初中英語(yǔ)仁愛(ài)版八年級(jí)上冊(cè)知識(shí)點(diǎn)梳理

八年級(jí)(上冊(cè))Unit1PlaySports【考點(diǎn)解析】Topic1Areyougoingtoplaybasketball?WearegoingtohaveabasketballgameagainstClassThree.against表示“對(duì)著：反對(duì)；靠著”cheersb.on為 加油，鼓勁win和beat都可表示“贏”，但用法不同。win(won,won)一般后接比賽，獎(jiǎng)品或獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng)作賓語(yǔ)，也可作不及物動(dòng)詞，表示“贏”的結(jié)果。beat(beat,beaten)擊敗、戰(zhàn)勝，一般接對(duì)手作賓語(yǔ)，還可譯為“心臟跳動(dòng)”或“擊打”。agame 「ateamwin+事物awar beat+對(duì)手anation.,aprize !anapponent(對(duì)手)prefer寧愿，更喜歡(1)preferdoingsth.todoingsth.星艮做某事比較起來(lái)更喜歡做某事prefersb./sth.tosb./$地.跟某人/某物比較起來(lái)更喜歡人/某物(2)prefertodosth.(rather)thandosth.跟做某事比較起來(lái)更喜歡做某事(3)prefertodosth.更喜歡做某事join/takepartin(1)join參加某個(gè)政黨，團(tuán)體，組織等，成為其中的一員(2)joinsb.(indoingsth.)和某人一起(做某事)(3)joinin=takepartin參加某項(xiàng)活動(dòng)playforateam為某隊(duì)效力bein/ontheteam在某隊(duì)打球dream作名詞，“夢(mèng)，夢(mèng)想”。e.g.mydreamjob也可作動(dòng)詞dreamof/aboutsth./doingsth.“oneofthe+形容詞最高級(jí)+名詞的復(fù)數(shù)”意思是“最……之一”。breaktherecord打破記錄inthe2008BeijingOlympics在2008年北京奧運(yùn)會(huì)中。“在……比賽中”用herace/inthebasketballgamegiveup放棄。注意應(yīng)該把介詞放在中間。e.g.giveitup,giveupdoingsth放棄做某事。WhataShame=Whatapity真遺憾!SectionCspend/cost/pay/take(1)spend作“花費(fèi)”之意時(shí)，指花費(fèi)時(shí)間/精力/財(cái)力在某事或某物上，主語(yǔ)是人。(2)cost主要指花費(fèi)金錢(qián)/時(shí)間/勞力/精力等。主語(yǔ)是某物或某事。其結(jié)構(gòu)是sth.costssb….(3)paysb,酬謝某人，pay…for…可等同于spend…on…，或用cost作同義句轉(zhuǎn)換。(4)take一般指花費(fèi)時(shí)間，其主語(yǔ)是名詞或動(dòng)名詞，經(jīng)常用it作形式主語(yǔ)。doexercise=playsports做運(yùn)動(dòng)，鍛煉Therebe句型的將來(lái)時(shí)結(jié)構(gòu)為T(mén)hereis/aregoingtobe或Therewillbe。注意在Therebe句型中不能出現(xiàn)表示“有”的have和has。thehighjump跳高thelongjump跳遠(yuǎn)Sure(1)besurethat+從句e.g.Iamsurethatheisright.(2)sb.besuretodosth.某人一定會(huì)做某事。強(qiáng)調(diào)說(shuō)話人的語(yǔ)氣。(3)besureof/aboutsth./doingsth.“確信”，表示主語(yǔ)對(duì) 有把握。(4)用在祈使句里Besure(not)todosth.一定(不)做某事e.g.Besuretocomehereearly.make的用法。(1)makesb.dosth.使某人做某事。被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中要還原to?！癿akesb./sth.+形容詞”使某人或某物處于某種狀態(tài)。(3)makesth.forsb.—makesb.sth.為某人制作 begoodfor“對(duì) 有益”，反義詞組是bebadfor“對(duì) 有害”。keephealthy=keepfit保持健康SectionDplayagainst星艮 進(jìn)行比賽playwith/playagainst/playforplaywith玩耍，游戲，玩樂(lè)，與 玩耍。playagainst同 比賽。playfor為 效力。leave…for…離開(kāi)某地去某地leavefor=setofffor出發(fā)去某地.一般將來(lái)時(shí)(1)含義：表示將來(lái)某個(gè)時(shí)間要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或是存在的狀態(tài)，也表示將來(lái)經(jīng)常或反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，常與表示將來(lái)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用，如：tomorrow,soon,lateron,nexttime(week,month,year,Sunday…)等。(2)結(jié)構(gòu)為begoingtodosth.或willdosth.。Therebe句型的將來(lái)時(shí)結(jié)構(gòu)為T(mén)hereis/aregoingtobe或Therewillbe。注意在Therebe句型中不能出現(xiàn)表示“有”的have/has。(3)表示位置移動(dòng)的動(dòng)詞go,come,leave,fly,start等可以用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示將要發(fā)生的事。其中g(shù)o和come一定要用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示將來(lái)?！纠?9】(10年河北中考)Thistermover.Thesummervacationiscomingintwoweeks.A.isB.wasC.hasbeenD.willbe【例20】(10年重慶中考)Ifyoutothe2010ShanghaiExponextweek,Iwillgowithyou.A.goB.hasgoneC.willgoD.aregoing【考點(diǎn)解析】Topic2Wouldyoumindpassingmesomewater?SectionAwould/could/willyou(please)dosth.“請(qǐng)你做 好嗎？”表示委婉請(qǐng)求對(duì)方做某事，否定結(jié)構(gòu)是would/could/willyou(please)notdosth.°e.g.Wouldyoupleasenotplaythepianoloudly?fallill“生病”，beill“生病的”，強(qiáng)調(diào)一種狀態(tài)。feelill“感覺(jué)不舒服”，強(qiáng)調(diào)一種身體感受。falldown摔倒，跌倒。mind的用法(1)作動(dòng)詞，表示“介意”，常用于疑問(wèn)句或否定句中。其結(jié)構(gòu)是mindsb./sth./doingsth.對(duì)wouldyoumindsb./sb.'sdoingsth.及“wouldyoumindif+從句”的回答，如果是表達(dá)“會(huì)介意”，可用Yes,you'dbetternot./IamsorrybutIdo.如果表達(dá)“不會(huì)介意”，可用No,notatall./Nevermind./Itdoesn'tmatter./No,ofcoursenot.(2)用于提出建議。Wouldyouminddoingsth./wouldyoumindnotdoingsth?對(duì)Wouldyouminddoingsth.的回答可以用Ofcoursenot,Iwilldoitrightaway./Sorry.Iwilldoitrightaway.對(duì)wouldyoumindnotdoingsth的回答可以用Sorry,Iwon'tdoitagain/I'msorryaboutthat(4)作名詞，“思想”。setone'smindtodosth./onsth.專(zhuān)注于做某事beglad/happytodosth.樂(lè)意做某事practicesth./doingsth.練習(xí)做某事SectionBbealwaysdoingsth.老是 ，含有抱怨的感情色彩。careless形容詞，反義詞是careful。carelessly副詞，反義詞是carefully.chance機(jī)會(huì)haveachancetodosth.有機(jī)會(huì)做某事getachancetodosth.得到一個(gè)機(jī)會(huì)做某事Whatdoyoumeanbysth./doingsth.?=What,sthemeaningofsth./doingsth.?shoutatsb.朝某人喊叫，含有生氣或氣憤的感情。shouttosb.朝某人喊叫，只是為了使對(duì)方聽(tīng)到，沒(méi)有感情色彩。fightwithsb.=haveafightwithsb.與某人打架beangrywithsb.意為“生某人的氣”，如：【鏈接】(1)beangryat對(duì)某人的言行感到氣憤，(2)beangryaboutsth.對(duì)某事感到生氣，如：doone,sbesttodosth.=trytodosth.盡力做某事saysorry/hello/goodbyetosb.向某人道歉/問(wèn)候，/道be/feelsorryfor/todo為 而抱歉(難過(guò))keep的用法(1)keepsb.doingsth.使某人一直做某事“keepsb./sth.+賓補(bǔ)+adj.”使某人/某物處于某種狀態(tài)“keepsb./sth.+賓補(bǔ)+adv.”使某人/某物處于某種狀態(tài)(4)keepdoingsth.繼續(xù)不斷做某事e.(5)“keep+表語(yǔ)”，表示保持/繼續(xù)(處于某種狀態(tài))e.g.keepfit/healthy(6)贍養(yǎng)e.g.Myfatherkeepsabigfamily.(7)保存，保留e.g.HowlongcanIkeepthebook?turndown調(diào)低音量turnup調(diào)高音量turnon打開(kāi)turnoff關(guān)上注意代詞都要放在中間?！痉治霰容^】turnon"打開(kāi)(水龍頭、電視、收音機(jī)、燈、煤氣等)" turnoff“關(guān)掉(水龍頭、電視、收音機(jī)、燈、煤氣等)"。 turnup”開(kāi)大，調(diào)高"。 turndown“減少，關(guān)小”inaminute/rightaway/atonce立刻，馬上對(duì)sorry的回答可以是That'sOK(allright)./Itdoesn'tmatter./Nevermind./NotatallSectionClovedoing/todosth.喜歡做某事exciting/excitedexciting指使人感到興奮的事excited是指人對(duì) 感到興奮aswell/too/also/either/so/neither(1)too/aswell表示“也”，一般放在句末，且前用逗號(hào)隔開(kāi)，常用于肯定句。e.g.Tomisastudent；Jackisastudent,too/aswell.(2)also表示“也”，用于肯定句中，放在be動(dòng)詞、助動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后實(shí)意動(dòng)詞前。(3)在否定句中，都要改為either。(4)so表示“也”時(shí)，用在倒裝句中，表示肯定，其結(jié)構(gòu)是“so+be動(dòng)詞/助動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+主語(yǔ)”。e.g.KatewentshoppingyesterdayTomwentshopping,too/aswell(sodidTom).(5)neither表示“也”時(shí)，用在倒裝句中，表示否定，其結(jié)構(gòu)是“neither+be動(dòng)詞/助動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+主語(yǔ)”。e.g。Katedidn'tgoshoppingyesterday；Tomdidn'tgoshopping,either(NeitherdidTom).sothat引導(dǎo)目的狀語(yǔ)從句，含義是“以便，目的是，為了"。從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用may,can,should,could等情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，表示目的狀語(yǔ)，相當(dāng)于inorderthat,可以改成inordertodo句型。e.g.Let'stakethefrontseatssothat/inorderthatwemayseemoreclearly.=Let'stakethefrontseatsinordertoseemoreclearly.6.other/others/another/theother/theothersother作形容詞，指“其他的，別的”。e.g.otherstudentsothers(1)別人e.g.Youmustbepolitetoothers.(2)“其他的人或物”，指在一個(gè)范圍之內(nèi)，除去一部分后剩余的部分，而不是全部，一般出現(xiàn)短語(yǔ)some…others中。.Therearemanystudentsintheclassroom,somearereading,somearewriting,othersaretalking.another(1)(m者或三者以上)“又一個(gè)，再一個(gè)“。不確定數(shù)量中的另外一個(gè)。Jackhasboughtanotherpen.(2)別的，不同的。Idon,tlikethisshirt.Pleaseshowmeanotherone.(3)another+數(shù)詞+名詞一數(shù)詞+more+名詞。“再多一些”，在原來(lái)的基礎(chǔ)上再加一些。one…theother兩者之間一個(gè) 另一個(gè) SectionD連接時(shí)間的介詞用法(1)ago“多久之前”，用過(guò)去式。結(jié)構(gòu)是“段時(shí)間+ago”e.g.twodaysago(2)“before+點(diǎn)時(shí)間”，表示“在幾點(diǎn)前”，可用過(guò)去時(shí)、將來(lái)時(shí)或一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。e.g.Theywillbeherebefore7：00。(3)“in+段時(shí)間”，指“多久之后”，用將來(lái)時(shí)。e.g.WewillgettoBeijinginthreedays.(4)“after+點(diǎn)時(shí)問(wèn)”，在幾點(diǎn)之后，可用過(guò)去時(shí)，將來(lái)時(shí)或一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。e.g.Weoftenplayfootballafter5：00intheafternoon."after+段時(shí)間”，表示“多久之后”，只能用于過(guò)去式。e.g.Hecamebackafterfourdays.instead副詞，“代替。而。相反”，單獨(dú)使用時(shí)放句末。insteadofsth./doingsth.取代/而不是……buildsb.up使某人更強(qiáng)壯4.havefundoingsth.做某事很愉快havefun=enjoyoneself=haveagoodtime玩得開(kāi)心，過(guò)得快樂(lè)havefunwithab.與某人共度快樂(lè)時(shí)光Havefun/Enjoyyourself/Haveagoodtime等可以作為對(duì)別人出行前得祝福。Topic3Whichsportwillyoutakepartin?SectionAthesportsmeet/meeting運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)theboys,800一meterrace男子800米賽跑thelongjump跳遠(yuǎn)thehighjump跳高therelayrace接力賽跑It,sthe/one,sfirst/second/…timetodosth.makefriendswithsb.與某人交朋友。注意friends要用復(fù)數(shù)形式。bereadyforsth為某事而準(zhǔn)備。 5.maybe/maybemaybe=perhaps副詞，“也許，大概”。e.g.Maybeheisatthebusstationnow.maybe是情態(tài)動(dòng)詞may后接動(dòng)詞原形be,SectionB.打電話問(wèn)對(duì)方是某人時(shí)，可以問(wèn)Isthat…(speaking)?回答可以是Yes,who,sthat?/Speaking.問(wèn)對(duì)方是誰(shuí)時(shí)用Whoisthat?告訴對(duì)方自己是誰(shuí)時(shí)，應(yīng)該說(shuō)Thisis…(speaking)。找人接電話時(shí)，應(yīng)該說(shuō)Hello,mayIspeaktosb.?回答時(shí)如果是本人接的電話，可以直接說(shuō)speaking。Let,smakeithalfpastsix.讓我們定在六點(diǎn)半吧。makeit(1)指約定時(shí)間e.g.Let,smakeitat6：30.(2)辦成，做到(打算或希望做的事)pass動(dòng)詞，“傳遞”。passsb.sth.=passsth.tosb.把某物傳給某人。e.g.Wouldyoupleasepassmethebook?“經(jīng)過(guò)”。e.g.Shewasthefirstonetopassthefinishingline.passby…“經(jīng)過(guò)(某地)”。past可作副詞或介詞，“在 旁經(jīng)過(guò)”。e.g.Hehurriedpastmewithoutstoppingtotalkwithme.【例6】(09年新疆中考)一Didyouseetheaccidentyesterday?一Yes.IthappenedwhenIthemuseum.A.walkedpassB.waswalkingpastC.walkpastD.waswalkingpass【例7】Weneed（再加兩個(gè)人）todothework.congratulations.祝賀你。當(dāng)別人取得成績(jī)、榮譽(yù)時(shí)，我們可以對(duì)他說(shuō)：Congratulations!【例8】（10年廣東中考）-Yesterday1wonthefirstplaceinthe100-meterrace.—Really?!A.CongratulationsB.NevermindC.That,sallrightD.I,msorrytohearthattakephotos/pictures照相e.g.Look,lotsofstudentsaretakingphotosofthebeautifulflowers.【例9】（10年蘭州中考）—whatareonshowinthemuseum?—SomephotosbythechildrenofYushu,Qinghai.A.havebeentakenB.weretakenC.aretakenD.takenSectionChold/haveasportsmeet舉行運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)begoodatsth/doingsth.=dowellinsth/doingsth.擅長(zhǎng)（做）某事dobadlyinsth./doingsth.在某方面做得糟糕【例10】Hisfatherisgoodatmakingmodelplanes.（同義句改寫(xiě)）Hisfather modelplanes.encouragesb.todosth.鼓勵(lì)某人做某事?！纠?1】Myfatheroftenencouragesme（study）hard.takeexercise=dosports做運(yùn)動(dòng)。其中exercise是不可數(shù)名詞，意思是“運(yùn)動(dòng)，鍛煉”。它也可以做可數(shù)名詞，意思是“練習(xí)，體操”。e.g.domorningexercises做早操【例12】（10年陜西中考）一whatdoyouthinkofthe?—Ithinktheyaregoodforoureyes.Weshoulddothemoften.A.eyesexerciseB.eyeexerciseC.eyeexercisesbeableto和can（1）表示現(xiàn)在或過(guò)去的能力時(shí)兩者相同。.Icouldrideabikeattheageof8.=Iwasabletorideabikeattheageof8.我八歲時(shí)就會(huì)騎自行車(chē)了。beableto有人稱(chēng)時(shí)態(tài)及數(shù)的變化，而can只有過(guò)去式could..Wewillbeabletomakeitin2010.到2010年我們就可以做到了。（3）表示請(qǐng)求、允許及否定判斷時(shí)，只能用can。.Theboycan'tbeMike,heleftforParisyesterday.那個(gè)男孩不可能是Mike.,他昨天去巴黎了?！纠?3】Jack,sfather（能）swimwhenhewasfiveyearsold.【例】—CouldIuseyourdictionary?—Yes,you.A.canB.couldC.needD.shoulddosth.forthefirst/second/…time.第一/二/ 次做某事e.g.Wetookpartintheschoolsportsmeetforthesecondtimelastyear.【例14】ChinatookpartintheOlympicsthefirsttimein1951.A.atB.forC.toD.onmore“更多……”，后可接可數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞。反義詞是less,“更少”，接不可數(shù)名詞。fewer”更少”，接可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)。【例15】（10年黃岡中考）一What'sthelow-carbonlifestylelike?—Saveenergy,producecarbon.A.more；moreB.less；moreC.less；lessD.more；lessSectionDstandfor代表e.g.RedstandsforgoodluckinChina.【例16】（08年龍巖中考）TheTangcostume代表）Chinesehistoryandfashionculture.atleast=aslittleas至少，反義詞是atmost=asmuchas至多?！纠?7】Thispairofshoescosts至少）200yuan.【例18】（10年成都中考）ThefoodIcookisn'tdelicious,butIcanlookaftermyself.A.atfirstB.atlastC.atleast【習(xí)題精練】I.詞匯A.根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)或首字母提示填寫(xiě)單詞。TherforjoiningtheEnglishclubistobeabletopracticemoreEnglish.Themodern（奧運(yùn)會(huì)）startedinAthens.Therearemany（旅游者）visitingBeijingeveryyear.Weshouldimproveour（環(huán)境）andkeepitclean.FiveringsareasoftheOlympicGames.B.根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)提示及句子意思補(bǔ)全句子。Iwasthewinnerinthe（跳高）intheschoolsportsmeeting.Jack（可能）illnow.Isawhiminthehospitaljustnow.1Wouldyoumindcleaningthefloor?—Iamsorry,Iwilldoit（立刻）.Youknowhiswords（代表）。口「idea.Wecanmore（和 交朋友）withforeigners.II.單項(xiàng)選擇（10年杭州中考）一Wouldyouliketohavechicken?—No,thanks.It'sdelicious,butI,vehadenough.A.someotherB.somemoreC.anothersome（10年長(zhǎng)沙中考）Iamsureyouwillyourclassmatesifyouarekindandfriendlytothem.A.catchupwithB.agreewithC.getonbadlywithD.makefriendswith（10年安徽中考）一ItseemsthatAliceneverwantstodoanythingexceptdrawpictures一Right.That'swhatshelikestodo.A.moreB.lestC.mostD.least（10年十堰中考）一WhereisJeff?一I'mnotsure.Heplayingfootballontheplayground.A.maybeB.maybeC.canbeD.mustbe（10年安徽中考）Bobpromisestothefootballmatchunlesshehastohelphisparentsonthefarm.A.joinB.joininC.takepartto（10年山西中考）一Englishisdifficultforme.HowcanIimproveit?一Don'tloseyourconfidence.Ibelieveyouwillitifyoukeeptrying.A.takeB.workC.pickD.make（09年山西中考）一Isitpolitetospeakandlaughloudly?一No,Idon'tthinkso.A.inpublicB.atleastC.ontime（09年新疆中考）一Didyouwatchthebasketballmatchyesterday?一Yes,Wewereallaboutthematch.A.exciting；excitedB.exciting；excitingC.excited；excitedD.excited；exciting（09年廣州中考）Haveyouyournewclassmatesyet?A.hadfriendswithB.madefriendwithC.gotfriendtoD.madefriendswith（09年寧德中考）Icalledyouyesterday,butnobodythephone.A.checkedB.repairedC.answered（09年天門(mén)中考）一whydoyoulikethatscarfsomuch?—BecauseIthinkitcanmegoodluck.A.fetchB.bringC.passD.take（09年濰坊中考）LiuQian,asalittleboy,wassohisownmagicworldthatheseldomwentouttoplaywithotherchildren.A.goodatB.madaboutC.popularwithD.afraidof（09年福州中考）一WewillbuildasubwayinFuzhoubefore2014.—Wow,!Willitpassourplace?A.whatanexcitednewsB.howexcitedthenewsisC.whatexcitingnewsD.howexcitingnews（08年南通中考）一Hello!MayIspeaktoMr.Smith?—,please.Heisansweringanothercallrightnow.A.GoonB.ComeonC.KeeponD.Holdon（07年廈門(mén)中考）Doctorsoftensuggest,“vegetablesandmeatcanhelpyoukeepfit”.A.More；lessB.Few；muchC.Fewer；moreUnit2KeepingHealthy【考點(diǎn)解析】Topic1You,dbettergotoseeadoctorSectionAwhat'swrongwithsb./sth.=what'sthematterwithsb./sth.haveacold患感冒，have后可是艮表示疾病的詞語(yǔ)。用來(lái)表示“患 疾病”。e.g.haveaheadache/theflu【例1】Youlooksopaleonyourface,doyou（患感冒）？should/shouldn't情態(tài)動(dòng)詞“應(yīng)該/不應(yīng)該"e.g.ShouldIdosth.?Yes,youshould./No,youshouldn't./No,youneedn't.【例2】（10年江西中考）一Howwastheyouthclublastnight,Mark?—Itwasgreatfun.Youcome.A.mustB.canC.shouldD.may以下是我們所學(xué)過(guò)的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞：（1）can能/會(huì)，can't不能/不允許，過(guò)去式could,couldn't。e.g.CanIdosth.?Yes,youcan/No,youcan't.（2）need“需要”，作為情態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí)無(wú)人稱(chēng)和時(shí)態(tài)的變化，多用于疑問(wèn)句或否定句中。e.g.NeedIdosth.?Yes,youmust/haveto.No,youneedn't/don'thaveto.（3）must必須，mustn't表示“禁止”。e.g.MustIdosth.?Yes,youmust.No,youneedn't/don'thaveto.（4）may“可以/能夠”，無(wú)否定形式。MayIdosth.?Yes,youmay/can.No,youcan't.【例3】（10年福州中考）—Dad,mustIdomyhomeworknow?—No.Youplaygameswithyourfriendsforalittlewhile.A.wouldB.needn'tC.maytakea（good）rest/havea（good）rest（好好）休息【例4】Afterawholeday'swork,wewantto（休息一下）.英語(yǔ)中表示疾病的名詞或詞組大多可以采取“身體部位名詞+ache”或“sore+身體部位名詞”來(lái)表達(dá)。e.g.head—headachestomach—stomachacheback—backachetooth—toothacheear—earacheknee—sorekneethroat—sorethroateye—soreeyefoot—sorefoot【例5】(09年潛江中考)—hehavea.Ican,teatanything.—Maybeyoushouldseeadentist.A.coldB.feverC.headacheD.toothachePlentyof意思是“大量的”，既可修飾可數(shù)名詞，也可修飾不可數(shù)名詞。一般用在肯定句中，否定句或疑問(wèn)句中改為enough或many(much)。e.g.Thereisplentyoftimeleft.Isthereenoughtimeleft?【例6】(10年山西中考)Theyhavetimetodothat,butwedon'thavemoneyforit.A.plentyof；someB.little；fewC.plentyof；enoughD.alotof；lotsof【考點(diǎn)鏈接】alotof/plentyof/anumberof(1)TherearepeopleintheparkonSundays.(2)Youshoulddrinkwater,andhaveagoodrest.【分析比較】alotof：lotsof表示“大量的，許多”。既可修飾可數(shù)名詞也可修飾不可數(shù)名詞。plentyof與alotof同義，既可修飾可數(shù)名詞也可修飾不可數(shù)名詞。anumberof表示“許多，大量的"，修飾可數(shù)名詞。故⑴三者都可以用。而⑵填alotof和plentyof都可以。boiledwater開(kāi)水boilingwater在開(kāi)的水【例7】—Isthereany(開(kāi)水)inthepot?—No,thereisn,t.我們所學(xué)過(guò)的系動(dòng)詞有l(wèi)ook,seem,feel,sound,get,be,smell,touch等，他們后面都可以接形容詞作表語(yǔ)，構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu)。e.g.feelhappy,soundgreat,smellterrible而實(shí)意動(dòng)詞后面是用副詞去修飾。e.g.singhappily,stepquietly.【例8】(10年漳州中考)一Themeatdelicious.Ican'twaittoeatit.A.smellsB.tastesC.soundshadbetter(not)dosth.最好(不要)做某事【例9】(07年泉州中考)—Myfatherdranktoomuchlastnight,hefeelssicknow.—He'dbettersomuch.It'sbadforhishealth.A.nottodrinkB.drinkingC.notdrinktake(1)“吃/喝”，有時(shí)可以用have替換。e.g.takesomefood/takeacupoftea(2)服(藥)takesomemedicine“takesth./sb.to+地點(diǎn)”把某物/某人帶到某地去，而bring是帶到說(shuō)話的地方來(lái)。e.g.I'lltakemydaughtertothezoothisSunday.(4)乘/搭(交通工具)e.g.Youshouldtakeabustothepark.(5)花費(fèi)(時(shí)間，勞力)常用于句型：^takessb.sometimetodosth.e.g.Ittakesusonehourtodoourhomeworkeveryday.(6)買(mǎi)。e.g.Iwilltakeit.(7)“做”，和名詞連用，表示與該名詞意義相關(guān)的動(dòng)作。e.g.takeawalk/takephotos【例10】(10年雞西中考)—Howlongdoesittakeyourfathertoworkeveryday.—Abouthalfanhour.A.drivesB.drivingC.todrivefeellikesth./doingsth.=wouldlikesth./todosth.=wantsth./todosth.想要某東西/做某事e.g.Hedidn'tfeellikegoingtoschool.【例11】Katedidn'tfeellike(eat)becausehewasnotwell.dayandnight日日夜夜地e.g.Theyworkdayandnight.toomany“太多”，接可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式。toomuch“太多”，接不可數(shù)名詞。Muchtoo"太……”，接形容詞或副詞?！纠?2](08年青島中考)Thesedayschildrenatschoolareunderpressurethattheydon,thaveenoughtimetoplayorexercise.A.muchtooB.toomuchC.somanyD.toomany【考點(diǎn)鏈接]toomuch/muchto/toomany(1)Thereavemistakesinthepassage.(2)Eatingcandyisbadforyourteeth.(3)Theproblemiseasyforthem.[分析比較]toomany“太多”，用于修飾名詞復(fù)數(shù)。(1)題意為“這篇文章里有太多錯(cuò)誤"。mistakes是名詞復(fù)數(shù)，故填toomany。toomuch修飾不可數(shù)名詞。candy在此作不可數(shù)名詞。故(2)填toomuch。muchtoo"太……”，常用于修飾副詞或形容詞。(3)題意為“這個(gè)問(wèn)題對(duì)于他們來(lái)說(shuō)太簡(jiǎn)單了”easy是形容詞，故填muchtoo。1.hurtvt.使疼痛/損傷e.g.Mikehurthislegbadlywhenhefell.vi.疼痛e.g.Myheadhurtstoday,Iwon,tgotoschool.2.show(1)指“把 給某人看“showsb.sth.=showsth.tosb.e.g.Pleaseshowmeyourphotos.=Pleaseshowyourphotostome.(2)指“說(shuō)明，表明，證明”e.g.Heshowedthatitwastrue.(3)名詞，指“展覽會(huì)”e.g.acarshow【例13]—Willyoupleaseshowyournewpaintingtome?(同意句轉(zhuǎn)換)—Willyoupleaseyournewpainting?nothingserious”沒(méi)什么嚴(yán)重的”，注意形容詞或不定式修飾不定代詞時(shí)都要后置?！纠?4]Thereisintoday'smagazine.A.newsomethingB.nothingnewC.newnothingD.anythingnewcheckover"給 做體檢，給 做健康檢查”，代詞要放在中間。each和every都表示“每一”，后接單數(shù)名詞。each指兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上中的“每一個(gè)”，可用作形容詞或代詞。而every是指“三個(gè)或三個(gè)以上中的每一個(gè)”。只用作形容詞。不可以說(shuō)everyof。e.g.Everyboywasthereandeachdidhispart.each(1)可用作形容詞，指“各自的，每一的”。e.g.oneachsideofthestreet.(2)用作代詞，指“各自，每一”?！纠?5]Eachofthemhasanewhat.(同意句改寫(xiě))Theyanewhat.Sb.haveanaccident某人發(fā)生了一場(chǎng)事故【例16](09年福州中考)—Excuseme,couldyoutellme?—Sorry,sir.Iwasn,tthereatthattime.A.howdidtheaccidenthappen B.howtheaccidenthappenedC.howdoestheaccidenthappen D.howtheaccidenthappensask(sb.)forsth.“請(qǐng)求、懇求(給予)、征求”，如：Whydon’tyouaskhimforsomeadvice?你為什莫不征求他的意見(jiàn)？Jackisaskingforajob.杰克正在求職。[鏈接]askfor…leave請(qǐng)假(多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間)，此時(shí)，leave在這里是名詞，是“假期、休假”的意思。SectionDThanks/Thankyouforsth./doingsth.謝謝你 【例17](08年莆田中考)一Thankyouforthedeliciousfood.—.A.Don,tsaythatB.It,snothingC.I,mgladyouenjoyeditnot…until直至” 才e.g.Shedidn,tstoptalkinguntilourteachercame=Shedidn'tstoptalkingbeforeourteachercame.=Shestoppedtalkingafterourteachercame.【例18]（10年漳州中考）一It'sgettinglate,Imustgonow.—It,srainingheavilyoutside.Don,tleaveitstops.A.afterB.whenC.untilworryaboutsth./sb.=beworriedaboutsth./$匕.擔(dān)心某物或某人I,msorrytohearthatbothyouandyoursisteraresick,both…and 和 都，既……又……。當(dāng)連接兩個(gè)主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。both兩者都。allm者或三者以上都。either兩者之一。neither兩者都不。none三者或三者都不。either…or…或者或者。neither…nor…既不也不°notonly…butalso…不僅而且°e.g.IlikebothEnglishandChinese./Neithermathnormusicinterestsme.其中either…or…，neither…nor…，notonly…butalso…連接主語(yǔ)時(shí)謂語(yǔ)遵循就近原則。e.g.NeitherhenorIamastudent.【例19]Mrs.TurnerhasboughtaCDplayerasapresent,buthersonherdaughterlikesit.A.either；orB.notonly；butalsoC.both；andD.neither；nor【例20]Thoughourmathteachersaidthatwasn'tadifficultproblem,ofthestudentsinmyclasscouldworkitout.A.bothB.allC.neitherD.none【習(xí)題精練]I.詞匯A.根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)或首字母提示填寫(xiě)單詞。一Ihaveapaininmyteeth,-Youshouldgotoseea（牙醫(yī)）.Hefeels（惡心）.Heshouldgotoseeadoctor.Hertemperatureis40.Shehada（高燒）.It,snothings.Youwillbebetterafteryouhaveagoodrest.（08年吉林中考）Henry,youdon,tlookwell.What,sthemwithyou?B.根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)提示及句子意思補(bǔ)全句子。You（最好）stayathomeandhaveagoodrest.What,swrongwithKate.She（看起來(lái)蒼白的）.Whenyougotoseeadoctor,hewillyou（做檢查）.（08年寧夏中考）I,m（擔(dān)憂）herhealth.Shelookspale.Stayinbedanddon,tmoveyourleg太多）.II.單項(xiàng)選擇（10年上海中考）一CanIwearanyclothesIliketoschool.一No,youcan,t!Youwearauniform.A.mightB.mustC.whomD.which（10年上海中考）Isthisaphotoofyourdaughter?Shelooksinthepinkdress.A.lovelyB.quietlyC.politelyD.happily（10年蘭州中考）HowmuchdoestheticketfromShanghaitoBeijing?A.costB.takeC.spendD.pay（10年江西中考）一Doyouknowthewaytothepostoffice?一Yes,followmeandI,llyou.A.callB.pickC.showD.invite（10年上海中考）Wewillhavenowatertodrinkwedon,tprotecttheearth.A.untilB.beforeC.thoughD.if（10年南京中考）一I'mveryworriedabouttomorrow,smathstest.IamafraidIcan,tpassthistime.—!I'msureyou,llmakeit.A.NoproblemB.Don'tworryC.That'srightD.Don'tmentionit（10年三明中考）一whotakeyoutothenewschool,yourdadoryoumom?—.Iwenttherealone.A.EitherB.BothC.Neither（09年漳州中考）TheyellowcoatbeLinda'sbecausenobodylikesyellowexcepther.A.can'tB.canC.mustn'tD.must（09年泉州中考）一whoisplayingthepianointhenextroom?Themusicsobeautiful!—It'smysister,Kate.A.soundsB.hearsC.listens（09年龍巖中考）一CanItakethisseat?—.It'sforourteacher,Mr.Li.A.OfcourseB.You'dbetternotC.Yes,please（09年廣東中考）Theoldmanisillandhedoesn'tfeellike.A.toeatsomething B.toeatanythingC.eatingsomething D.eatinganything（09年莆田中考）一HishobbyiswatchingTVplayingthepiano.—It'sreadingbooks.A.either；orB.both；andC.neither；nor（09年新疆中考）一Howthemedicinetastes!—Yes.Butthemedicinewillreallyworksoonafteryoutakeit.A.terribleB.deliciousC.sweetD.nice（09年廣州中考）Don'tworry.Allthechildrenbythenurses.A.arewelltakencareofB.takegoodcareofC.aretakengoodcareofD.takegoodcare（08年福州中考）一whatanicemodelship!—Thankyou.Itmethreedaystomake.A.paidB.spentC.tookD.wastedm.（10年福州中考）閱讀理解Place：FuzhouTheater Date：7：00P.m.May10thNumber：6ROW9,1stFloorPrice：￥80?Don'tbringanydangerousthings.?Ifyouarelate,enterthetheaterquietly.?Theuseofcamerasandvideosisnotallowed.?Turnoffyourcellphonesorsetthemtovibrationmode震動(dòng)模式）.?Pleasecheckyourseatnumberandbeseatedbeforetheplaybegins.?Pleasecheckthedateandseatnumberwhenyoubuyyourticket.Afterthetickethasbeensold,thereisnorefund.Theplaybeginsat.A.7：00P.m.B.9：00a.m.C.7：00a.m.D.9：00P.m.Yourseatnumberis.A.9；Row6B.6；ROW9C.10；Row6D.7；Row9Ifyouarelatefortheplay,you'dbetter.A.walkaroundB.callupyourfriendsC.makemuchnoiseD.enterthetheaterquietlyYoushouldatthetheater.A.usecamerasandvideosB.sellyourticketC.talkwithyourfriendsloudly D.checkyourseatnumberTheunderlinedword“refund”means.A.入場(chǎng)B.出場(chǎng)C.退票D.簽票【考點(diǎn)解析】Topic2Imustaskhimtogiveupsmoking.Iamsorrytohearthat.聽(tīng)到這我感到很難過(guò)。這是表示同情的一種說(shuō)法。當(dāng)你聽(tīng)到別人不幸的事情時(shí)，應(yīng)說(shuō)此句用來(lái)表示你的同情?！纠?】—Jim,I'mafraidIcan'tgotoyourpartytonight.Mygrandmaisill.A.I,msorrytohearthat B.That'sallrightC.Shehastostayinbed D.Don'tworryonTV/thephone“（通過(guò)）電視/電話”，或直接譯成“在電視上/電話上”。【例2】（10年昆明中考）一I'mgoingtobuysomebooks.Willyoucomewithme?—WhynotshoptheInternet?It,smuchcheaperandmoreconvenient.A.onB.inC.atD.withIsee.我明白了。此句為口語(yǔ)，在這里see指“明白，理解”之意。e.g.Hisyoungerbrotherdidn,tseethemeaningofthestory.stayuplate（doingsth.）熬夜（做某事）【例3】Hisfatheroftenstaysuplate（watch）soccergames.【例4】Don'tverylate.YouhavetogetupearlynextmorningA.stayupB.getupC.cutupD.giveuphaveabadcold=haveaterriblecold患嚴(yán)重感冒【例5】—What,swrongwithyou,youngboy?—I'mfeelingterrible,maybeIhavea.A.badlycoldB.muchcoldC.difficultcoldwithout介詞，沒(méi)有。withoutsth./doingsth.反義詞是with【例6】Ican'tpasstheexamyourhelp.A.withB.withoutC.don'thaveD.nothaverelax放松。relaxsb./oneself放松某人（某人自己）。e.g.Listeningtomusiccanrelaxyou.relaxed可用作形容詞，“使人感到放松的”。【例7】（10年南充中考）一ourEnglishteacherisalwaysveryandmakesusfeel.A.kind；relaxedB.kind；relaxingC.strict；torelaxgiveup“放棄”，代詞放在中間。e.g.giveitupgiveupdoingsth.放棄做某事【例8】Don't.Workhardandyouwillcatchupwithyourclassmates.A.giveupB.putupC.growupD.lookupthrowabout“亂扔”，代詞放中間。【例9】Wecan,t（亂扔）litter.Weshouldkeepourschoolclean.litter作動(dòng)詞，意思與throwabout相當(dāng)。e.g.Don,tlitterthegroundwithpaper.作不可數(shù)名詞時(shí)，指“垃圾，廢物”。e.g.Youmustn,tthrowaboutlitter.enough作形容詞時(shí)修飾名詞，置于名詞的前后均可。如：Doyouhaveenoughmoney?你有足夠的錢(qián)嗎？【鏈接】(1)enough作副詞時(shí)，修飾形容詞或副詞，應(yīng)置于所修飾的形容詞或副詞之后，如：Sheisnotoldenoughtogotoschool.=Sheistooyoungtogotoschool.她太小了，還不能上學(xué)。enough作代詞，意為“足夠的東西”，如：Ihaveenoughtodo.我要做的事夠多了?！究谠E】enough一詞的位置，出“名”在前，幸?！?形”“副”)在后?！纠?0】(10年南充中考)-Doesthechildneedanyhelp?—No.Sheistodressherself.A.enougholdB.youngenoughC.oldenought's+adj.(for/ofsb.)todosth.(對(duì)某人來(lái)說(shuō))做某事是，用for指做這件事情是怎么樣的，e.g.It,sdifficultforhimtogettothebank用of時(shí)，前面的形容詞是指這個(gè)人的性格特征。It'sveryniceofyoutohelpme.【例11】It,sniceAndymewithmyEnglishstudy.A.at；tohelpB.of；tohelpC.with；helpD.of；help【例12】(10年沈陽(yáng)中考)Mybrotheristwometresinheight,It'sverydifficulttofindclothesbigenoughhim.A.aboutB.atC.withD.forSectionCmay有兩種含義，一種表示請(qǐng)求允許，譯成“可以”。e.g.MayIcomeinnow?一種表示推測(cè)，譯成“可能”。e.g.Hemaybeagoodteacher/Shemaygotoworktomorrow表示推測(cè)，譯成“可能”的還有must/might。must是比較有根據(jù)的推測(cè)，把握性最強(qiáng)。e.g.Thatmustbehisbike.Hisisblack.might表示推測(cè)的把握性比may更弱。e.g.Youmightgetaheadachewhenyouworktoohard.否定句中表示推測(cè)只能用can't。e.g.Themanintheroomcan'tbehim.HehasgonetoBeijing.【例13】(10年三明中考)一Whosejacketisthis?—ItbewuLei's.Isawhimwearitjustnow.A.can'tB.mustC.may【例14】(10年河南中考)一It'ssuchalongway!WhatshallIdo?—Youtakemycarifyouwant.A.willB.mustC.mayhuman的復(fù)數(shù)是humanswork(1)作名詞時(shí)是不可數(shù)名詞，“工作”。e.g.Wehavemuchworktodotoday.(2)作動(dòng)詞，“上班，工作”。e.g.Sheoftenworkslate.(3)作動(dòng)詞，表示“取得成效”。Ithinkthethoughtwillworkwell.(4)作動(dòng)詞，表示“運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)，工作”。e.g.MyTVsetdoesn'twork.【例15](10年青島中考)Hemayleavenow,becausethereisworkforhimtodo.A.alittleB.someC.noD.anythrough/across/cross/pastacross的含義與on有關(guān)，表示某一動(dòng)作是在某一物體的平面上進(jìn)行，其意思是“橫過(guò)”。e.g.Wewalkacrosstheroad.cross=goacrosscross是動(dòng)詞，而across是介詞。through的含義與in有關(guān)，表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生在立體空間，是從內(nèi)部穿過(guò)。e.g.Hewalkedthroughtheforest/village.past可作副詞或介詞，“在旁經(jīng)過(guò)“。e.g.Hehurriedpastmewithoutstoppingtospeak.【考點(diǎn)鏈接】cross/across/through/past(1)Lookbothwaysbeforeyoutheroad.(2)Hewalkedthefield.(3)Theballwentflyingthewindow.(4)Studysomeexampapertogetanideaofthequestions.【分析比較】 四者都有“經(jīng)過(guò)，通過(guò)”的意思，但詞性和用法不同。cross意為“橫過(guò)，穿過(guò)，越過(guò)，渡過(guò)”，為動(dòng)詞，相當(dāng)于walk(go,run)across,故(1)填cross。across意為“橫過(guò)，穿過(guò)”，為介詞，不作動(dòng)詞，不能作謂語(yǔ)，常放在動(dòng)詞之后，如：goacross,walkacross等。故(2)填across。另外，表示游渡，乘船過(guò)?；蜻^(guò)河時(shí)用across。through是介詞，含有“從……中間穿越”之意，表示四周含有物體的穿越。故(3)填through。試比較：Theroadrunsacrosstheplain.一條路橫過(guò)平原。Theriverflowsthroughthecity.這條河從城市穿過(guò)。past既可作副詞也可作形容詞，作副詞時(shí)有“穿越，經(jīng)過(guò)”之意。如：Willyougopastmyhouseonyourwayhome?你回家的路上會(huì)經(jīng)過(guò)我家嗎?作形容詞時(shí)有“以前的，剛過(guò)去的”之意，如：Inthepastyear,Shanechangedjobs3times.在過(guò)去一年里莎恩換了3次工作。故(4)填past?！纠?6】(10年連云港中考)LiuXiangcamethirdthe110-meter-hurdleracelastmonthinShanghai.A.inB.fromC.acrossD.through【例17】(10年呼和浩特中考)ThepolicemanhelpedtheoldwomanwalktheroadA.aboveB.acrossC.throughD.overSectionDas(1)用在同級(jí)比較中，“像 一樣”。e.g.Heisasyoungasme.否定句中前面一個(gè)as可以改為so.(2)(表示方式)如同，按照。e.g.DoasItoldyou.⑶當(dāng)……時(shí)候。e.g.Isawhimashewasgettingonthebus.(4)由于，鑒于。e.g.Ashewasnotwell,Idecidedtogowithouthim.(5)作為，當(dāng)做。e.g.Heworksasasinger.【考點(diǎn)鏈接】like/as(1)Hehasblueeyesme.(2)Sheenjoysallkindsofmusic,Ido.(3)Repeatthesefivesteps,inthelastexercise.【分析比較】like和as都含有“像……一樣”之意，但在用法上有一定的區(qū)別。like為介詞，置于名詞和代詞前。(1)中的me是代