三大從句考點講解及練習

三大從句考點講解及練習三大從句考點講解及練習/15從句一、句子的種類英語句子按結構可分三種：簡單句：只包含一個主謂結構的句子，包括五種基本句型1）主語+謂語；2）主語+謂語+賓語；3）主語+系動詞+表語；4）主語+謂語+間接賓語+直接賓語；5）主語+謂語+賓語+賓語補語注意：非謂語做狀語，也屬于簡單句，后面句子前不能出現(xiàn)連詞。并列句：并列句是由兩個或兩個以上的簡單句連接而成。并列句中的各簡單句意義同等重要，相互之間沒有從屬關系，是平行并列的關系。它們之間用連詞連結。句型：主謂結構+并列連詞（and,but,so,or……）+主謂結構（或更多的主謂結構）注意:并列句連接的兩個或兩個以上的簡單句，短語和句子不能連接。3?復合句：由一個主句和一個或一個以上的從句構成。句型：引導詞+主謂結構+主謂結構;或主謂結構+引導詞+主謂結構（從句） （主句） 主句從句主句是全句的主體，通?？梢元毩⒋嬖?；從句則是一個句子成分,不能獨立存在。從句不能單獨成句，但它也有主語部分和謂語部分,就像一個句子一樣。所不同在于，從句須由一個關聯(lián)詞引導。從句包括名詞性從句（主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句）、定語從句和狀語從句。二、需要注意的問題句子原則：一個句子只能有一個主謂結構，謂語是唯一的,謂語由動詞構成，如果出現(xiàn)更多動詞：加連詞（and/but/so...）,變成并列謂語或并列句加上引導詞變成從句變?yōu)榉侵^語動詞英語句子和漢語句子的對比1） 英語句子的特點之一是重“形合”，句子的各個部分要由各種連詞、關系詞等連接起來;而漢語句子是重“意合”，句子前后連接主要是通過上下文的邏輯意義來實現(xiàn)的，連接詞的使用遠遠少于英語，由于這一特點，很多學生在寫作時往往忘了使用連接詞，造成諸多病句。2） 在漢語中逗號可以直接連接句子，但是在英語中，句子之間連接除了逗號外，還要借助連詞。連詞主要有兩類，即并列連詞和從屬連詞，并列連詞在句中連接并列句，從屬連詞主要引導從句的。有一種情況可以不用連詞只用逗號連接，那就是獨立主格結構。3） 漢語句子中，兩個連詞可以同時出現(xiàn)在一個句子中，但是在英語中，從屬連詞和并列連詞不能在一個句子中同時使用，只能用一個。改錯：Eg-1)Iamtired,Imustgotobed.Hehastwosons,bothofthemareteachers.ThewomantalkedtoyoujustnowisourEnglishteacher.TherearemanystudentsstudyintheclassroomTheboyrantohismothercry.Afterwritethenotice,heputituponthewall?Apersonhasnotenoughfood,hewillnothaveahealthybody.Thesunwarmstheearth,thismakesitpossiblefortheplantsgrow.Wewerelookingforyournewcoat,wecouldnotfindit.Practisemorereadingsyouwillimproveyourreadingability*Thepersoncametoseemethatafternoonisanoldfriendofmine?Hesucceededinpassingtheexammadehisparentsveryhappy.Itisapityshedidn^twintheprize.TomorrowisSunday,wedon5tneedtogotoschool.Theworkwasfinished,wewenthome.Timepermits,we5llgoouttoplay.l\iruingtotheleft,andyouwillfindabank.Havingbeentoldmanytimes,buthecouldn^tunderstandit.Becausehewasill,sohedidn'tgotoschool.Thoughheisachild,butheknowsalot.三、各種從句的引導詞的選擇關于這個問題是學生學習從句這一內容的最大障礙，要弄清屬于什么從句，除t了分清各從句在主句中的位置外，關鍵在于弄懂各個引導詞在從句中的作用。定語從句放在所修飾的名詞或代詞的后面名詞性從句分為主語從句，賓語從句，表語從句和同位語從句。主語從句位于主句中的謂語或后置；2)賓語從句位于主句中及物動詞或介詞和某些形容詞之后。3)表語從句位于主句中的系動詞之后；4)同位語從句位于名詞如：idea,fact,truth,suggestion,plan之后；狀語從句位置可以在主句前或主句后；時間、條件、原因，讓步狀語從句放在句首時需要用逗號及主句隔開。引導詞充當成分判斷依據(jù)名詞性從句連接詞that無實義不充當成分1、 連接詞的意義在從句當中充當?shù)某煞謜hether/if是否連接代詞What(什么,...69)whatever(無論什么)主、賓、表定Who（誰）whoever（無論是誰）主Whom(誰)whoniever(無論是誰)賓Which（哪個）whichever（無論哪個）主、賓、定Whose誰的定連接副詞where什么地方狀語When什么時候why為什么

How怎樣定語從句關系代詞who主、賓、1、 先行詞在從句當中充當?shù)某煞諻hom賓、Which主、賓.that主、賓、表Whose定語關系副詞Where狀語WhenWhy狀語從句時間when,while,as…狀語主從句之間的邏輯關系，注意從屬連詞的意義地點where,wherever...原因because,as,since.??目的sothat,inorderthat結果so/suclL..that條件if,unless...方式as讓步although,evenif比較???than…定語從句定語的概念：定語是用來修飾名詞或代詞的。比如：abeautifulgirl( )threeboys( )ashoefactory()?JinVsfather( ) ourteacher( )themaninthecarTOC\o"1-5"\h\z( )themanstandingatthedoor( ) themanwhoistalkingwithSam( )\o"CurrentDocument"單個詞做定語放在被修飾詞 ,短語或句子做定語放在被修飾詞 ?定語從句的概念及主要特征：定語從句：在復合句中，修飾某一 或 的從句叫定語從句。\o"CurrentDocument"三要素：1)被定語從句修飾的詞叫 :2)引導定語從句的詞叫 ；3)關系詞在從句中充當 關系詞的作用：1)引導 ；2)替 ;3)在從句中充當請劃出下列句子中的定語從句.先行詞及關系代詞:Themanwhoisshakinghandswithmvfatherisapoliceman?2.關系詞的分類及用法關系詞分為 和 ,關系代詞有 關系副詞有 關系詞指代的先行詞在從句中充當?shù)某煞??定語從句的分類及用法區(qū)另定語從句形式功能能否省略關系詞先行詞限制性定語從句非限制定語從句使用定語從句需要注意的問題1、 that及which的區(qū)別。1） 用that而不用which的情況：當先行詞是不定代詞everything,anything,nothing,something,all,none,few,little,some,much等代詞時，或當先行詞有every,any,all,some,no,little,few,much等代詞修飾時。②先行詞有theonly,thevery,thelast等詞修飾③先行詞有形容詞 或 修飾;；④先行詞既有—又有 時；⑤主句的主語是 或 ⑥若關系代詞在從句中作 >一般需用that.e.g.AllthatglittersisnotgoldThereisnothingthatcanpreventhimfromdoingitThereislittlethatIcandoforyou.ThisistheverydictionarythatIwanttobuy.ThisUthebestfilmthatIhaveeverseen.MrSmithistheonlyforeignerthatheknows.Whoisthemanthatisstandingbythegate?WhichistheT-shirtthatfitsmemost?TheytalkedaboutthepersonsandthingsthattheyrememberedatschoolMarvisnolongerthegirlthatshewas.2） 用which而不用that的情況：①引導非限制性定語從句；②代表整個主句的意思；③介詞+關系代詞。e.g.Hehadfailedinthemathsexam,whichmadehisfatherveryangry.Thisistheroominwhichmyfatherlivedlastyear.that及who的區(qū)別在one,anyone,those指人時一般用"who”。he/she/I/they作先行詞時，用"who”代替“that”.Anyone breaksthelawispunished?Those breakthelawarepunished.He doesrftreachtheGreatWallisnotatrueman.as引導定語從句時的用法as引導限制性定語從句，通常用于在主句中常有thesame,so或such及as相呼應9（thesame...as;such...asso...as）as在定語從句中可作主語、賓語。e.g.SuchmachinesasareusedinourworkshoparemadeinChina.Doiftdosuchthingsasyouarenotsureabout※比較：Hereissobigastoneasnoonecanlift.（ 從句）Itissobigastonethatnoonecanliftit.（ 從句）as引導非限制性定語從句既可放在主句之前，也可放在主句之后,用來修飾整個句子。通常用下列句型：asisknowntoall,asissaid,asisreported,asisannounced,asweallknow,asIexpect,asisoftenthecase等。e.g.AsIexpected,hegotthefirstplaceagaininthismid-termexamination.Asisknowntoeverybody,themoontravelsroundtheearthonceevervmonth?3)as引導非限制性定論從旬時及which的區(qū)別當主句和從句語義一致時，用as；反之，用Which來引導非限制性定語從句。egHemadealongspeech,asweexpected.Hemadealongspeech,whichwasunexpected.當非限制定語從句為否定時，常用which引導。e.g.Tomdrinksaloteveiyday,whichhiswifedoesn'tlikeatall.as—般放在句首或句審,which置于句中?Asweknow,theearthisround?Thesunheatstheearth,whichisveryimportanttous.關系代詞及關系副詞兩蒔 ’找出定語從句從句中主語和賓語是否齊全，如齊全用關系副詞如果定語從句缺賓語，確定定語從句的謂語動詞是不是及物動詞，如果是，則用關系代詞，如果不是，則用關系副詞。如果定語從句中謂語結構是被動語態(tài)，有主語，則用關系代詞A.Iknowaplace wecanhaveapicnic.Iknowaplace isfamousforitsbeautifulnaturalscenery.B?Iwillneverforgetthedays wespentourholidaystogether.Iwillneverforgetthedays wespenttogether.October1stisthedav newChinawasfounded.C.Thisisthereason hewasdismissed.Thisisthereason heexplainedtomeforhisnotattendingthemeeting.※如果定語從句分別修飾point,situation和case,position等表示抽象意義的詞，常用where引導，(前提是從句中缺少狀語)。Icanthinkofmanycases thewordsareused?whose引導的定諱從句whose是一個表示所屬關系的詞，在定語從句中作定語。ofwhich可以代替whose指物，詞序一般是"山?+名詞+ofwhich”或"ofwhich+the+名詞”。ofwhom可以代替whose指人，詞序是uthe+名詞+ofwhom"或"ofwhom+the+名詞。Theclassroomwhosedoorisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.Hehasafriendwhosefatherisadoctor.5?“介詞+關系代詞”考點分析.考査定語從句中謂語部分的搭配習慣看定語從句中動詞及介詞的搭配Theman Ispokeonthephonelastnightisverygoodatwriting.Dovoulikethebook shepaid$10?看定語從句中形容詞及介詞的搭配Hegavemesomereferencebooks IamnotveryfamiliarChinaisabeautifulcountry, weareproud?.考査先行詞及介詞的審配習慣這類考題往往要根據(jù)具體的語境來選擇介詞。F11neverforgetthedav whichshesaidgoodbyetome.考査根據(jù)句意確定喬詞Iamlookingformyglasses, whichIcan'twatchTVclearly."介詞+關系茯詞”前還可有some,any,none,all,both,neither,many\most,each,few等代詞或者數(shù)詞。Thefactoryproduceshalfamillionpairsofshoeseveryyear,80% aresoldabroad?Therearetwobuildings,thelarger standsnearlyahundredfeethigh.6?關系詞作主語時，其謂語動詞的數(shù)取決于先行詞尤其是“on?ofthe+復數(shù)名詞”這一結構后面的定語從句中的謂語動詞，通常用復數(shù)形式，及定語從句所靠近的那個復數(shù)名詞在數(shù)上保持一致。但如果"oneofthe+復數(shù)名詞”這一結構前面帶有theonly之類的限定語，從句的謂語動詞則要用單數(shù)形式。Tomisoneoftheboyswho latethatmorning.Tomistheonlyoneoftheboyswho latethatmorning.填空練習2014-2015年高考題Someexpertsthinkreadingisthefundamentalskillupon schooleducationdepends.【安徽】ChinaTodayattractsaworldwidereadership, showsthatmoreandmorepeopleallovertheworldwanttolearnaboutChina.【福建】3?Thenumberofsmokers, isreported,hasdroppedby17percentinjustoneyean【江蘇】Asthesmallestchildofhisfamily,Alexisalwayslongingforthetime heshouldbeabletobeindependent.［陜西】Thebossofthecompanyistryingtocreateaneasyatmosphere hisemployeesenjoytheirwork.【天津】Hewrotemanychildren9sbooks,nearlyhalfof werepublishedinthe1990s.【重慶】Thebooksoilthedesk, coversareshiny,areprizesfor【四川】OppositeisSt.Paul'sChurch, oilcanhearsomelovelymusic. 【廿匕京】Creatinganatmosphere_employeesfeelpartofateamisabigchallenge.【浙江】10.ltisatrulydelightfulplace, looksthesameasitmusthavedone10()yearsagowithitswindingstreetsandprettycottages.【湖南】Theexactyear AnglelaandherfamilyspenttogetherinChinawas2008.borrowedthebookSherlockHolmesfromthelibrarylastweek, myclassmatesrecommendedtome.3.Studentsshouldinvolvethemselvesincommunityactivities theycangainexperienceforgrowth?amlookingforwardtothe(lav mvdaughtercanreadthisbookandknowmvfeelingsforher.Thebookhashelpedmegreatlyinmydailyconununication,especiallyatwork agoodimpressionisamust.6.Amongthemanydangers sailorshavetoface,probablythegreatestofallisfog.Acompany profitsfromhomemarketsaredecliningmayseekopportunitiesabroad.Pleasesendusalltheinformation youhaveaboutthecandidatefortheposition?Untilnow,wehaveraised50,000poundsforthepoorchildren, isquiteunexpected?Englishisalanguagesharedbyseveraldiversecultures, usesitdifferently.單句改錯ThebookthatIborroweditfromthelibraryiswellwritten.Thehousestoodattheplacewhichtheroadsmeet.MyauntleftforBeijing,whereisthecapitalofChina?Weshallvisittheuniversitywheremyfatherteachesthere?Canyouthinkofanyonewhomhouseisonapileofrocks?ThedaythatIlookedforwardtoarrivingatlast.ThefishermanwhomIthinkispoorinfactisveryrich?Thisisthegirlwhopracticeplayingthepianoeveryday.Thepeople,mostofthemareexperts,willbeinvitedtotheparty?Tliisistheshopwhichkeepopentillelevenatnight.Isthatfactorywhichyourfatheronceworkedin?Anyonelikesitcanborrowitfromme.Youcanchooseanythingwhatyoulike?Thehousewhichweliveisverylarge?Doyoustillrememberthedayswhenwespenttogether?Tliisistheonehundredthletterwhichshehasreceivedfromthatboy.Tliisisthewomantowhomymothertalkedjustnow.Whoisthedriverwhocausedtheaccident?ThisisallwhatIcandoforyou.HeissuchacleverboythatIlike?Whichisknowntoall,theearthisround?Idon'tlikethewaywhichyoutalkedtoyourfriendItissuchahotdayasIwanttogoswimmingverymuch?Heistheonlyoneofthestudentswhoaregoodatdancing?Whichofyoucanthinkofasituationwhichthisidiomisoftenused?haveabook,whosethecoverisverybeautiful.Hebeatme,asIhaveneverexpected?Soontheycametoafarmhouse,andinfrontofwhichsatasmallboy;Thereasonwhylieexplainedtomesoundsreasonable?Einsteinissuchagreatscientistthatwemustlearnfrom.名詞性從句一、 名詞性從句相當于名詞，可分別作主句的主語、表語.賓語和同位語。因此，名詞性從句可分為主語從句、表語從句、賓語從句和同位語從句。二、 名詞性從句的引導詞1?連接詞:that,if、whether2?連接代詞:what,whatever;who,whoevei;whom,whomever;whose,which,whichever連接副詞：when,where.whyshow 在名詞性從句在從句中不充當任何成分也沒有詞義， 在從句中不充當任何成分有詞義“是否”。連接代詞在名詞性從句中均有詞義充當 、 . 、或 成分。連接副詞在名詞性從句中均有詞義充當 ?！局髡Z從句】通常放在主句謂語動詞之前或由形式主語it代替，而本身放在句子末尾。句型是：l)It+be+adj.+that從句(如obvious,true,clear,important,certain,necessary...)It+be+n詞組+that從句(如nowonder,anhonour,apity,afact...)It+be+過去分詞+that從句(如said,reported,thought,believed,well-known,suggested...)It+不及物動詞+that從句(如happen,matter,seem,appear)從句作主語時，謂語動詞一般為單數(shù)形式。如：Whatliesaidisright.Thathishairwasturninggreyworriedhimabit.Itisapitythatwecan'tgoswimming?Itiscertainthathewilldowellinthisexam?IthappenedthatIwentoutyesterdaywhenyouvisitedme.ItissaidthatPresidentJiangwillvisitourschoolnextweek?【賓語從句】通常放在主句謂語動詞(及物動詞)或介詞或某些形容詞之后。如：wonderwhetheryoucanchangethisnoteforme.Nobodyissurewhathumanswilllooklikeinamillionyears.Thatwilldependonwhethertheycangetthechance.注意：在tliink/make/consider/find/feel/believe等可接復合賓語的動詞之后，it可以作為形式賓語，而真正的賓語that從句則放在句尾Hehasmadeitclearthatliewillnotgivein.【表語從句】表語從句放在系動詞的后面?？梢越颖碚Z從句的連系動詞有be,look,remain,seem等。如：Theonlyquestionleftishowoftenthewo^keFSarepaid.Itlooksasifit'sgoingtorain.【同位語從句】同位語從句在句中作同位語，出現(xiàn)在一個名詞的后面，起著解釋說明的作用?？筛徽Z從句的名詞主要有:fact,news,promise,reason,idea,hope,word,belief等。Weheardthenewsthatoufteamhadwon.Wewerehappytohearthenewsthatwasannouncedbvourboss.注意的問題名詞性從句要使用陳述句語序。在名詞性從句中，主語從句，表語從句，賓語從句，名詞性從句均要使用陳述句語序。?Noonewillbesurewhatmanwilllooklikeinamillionyears?@Doyouknowhowmuchmoneyhespent?@Doyouknowwhathappened??that及wliat：that引導名從時，無意義不當句子成分，只是引導詞；而what引導名從時，在從句中要充當主賓表等句子成分，what表"…的…"二the+n.+thatAmodemcityhasbeensetupin wasawastelandtenyearsago. theearthgoesaroundthesuniswidelyaccepted?Chinaisnolonger itusedtobe.Atlastthesoldiersreached thelocalscalledtheThreeGorges.Thereismuchchance Billwillrecoverfromliisinjuryintimefortherace?if和whether在引導賓語從句時兩者可以互換，但引導介詞后邊的賓語從句或從句后面緊跟ornot時只能用whether,而不能用if。在引導主語從句.表語從句和同位語從句時，只能用whether,而不能用if。Whether還可及不定式.ornotN介詞連用Heaskedif(whether)youhavereceivedhisletter.Thisdependsoil heisinterested(ornot)?Haveyoudecided togotheretomorrow?Itdoesn'tmatter hewillcomeornot.that及if/whetherthat,whether,if都不作句子的任何成分。因此，它們所引導的句子結構必須完整。that一般用于確定的語氣中，引導賓語從句時，口語中的that可省略，而其他情況中的that一般不可?。欢鴚hether,if一般用于不確定的語句中。如： lielearntEnglishbeforeiscertain.fmnotsure hecanovercomethedifficulties.that和why.that表示原因時，引導表語從句?而why引導的從句充當reason的定語。①Thereasonforhisabsenceis heisill.②Thereason lieleftschoolis liisfamilyispoor?注意:this/tliatisbecause引導表語從句指原因this/thatiswhy引導表語從句指結果Hewasill.Thatwas lieaskedthreedays*leave?nomatterwlio/wliat/whichever及whoever/whatever/whichevernomatter...只能引導狀語從句，???ever既可引導狀語從句又可以引導名詞性從句. wassaidheremustbekeptsecret breaksthelawwillbepunished? seasonitis,themanalwayswearshisfunny-lookinghat.Hewillgive needshelpawarmsupport?7?同位語從句及定語從句的區(qū)別。定語從句中的關系代詞that在句中做賓語或主語，有時可以及which互換。同位語從句中的連詞that只起連接作用，在從句中不擔當任何句子成分；而如果句子是同位語從句，就應用連詞that而不能用whicho同位語從句一般放在表抽象意義的名詞如：fact,suggestion、truth、possibility、idea等后面，解釋名詞的含義或內容，而定語從句只是對先行詞的限定和修飾。?ThenewsthatMr.BrownwillbeournewEnglishteacheristrue@Thenewsthathetoldmeyesterdayistrue?8.賓語從句的時態(tài)(主句用一般現(xiàn)在時，從句可以用任何時態(tài)；主句如果用過去式，從句也必須用和過去有關的時態(tài)。除了賓語從句表的是自然規(guī)律用一般現(xiàn)在時。Theteachertoldusthatthemoontravelsaroundthemoon?月亮圍繞地球貳電客觀事實。Hemadeitclearthatliedidn'tlikethejob?9?名詞性從句中的虛擬語氣——“(should)+do”在主語從句中用來表示驚奇.不相信、惋惜.理應如此等，謂語動詞用虛擬語氣,常用句型有:Itisnecessary；(important,natural,strange,etc.)that...ItissuggestectCrequested,proposed,desired,etc.)that..?一堅持(insist).二命令(order,command三建議(suggest,advise,propose)^四要求(demand,desire,require>request)?主語是suggestion,proposalrequest,decision等表"建議.請求.要求.決定"等意思的詞時，表語從句，同位語中謂語動詞要用虛擬語氣M(should)+do\Itisnecessarythatacollegestudent (master)atleastaforeignlanguage?Iadvisedthatlie (send)tothehospitalatonce?Mysuggestionisthathe (go)toseeadoctoratonce?Iamagainsthisadvicethatthebridge (pull)down.總結：名詞性從句引導詞的選擇三步驟步驟一：如果從句中缺少主語，或者賓語，或者表語，或者定語，則考慮用連接代詞(What,who.which,whose,whatever...)步驟二：如果從句中既不缺少主語，賓語，也不缺少表語，但是缺少一定意義的狀語，則考慮用連接副詞(where,when,why,how...)步驟三：如果既不缺少主語，賓語，表語，也不缺少狀語，貝U考虎用連接詞(that,whether,詢名詞性從句專練一、改錯題：1?It'suncertainthattheexperimentisworthdoing.,Allwhatishardistodogoodallone'slifeandneverdoanythingbad.Theboydidn'ttakemedicinemadehismotherangry.Youcan'timaginehowexcitedweretheywhentheyreceivedtheseniceChristmaspresents?Thatwe*llgocampingtomorrowdependsontheweatherWliathereallymeansiswhathedisagreeswithus.WlienwellHnislitranslatingthebookdependonthetime.Wlierewillthehousebebuiltwillbediscussedattomorrow'smeeting?Ifyoucomeornotisuptoyou.ThatisthatLuXunoncelived.WethoughtstrangethatTomdidnotcomeyesterday.Thefactwhichshehadnotsaidanythingsurprisedallofus.Wlioleavestheroomlastouglittoturnoffthelights?14?TheenergyisthatmakesthecelkabletodotlieirworicJackwassoontoldwhyhedidwasnotnecessary.Isthiswhatwemeteachothertwoyearsago?Idon'tcarewhethersheliasnomoney;Icareifsheishonestornot.Thechildisalwayslying,sononeofuswillbelievenomatterwhathesays?Sarahopestobecomeafriendofwhosharesherinterest?WeexpressthehopewhichtheBrownswouldcometoChinaagain.Thetownisquitedifferentfromthatitwas3yearsago.ThisisafactthatEnglishiswidelyusedasaninternationallanguage?Thereasonwhyliewaslateisbecausehegotuplate?Theywanttomakeitcleartothepublictheydoanimportantjob?AsisknowntoallisthatpaperwasfirstinventedinChina?Thisiswhatourproblemlies.YoumaydependonthatIshallalwayshelpyou.Itisunknownthatwherewewillhavethemeeting?rilmakeknowntoallthatyouwerenothonest.Whenandwhereweshallhavethelecturearenotdecided2014-2015年名詞性從句高考題填空Ashipinharborissafe,butthat'snot shipsarebuiltfoT?（安徽卷）trulybelieve beautycomesfromwithin.（北京卷） weunderstandthingshasalottodowithwliatwefeeL（北京卷）—Iwonder Maryhaskeptherfigureafteralltheseyears?—Byworkingouteveryday?（福建卷）Youhavetoknow you'regoingifyouaretoplanthebestwayofgettingthere.（湖南卷） LiBai,agreatChinesepoet,wasbornisknowntothepublic,butsomewon'tacceptit.（江蘇卷）Readingherbiography;Iwaslostinadmirationfor DorisLessinghadachievedinliterature.（陜西卷）Theexhibitiontelkus weshoulddosomethingtostopairpollution?（四丿I〕卷）Ifyouswiminariverorlake,besuretoinvestigate isbelowthewatersurface.Oftentherearerocksorbranchedhiddeninthewater.（浙江卷）Wemustfindout Karliscoming,sowecanbookaroomforhim?（重慶卷）（2014山東卷）7?Itisdifficultforustoimagine lifewaslikeforslavesintheancientworkL（2014北京卷）30?Thebestmomentforthefootballstarwas hescoredthewinninggoaL（2014匕京卷）33?Somepeoplebelieve hashappenedbeforeorishappeningnowwillrepeatitselfinthefuture?（2014福建卷）34.Pickyourselfup.Courageisdoing you'reafraidtodo.（2014湖南卷）24.AsJohnLennononcesaid,lifeis happenstoyouwhileyouarebusymakingotherplans.（2014江蘇卷）2&—Whatamess!Youarealwayssolazy!—I'mnottoblame,mum.Iam youhavemademe.（2014全國大綱卷）24.Exactly thepotatowasintroducedintoEuropeisuncertain,butitwasprobablyaround1565?（2014陜西卷）15. thedelayedflightwilltakeoffdependsmuchontheweather.（2014四川卷）2?Grandpapointedtothehospitalandsaid,"That's Iwasborn.w（2014天津卷）14?Ithink impressesmeabouthispaintingisthecoloursheuses.（2014浙江卷）8?"Eveiytimeyoueatasweet,drinkgreentea."Thisis mymotherusedtotellme.（2014重慶卷）12.—IsittruethatMikerefiisedanofferfromYaleUniversityyesterday?—Yeah,butIhavenoidea hedidit;that'soneofhisfavoriteuniversity;并列連詞和狀語從句一、狀語從句的定義.功能.分類定義：在復合句中作狀語的從句功能：狀語從句在主從復合句中修飾主句中的動詞，形容詞或副詞，或整個主句分類：按意義可分為時間.地點.原因、目的、結果.條件.方式.比較.讓步等狀語從句。從句的位置放在句首，也可放在句末。放在句首時，從句后面常用一個逗號，放在句末時,從句前一般不用逗號。狀語從句的考點主要是：主從句時態(tài)一致，從屬連詞不能及并列連詞連用，根據(jù)主從句之間的邏輯關系選擇正確的連詞，某些連詞的固定句型以及狀語從句的省略問題。二用法1、 時間狀語從句常用引導詞:when,as,while,assoonas,while,before,after,since,till,until特殊引導詞:theminute,themoment,thesecond,eveiytime,theday,theinstant,immediately、directly,nosooner..?than,hardly...when,scarcely…whendidn'trealizeliowspecialmymotherwasuntilIbecameanadult.WhileJohnwaswatchingTV,hiswifewascooking?Thechildrenranawayfromtheorchard（果園）themomenttheysawtheguard?NosoonerhadIarrivedhomethanitbeganto“in.EverytimeIlistentoyouradvice,Igetintotrouble?2、 地點狀語從句常用引導詞:where,wherever,Generally,airwillbeheavilypollutedwheretherearefactories?Whereveryougo,youshouldworkhard?Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.Pleasemakeamarkwhereyouhaveanyquestion.3、 原因狀語從句常用引導詞:because,since,as,nowthatMyfriendsdislikemebecauseI'mhandsomeandsuccessful.NowthateverybodyhascomeJet'sbeginourconference?目的飛語從句常用引導詞:sothat,inorderthat,incase,forfearthatThebossaskedthesecretarytohurryupwiththeletterssothathecouldsignthem?Theteacherraisedhisvoiceonpurposethatthestudentsinthebackcouldhearmoreclearly?結果狀語從句常用引導詞:sothat,so...that,such...that,Hegotupearlysothathecaughtthefirstbus.It'ssuchagoodchancethatwemustnotmissit.條件狀語從句常用引導詞：i€unless,as/solongas,providing/providedthat,suppose/supposingthat,onconditionthatYouwillcertainlysucceedsolongasyoukeepontrying?Providedthatthereisnoopposition,weshallholdthemeetinghere?讓步狀語從句常用引導詞:though,although,evenif,eventhough,as（用在讓步狀語從句中必須要倒裝while（—般用在句首）,nomatter+疑問詞.疑問詞-everMuchasIrespecthim,Ican'tagreetohisproposal.Nomatterhowhardhetried,shecouldnotchangehermind?比較狀語從句常用引導詞:as（同級比較）,than（不同程度的比較），Sheisasbad-temperedashermother?Thehouseisthreetimesasbigasours.方式狀語從句常用引導詞:as,asif,WheninRome,doastheRomando.Shebehavedasifsheweretheboss.三.用法靈活的as,while引導的狀語從句1?as可以引導時間、原因.讓步、比較和方式5種狀語從句。2.while可以引導時間.讓步、條件3種狀語從句。While（二Though）Ilikethecolorofthehat,Idontlikeitsshape?四nItbe+時間+wlien/that/since/before用法辨析itwas+（時刻，或時間點）+when從句Itwas1997whenHongkongreturnedtoChina?Itwasfiveo'clockwhenwearrivedatthesmallmountainvillage?對比強調句型：Itwasatfiveo'clockthatwearrivedatthesmallmountainvillage.It+willbe+時間段+before..."句型中.表示“要過多久才??二“Itwillnotbe+時間段+before../表示“不久就?…,過不了多久就??????\“itwas+時間段+before」表示“過了（多長時間）才??…?”ItwastwoyearsbeforeMacaoreturnedtoChina.Itwon'tbelongbeforeyouseehimagain.Itwaslongbeforetheyescapedfromtheprison?itis（hasbeen）+一段時間+since從句Itis/hasbeentwodayssinceshefellill.強化習題：l.ItwaslastSunday IcameacrossMrBrown?2.1twasmidnight theyoungcouplecamebackfromthebalL3.1twon'tbeaminute thelunchisready;4.1tistwoweeks theSmithslivedinourvillage?5.1twasnotuntil1920 regularradiobroadcastsbegan.6.WasitduringtheSecondWorldWar hedied?7.1thasbeenoneyear Igotthejob?8.1twasn'tlong theydrovetheenemyofftlieircountry.9?Itwillbetwoyears wemeetagain.10.Itisyears Ienjoyedmyselfsomuch..Itwastwoyears herealizedthetruth?Itwillbetwoyears theeconomicsituationimproves.Itwastwoyearslater herealizedthetruth?Itis/hasbeentwoyears helivedhere?Itwasmidnight hearrivedhome?Itwasatmidnight liearrivedhome?Itwasnotuntilmidnight hearrivedhome?A.beforeB.whenC.sinceD.that填空1? scientistshavelearnedalotabouttheuniverse,thereismuchwestilldon'tknow.Ifyoumissthischance,itmaybeyears yougetanotherone?HardlyhadIenteredtheroom thephonerang?waslisteningtothemusic therewasaknockatthedoor thedamageisdone,itwilltakemanyyearsforthefarmlandtorecover.Goandgetyourcoat.It's youleftit. thedaywenton,theweathergotworse?Theyoungcouple,whoreturnedmylostwallet,left Icouldaskfortheirnames?believeyouwillhaveawonderfultimehere yougettoknoweveiyoneeke.Weneedtogettotherootoftheproblem wecansolveit.Themeaningofthewordnnice'changedafewtimes itfinallycametoincludethesense"pleasant."12?Idon'treallyliketheauthoi; Ihavetoadmitliisbooksareveryexciting?Wefoundthebookstwodays liehadgoneaway.?Halfanhourlater;Lucystillcouldn'tgetataxi thebushaddroppedhenYouwillnevergainsuccess youarefullydevotedtoyourwork??Donotleavetheroom youhavefinishedthetest.17. hardItried,Istillcouldn'tmanageit.18.ltwasnot hetookoffhisdarkglass Irealizedwhohewas.Much IadmireDavidasapoet,Idon'tlikehimasaman.Quitestudent_hemaybe,lietalksalotabouthisfavoritesingersafterclass?改錯1?I'llletyouknowassoonastheywillarrive?HeaskedmetostaywhichIwas?Theyhadwrittenthreeletterssincetheycameback?Bythetimewegothome,Ihaveforgottenallaboutit.Thelightwentoutwhilewearehavingsupper.Myfatherhastwobrothers,bothofthemareallPartymembers.Sincethateverybodyishere,let'sstartourclass?don'tknowwhetheritwillrainornot,butifitwill,Ishallstayhome.wasshoppingatFolry'swhileImetanoldfriend10.Unlessheworksmorehardei;hewillcertainlyfaiLneverbuyanythingunlessitisnotreallyneeded.Shecomestotalktomewhenevershefeltlonely.????Wliatwasthepartylike?—-WonderfuLIt'syearswhenIenjoyedmyselfsomuch?Whateveryoudo,andFllberightherewaitingforyou.Jimimaginedthatthewholeworldknewofliisachievements,wheninfactonlyafewpeoplehadheardofit?Howevei;therearestillsomecountriestherepeoplehaveshorterlives?Whenbeingcompleted,theparkwillbeopentothepublic?NexttimethatIplantotravelinLondon,Tmgoingtotakeaplane?MuchalthoughI