）27ControlValve

控制閥ActivatedByaPedal(manual)踏板調(diào)節(jié)（手動(dòng)）28ControlValve

控制閥ActivatedByanElectricSolenoid(electrical)電磁線圈調(diào)節(jié)（電動(dòng)）29ControlValve

控制閥ActivatedByanElectricPWMSolenoid(electrical)可調(diào)電磁線圈調(diào)節(jié)（電動(dòng)）30ControlValve

控制閥ActivatedbyPilotPressure液壓調(diào)節(jié)31ControlValve

控制閥WithSpringReturn(mechanical)彈簧復(fù)位（機(jī)械）32ControlValve

控制閥(HoldsValveinposition)-Deviceformaintainingagivenposition(mechanical)保持閥的位置---由裝置設(shè)定位置（機(jī)械）WithDetent定位凹槽3334HydraulicCylinders

液壓油缸Equipmenttoconverthydraulicenergyintolinearenergyandinwhichthefluidpressureoperatesalternatelyinbothdirections(forwardandbackward)

油缸將液壓能轉(zhuǎn)化為線性能量，提供一條線上交替的兩個(gè)方向的工作壓力（向前和向后）。35HydraulicCylinder

液壓油缸DoubleActing;UnequalDisplacement(withsinglepistonrod)雙動(dòng)；不平衡位移（單個(gè)活塞桿）。3637BucketEjectorCylinder鏟斗油缸有桿腔一側(cè)無桿腔一側(cè)HydraulicCylinder

液壓油缸DoubleEnded,EqualDisplacementeachend(withsinglepistonrod)雙頭，兩端位移平衡（單個(gè)活塞桿）。38Filter

過濾器StrainerorScreen-Forfluidconditioning濾網(wǎng)或篩子---用于液體過濾39Filter過濾器StrainerorScreen-Forfluidconditioningwithbypass濾網(wǎng)或篩子---用于帶旁通的液體過濾4041MediumPressureFilterwithBypassVentedandFilteredReservoir

通風(fēng)口和過濾油箱Reservoiropentoatmosphere油箱處于常壓下4243BreatherFilter呼吸過濾器DustIndicator污染指示器Pressurized,VentedandFilteredReservoir

受到壓力的通風(fēng)口和過濾油箱PressurizedReservoir充壓油箱44OilCooler

油冷器HeatExchanger-Thearrowsinthediamondindicatetheextractionofheat(heatdissipation)熱交換器---菱形中的箭頭表示散熱4546HeatExcharger熱交換器HotOilIn熱油進(jìn)CoolOilOut冷油出CoolWaterIn冷水進(jìn)HotWaterOut熱水出ReliefValve

溢流閥WhentheInletpressureovercomestheopposingforceofthespring,thevalveopenspermittingflowtothereturnport當(dāng)進(jìn)口壓力超過彈簧的反作用力時(shí)，閥將打開，允許回流。PressureOil帶壓油ReturnOil回油4748PressureReducingValve減壓閥WhentheOutletpressureovercomestheopposingforceofthespring,thevalveclosesstoppingflowtothereturnport當(dāng)出口壓力超過彈簧的反作用力時(shí)，閥將關(guān)閉，停止回流。PressureOil帶壓油

ReducedPressureOil減壓后的油49CheckValve

單向閥(CheckValve)-UsedasReplenishingValve,LoadCheckValveorAnti-cavitationValve-OpensiftheInletpressureishigherthantheOutletpressure.Oftencontainsinternalspringwhichhasnosignificantpressurevalue單向閥---當(dāng)進(jìn)口壓力大于出口壓力時(shí)，閥打開。一般內(nèi)含壓力不大的彈簧。5051CheckValve單向閥CheckValve

單向閥(PilotOperatedCheckValve)–Pilotoperatedcheckopensreturnpathforoilwhenpressureisappliedtotheotherline.液壓控制單向閥---當(dāng)另一油路施加壓力時(shí)，單向閥旁路回油。52Restriction

節(jié)流口LinewithFixedrestriction-AffectedbyViscosity(propertyofresistancetoflowingfluid)油路有固定節(jié)流口---受液體粘性（流體的阻力性能）影響。53節(jié)流孔><用于流量調(diào)節(jié)以達(dá)到執(zhí)行元件的速度控制VariableAdjustmentRestriction

可調(diào)節(jié)的節(jié)流口RegulatedorVariableRestriction可調(diào)節(jié)流口Variableasindicatedbythediagonalarrow斜箭頭表示可變54OneWayRestrictorValve

單向節(jié)流閥(Non-ReturnValvewithRestriction)-Unitallowingfreeflowinonedirectionbutrestrictedflowintheotherdirection

帶節(jié)流的單向閥---允許沿一個(gè)方向的自由流動(dòng)，反方向則受到節(jié)流。5556OneWayRestrictorValve單向節(jié)流閥ShuttleValve

梭閥TheInletportconnectedtothehigherpressureisautomaticallyconnectedtotheOutletportwhiletheotherInletportisclosed當(dāng)某一進(jìn)口壓力高于另一進(jìn)口時(shí)，自動(dòng)連接該高壓力進(jìn)口到出口，同時(shí)關(guān)閉另一進(jìn)口。Out出口In進(jìn)口In進(jìn)口5758123Shuttlevalve梭閥“3”to“2”or“1”to“2”DifferentialPressureSwitch

壓差開關(guān)Switchactivateswhenpressuredifferencereachesspecifiedlevel當(dāng)壓力差到達(dá)指定值時(shí)，開關(guān)啟動(dòng)59Muffler

消聲器Silencer-Reducesnoise消聲器---降低噪音6061LH203消音器HydraulicTheory液壓原理62RelationshipofF,P,A

F,P,A的關(guān)系F（力）=磅P（壓強(qiáng)）=PSIA（面積）=平方英寸63Definitions

概念PRESSURE-

theamountofforceafluid(liquidorgas)exertsagainstaspecificarea.MeasuredinPSIorkPa.壓強(qiáng)---單位面積上受到的流體（液體或者氣體）的壓力。單位是磅/平方英寸(PSI)或者千帕(KPa)。FORCE-isanactionthatiscreatedwhenapushorpullisinitiated.壓力---當(dāng)推或拉時(shí)產(chǎn)生的作用。FLOW-movementofafluid.FlowRateismeasuredinGPMorL/min.流動(dòng)---液體的運(yùn)動(dòng)。流動(dòng)速率的單位是加侖/分鐘(GPM)或升/分鐘(L/min)。64Force=