基本句型與翻譯

漢語(yǔ)基本句型的翻譯英語(yǔ)的基本句型SV(intransitiveverb)

Ironrusts.SVC(linkingverb)

Themanisateacher.SVO(monotransitiveverb)

Liverpoolwonthegame.SVoO(ditransitiveverb)

Isenthimatelegram.SVOC(complextransitiveverb)

Theyelectedhimpresident.

（陳宏薇p151“八種”）1.主謂單句

1.防止主語(yǔ)機(jī)械對(duì)應(yīng)南京近幾年發(fā)生了巨大變化。Therehavebeengreatchanges…

Greatchangeshavetakenplace…

Theseyearshavewitnessed(seen)greatchanges…

Nanjinghasbeencracklingwiththedynamicsofchanges…這個(gè)地區(qū)多雨。Itrainsalotinthisarea.

Peoplehavemuchraininthisarea.

Thisareaseesmuchrain.

Thereismuchraininthisarea.主謂單句防止謂語(yǔ)機(jī)械對(duì)應(yīng)你們要搞調(diào)查研究。Youshoulddosomeinvestigationandstudy.別搞那么多菜了。Don’tcooksomanydishes.這家企業(yè)是由一個(gè)個(gè)體戶搞起來(lái)的。Thisenterprisewasstartedbyaself-employedworker.

你們把事情搞糟了。Youhavemadeamessofthings.他思想搞通了，精神也愉快了。Oncehestraightenedouthisideas,hebecamecheerfulagain.

你搞什么鬼？Whattricksareyouplaying?他身體搞垮了。Hehasruinedhishealth.他是搞法律的。Heisinthelaw.2.無(wú)主句漢語(yǔ)祈使句請(qǐng)打開窗戶！你的車票！無(wú)主句漢語(yǔ)含有號(hào)召、要求、規(guī)定等意味為建設(shè)一個(gè)社會(huì)主義強(qiáng)國(guó)而奮斗。Strivetobuildagreatsocialistcountry.軍校每天夜里都要有一名軍官值班。Theremustbeoneofficeronnightdutyinmilitaryacademy.要警惕“右”和“左”的影響，特別是“左”的根深蒂固的影響。Itisnecessary/important/imperativetobeonguardagainsttheinfluenceofboththeRightandtheLeftdeviations,particularlyagainstthedeep-rooted“Left”influence.無(wú)主句漢語(yǔ)是敘事或論理認(rèn)識(shí)落后，才能去改變落后。學(xué)習(xí)先進(jìn)，才有可能趕超先進(jìn)。Backwardnessmustbeperceivedbeforeitcanbechanged.Apersonmustlearnfromtheadvancedbeforehecancatchupandsurpassthem.(Onlywhen…canhe)不入虎穴，焉得虎子？Ifonedoesnotenterthetiger’sden,howcanhegetatiger’scub?學(xué)而時(shí)習(xí)之，不亦說(shuō)乎？有朋自遠(yuǎn)方來(lái)，不亦樂(lè)乎？Isitnotapleasureafteralltopracticeinduetimewhatonehaslearnt?Isitnotadelightafteralltohavefriendscomefromafar?無(wú)主句上文出現(xiàn)過(guò)的或出現(xiàn)在對(duì)話中的人和物。年景不好，柴米又貴；幾件舊衣服和舊家具，當(dāng)?shù)漠?dāng)了，賣的賣了；只靠著我替人家做些針線活尋來(lái)的錢，如何供得起你讀書？----《儒林外史》Timesarehard,andfuelandriceareexpensive.Ouroldclothesantourfewsticksoffurniturehavebeenpawnedorsold.WehavenothingtoliveonbutwhatImakebymysewing.HowcanIpayforyourschooling?無(wú)主句慣用法剩下的時(shí)間不多了。Thereisverylittletimeleft.

沒(méi)有不透風(fēng)的墻。Wallshaveears.

給了他兩天時(shí)間做些必要的準(zhǔn)備。Twodayswereallowedhimformakingthenecessarypreparations.3.流水句在中國(guó)要是沒(méi)有自行車，生活是難以想象的，可是沒(méi)有多少年以前，人們還把自行車看成奢侈品，很多人都買不起，再說(shuō)，自行車也供不應(yīng)求呀。ItishardtoimaginewhatlifewouldbelikeinChinawithoutthebicycle.Yetitwasn’tsomanyyearsagothatabicyclewasconsideredaluxury,beyondthereachofmanypeople.Moreoveritwasinshortsupply.不一會(huì)，北風(fēng)小了。路上浮沉早已刮凈，剩下一條潔白的大道來(lái)，車夫也跑得更快。Presentlythewinddroppedalittle.Bynowtheloosedusthadallbeenblownaway,leavingtheroadwaycleanandtherickshawmanquickenedhispace.4.主題句（外位結(jié)構(gòu)）能不能盡快地把科學(xué)技術(shù)搞上去，這是一個(gè)關(guān)系到社會(huì)主義建設(shè)的全局，關(guān)系到我們國(guó)家命運(yùn)與前途的大問(wèn)題。Whetherscienceandtechnologycanbepushedforwardasquicklyaspossibleisaquestionofvitalimportanceforsocialistconstructionasawholeandforthedestinyandfutureofourcountry.災(zāi)難深重的中華民族，一百年來(lái)，其優(yōu)秀人物奮斗犧牲，前赴后繼，摸索救國(guó)救民的真理，是可歌可泣的。Forahundredyears,thefinestsonsanddaughtersofthedisaster—riddenChinesenationfoughtandsacrificedtheirlives,onesteppingintothebreachasanotherfell,inguestofthetruththatwouldsavethecountryandthepeople.Thismovedustosongandtears.5.連動(dòng)句

他到了車站發(fā)現(xiàn)火車已經(jīng)開走了。Arrivingatthestation,shefoundthatthetrainhadleft.看到這種情況，他們開始跳舞，他們跳呀，跳呀，一直跳了個(gè)通宵。Whentheysawthis,theybegantodance.Andtheydancedanddancedallnight.從那以后，他就像戴上了籠頭，成年累月地給地主當(dāng)牛做馬，過(guò)了一年又一年，身上的債越背越重，眼前的路越走越艱難。Wearilyheplodded,dayinanddayout,abeastofburden,onatrackbesetwithmoreandmoredifficulties,withhisdebtallthewhilegrowingheavierandheavier.6.兼語(yǔ)句

（1）把第二個(gè)動(dòng)詞譯為英語(yǔ)的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)我們迫切需要錢購(gòu)買我們需要的機(jī)器。Wewantedmoneybadlytobuythemachinesweneeded.要身體健康，就必須使房子保持整潔。Ifyouwanttobehealthy,youmustkeepyourroomcleanandtidy.我們將隨時(shí)讓你知道情況。we’llkeepyouinformed.我們真誠(chéng)的祝你們成功。wecordiallywishyousuccess.老師讓他的學(xué)生都進(jìn)來(lái)。Theteacheraskedherstudentsin.我覺(jué)得高塔在搖動(dòng)。Ifeltthehightowershaking.（2）第一個(gè)動(dòng)詞如含有“責(zé)怪”、“批評(píng)”、“埋怨”、“贊揚(yáng)”等意味他責(zé)備兒子總是遲遲不回家。Shereproachedhersonforoftenstayingoutverylate.老師表?yè)P(yáng)他樂(lè)于助人。Theteacherpraisesherbecausesheisalwaysreadytohelp.他們譴責(zé)他的和平努力是背叛。Theycondemnedhispeaceeffortsasbetrayal.（3）第一個(gè)動(dòng)詞是“使、令、叫”等詞他的話令大家十分驚訝。Hiswordsastonishedall.日軍的暴行使全世界公眾輿論感到震驚。TheJapanesesoldiers’atrocityshockedtheworldopinion.（4）兼語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)出現(xiàn)在主語(yǔ)中他支持外國(guó)軍隊(duì)占領(lǐng)伊拉克使得世界人民更加反對(duì)他的政府。Hissupportforforeigntroop’soccupationofIraqhasturnedtheworldpeopleagainsthisgovernmentallthemore.7.意合句最近二三十年來(lái)，科學(xué)技術(shù)日新月異的發(fā)展，專業(yè)化的分工更細(xì)，協(xié)作的規(guī)模更大。Inthelast20or30years,worldscienceandtechnologyhavemadenewheadwaydaybyday,resultinginamoreminutedivisionoflabouronthebasisofspecializationandinmoreextensiveco-operation.桂林山水甲天下，陽(yáng)朔山水甲桂林。Guilin’smountainsandwatersrankfirstinChinawhileYangshuo’seventopthoseofGuilin.修身、齊家、治國(guó)、平天下。Cultivateindividualmoralcharacter,runthefamilyinunison,managethenationinorderandpeacewillprevailthroughouttheuniverse.8.主、次信息句這位民族英雄沒(méi)有死，他的故事照亮了千百萬(wàn)人的心。Thisnationalherolive