船用柴油機氮氧化物排放控制技術規(guī)

OECDCONFERENCE

ONCORPORATERESPONSIBILITY

Paris,15thMarch2009BrunoLevesque,PrincipalAdministrator,FinancialEducation1OECDprogrammeonfinancialeducationRecognisingtheneedforpolicymakersandotherrelevantstakeholderstomeettheobjectiveofimprovingfinancialeducation,theOECDlaunchedin2oo3its

“internationalprogrammeonfinancialeducation”UndertheaegisoftheOECDCommitteeonFinancialMarketsandtheOECDInsuranceandPrivatePensionsCommittee2OECDFinancialEducationProgramme

--Treepillars--AnalyticalSurveys,reportsandpublicationsonabroadrangeoffinancialeducationissuesandtopicsStandardsettingOECDPrinciplesandGoodPracticesforFinancialEducationandAwareness(2005)GoodPracticesforEnhancedRiskAwarenessandEducationonInsuranceIssues(2008)GoodPracticesforFinancialEducationRelatingtoPrivatePensions(2008)GoodPracticesonFinancialEducationandAwarenessRelatingtoCredit(May2009)InternationalcooperationConferencesandeventsInternationalNetworkandGateway34Whatisfinancialeducation?5Financial

Education6Whyisfinancialeducationandawarenesssoimportant?7OECDTrends

Weobservethatindividualsfaceincreasingfinancialrisksandcostsdueto:IncreasedcomplexityMultiplicationofinexperiencedconsumersHouseholdsaretakingonmorefinancialriskandresponsibility.Thisistrueforbothcreditdecisionsandretirementsavings.Theshifttodefinedcontributionpensionschemestransfersbothinvestmentandlongevityriskstoindividuals.Willtheymaketherightdecisions?Themarketforadjustable,variable,interestonlymortgageloans(sometimesalsoinforeigncurrency)hasexplodedinseveralcountriesandtransferinterestratesriskonhouseholds8ConsumersareclearlynotpreparedtofacethesechallengesandrisksWorldwidesurveysshowtheleveloffinancialliteracyislowinallcountries,includingindevelopedcountries.Worse:consumersoftenoverestimatetheirfinancialunderstandingandthusdonotseektoimproveitConsumerpressuresexacerbatedinthecrisiscontextFinancialcrisisevolvedintoarecessionOver50millionjobstobelost(accordingtotheUN)RevenuelossinmanyhouseholdsAssetvaluesgoingdownDecreasedvalueofpropertyPlungingpensionfundreturns(>$5trillioninlosses)ThecrisisCausesaremultifaceted:

--solvency --accountingrules --deleveraging --regulatoryarbitrage --liquidity --securitisation --ratingagencies --etc…11ResponsesResultinginitiativesaremultidimensional: --Incentives --Macro-prudentialreforms --Corporategovernance --Taxation --Businessenvironmentandcompetitionpolicy --Tradeandinvestment --Macroeconomic,fiscalandlabourmarketpoliciesParticularityofOECD’sstrategicresponse:RecognizesthelackoffinancialeducationandawarenessofbothindividualsandinstitutionsProposesconsumerprotectionandeducationpolicyactions12OECDstrategicresponsetothecrisisTwokeyconsumer-relateddeliverables:SurveyonfinancialeducationandthecrisisconductedwithintheINFEframeworkOECDRecommendationonGoodPracticesonFinancialEducationandAwarenessRelatingtoCredit

1.ResultsofthesurveyonfinancialeducationandthecrisisLackoffinancialliteracyisoneofthecontributorstothecrisisandinparticularofitsaggravationThecrisisanditsconsequenceshavehighlightedtheneedforenhancedlevelofaccountabilityoffinancialinstitutionsvis-à-vistheirclientsandconsumersTheyhavealsoraisedawarenessontheneedforincreasedfinancialliteracyandcapabilityof

householdsandpolicymakersThecrisisasa?

teachablemoment

?ThecrisisasatriggerforpolicyactionsinthefinancialeducationareaFinancialliteracyandcapabilityisnowconsideredas:oneofthepillarsoffinancialstabilityanessentiallife-skillforhouseholds A

seriesoffinancialawarenessandeducationpolicymeasureshavebeenintroducedtoaddresstheeffectsofthecrisis2.OECDGoodPracticesonFinancialEducationandAwarenessRelatingtoCreditAdoptedinMay2009asaCouncilRecommendationCoversmainstakeholders’rolesandresponsibilitiesinenhancingpublicawarenessandcapabilityoncreditissues,includingrolesof:OECDGovernmentsandotherAuthoritiesOthersocialandbusinesspartnersNGOsCreditmarketplayers15RoleofcreditmarketplayersRoleshouldbewelldefinedandpartoftheirgoodgovernanceLiableforensuringstaff’straining,qualificationandcompetenceUseof“duediligence”standardstoassessconsumers’profilesshouldbemandatoryforallcreditprovidersaspartoftheunderwritingprocess16Roleofcreditmarketplayers(cont’d)4.Informationdisclosedshouldbedistinguishedfromadvertisingandpromotion.5.Responsibleforensuringconsumers’understandingofproductstheypurchase6.Shouldensuresuitableandeasilyaccessibleconsumerinformationabouttheirrighttorecourse.7.Intermediariesorthirdpartiesshouldhavesameliabilitiesandobligationsasanycreditmarketparticipant.17ConclusionThiscrisisrepresentsauniqueteachablemomentforallstakeholdersontheimportanceoffinancialeducationandawareness.Financialeducationsitsalongsideeffectiveregulationasaconsumerprotectionmeasureandisnotareplacementforasafeandfairmarketorforeffectiveregulation.TheOECDwil