2023年同等學(xué)力英語人員申請碩士學(xué)位外國語水平全國統(tǒng)一考試

同等學(xué)力英語人員申請碩士學(xué)位外國語水平全國統(tǒng)一考試PartⅢReadingComprehension(45minutes,30point)Directions:Thereare5passagesinthispart.Eachpassageisfollowedby5questionsorunfinishedstatements.Foreachofthemthereare4choicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosethebestoneandmarkthecorrespondingletterwithasinglebaracrossthesquarebracketsonyourmachine-scoringANSWERSHEET.PassageOneLonelinesshasbeenlinkedtodepressionandotherhealthproblems.Now,astudysaysitcanalsospread.Afriendofalonelypersonwas52%morelikelytodevelopfeelingsofloneliness.Andafriendofthatfriendwas25%morelikelytodothesame.Earlierfindingsshowedthathappiness,fatnessandtheabilitytostopsmokingcanalsogrowlikeinfectionswithinsocialgroups.ThefindingsallcomefromamajorhealthstudyintheAmericantownofFramingham,Massachusetts.Thestudybeganin1948toinvestigatethecausesofheartdisease.Sincethen,moretestshavebeenadded,includingmeasuresoflonelinessanddepression.Thenewfindingsinvolvedmorethan5,000peopleinthesecondgenerationoftheFraminghamHeartStudy.Theresearchersexaminedfriendshiphistoriesandreportsofloneliness.Theresultsestablishedapatternthatspreadaspeoplereportedfewerclosefriends.Forexample,lonelinesscanaffectrelationshipsbetweennext-doorneighbors.Thelonelinessspreadsasneighborswhowereclosefriendsnowspendlesstimetogether.Thestudyalsofoundthatlonelinessspreadsmoreeasilyamongwomenthanmen.ResearchersfromtheUniversityofChicago,HarvardandtheUniversityofCalifornia,SanDiego,didthestudy.ThefindingsappearedlastmonthintheJournalofPersonalityandSocialPsychology.Theaveragepersonissaidtoexperiencefeelingsoflonelinessabout48daysayear.Thestudyfoundthathavingalonelyfriendcanaddabout17days.Buteveryadditionalfriendcandecreaselonelinessbyabout5%,ortwoandahalfdays.Lonelypeoplebecomelessandlesstrustingofothers.Thismakesitmoreandmoredifficultforthemtomakefriends-andmorelikelythatsocietywillrejectthem.JohnCacioppoattheUniversityofChicagoledthestudy.Hesaysitisimportanttorecognizeanddealwithloneliness.Hesayspeoplewhohavebeenpushedtotheedgesofsocietyshouldreceivehelptorepairtheirsocialnetworks.Theaimshouldbetoaggressivelycreatewhathecallsa“protectivebarrier”againstloneliness.Thisbarrier,hesays,cankeepthewholenetworkfromcomingapart.31.Besidesloneliness,whichofthefollowingcanalsospreadamongpeople?A.FriendshipB.HappinessC.DepressionD.Smoking32.TheFraminghamHeartStudystartingfrom1948____A.expandeditsresearchtopicsB.involved5,000patientsofdepressionC.identifiedlonelinessasonekeyfactorforheartdiseaseD.examinedtherelationshipbetweenlonelinessanddepression33.Whichofthefollowingistrueaboutthespreadofloneliness?A.ItleadstoagraduallossoffriendsB.ItisacommonphenomenonamongwomenC.itisoftenfoundintheneighborhoodD.itruinstherelationshipsbetweenclosefriends34.Havingalonelyfriend,youaremorelikelyto________A.strengthenyourfriendshipB.developnewfriendshipC.increasethesenseoflonelinessD.reducethesenseofloneliness35.AccordingtoJohnCacioppoattheUniversityofChicago,lonelinesscan_______A.resultinaggressivenessB.causepeopletobeoverprotectiveC.infectsocialnetworksD.pushpeopletothevergeofpoverty36.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?A.LonelinesscanspreadB.LonelinessislinkedtodepressionC.LonelypeopletendtogrowfatD.LonelypeopleneedmorefriendsPassageTwoCaliforniahasanewprogramcalledtheDigitalTextbookInitiative.“Startingthisfallwithhighschoolmathandscience.Wewillbethefirststateinthenationtoprovideschoolswithastate–approvedlistofdigitaltextbooks.”ThatwasGovernorArnoldSchwarzeneggerinJune,talkingabouthisefforttogetschoolstousematerialsavailablefreeonline.Helistedreasonswhyhethinksdigitaltextbooksmakesense.Californiaapprovestraditionaltextbooksinsix-yearcycles.Digitalonecanofferthelatestinformation.Theylightentheloadofschoolbags.Theysavepaperandtrees,andmakelearningmorefunandinteractive.Andaboveall,hesaid,theyhelpschoolswiththeirfinances.Thestatehashadtomakeseverecutsinschoolspendingbecauseofdeepfinancialproblems.MorethansixmillionstudentsattendCaliforniapublicschools.Earlierthisyear,Californiainvitedcontentdeveloperstoofferdigitalmathandsciencematerialsforhighschools.Thesehadtomeetatleast90%ofthestate’slearningrequirements.Speciallytrainedteachersexamined16textbooksandapprovedtenofthem.SixofthetenwerepublishedbytheCK12Foundation,anonprofitgroupthathadbeendevelopingdigitalscienceandmathbooksforabouttwoyears.Thefoundationpaidteachersandothereducationprofessionalstowriteandeditthem.ThemoneycamefromagroupfinancedbytheKhoslaFamily.Californiacannotrequireschoolstousethedigitaltextbooks.Individualschooldistrictswillhavetodecideforthemselves.SusanMartimo,aCaliforniaDepartmentofEducationofficial,saysshedoesnotexpectwidespreaduserightaway.Herbestguessisthatsomeschoolswithalotoftechnologywillbethefirsttousethem,butonlyinadditiontotheirtraditionalbooks.Schooladministratorspointoutthatthetextsmaybefreeonline,butstudentsneedawaytoaccessthem.Noteveryonehasacomputerorelectronicreader.Schoolscouldprintoutcopies,butthatwouldnothelptheenvironment.Also,thereisthecosttotrainteacherstousedigitaltextbookseffectively.37.TheDigitalTextbookInitiative_______________A.willprobablytakeeffectinsixyearsB.coversallthehighschoolsubjectsC.hasbeenapprovedbyallstatesD.isadvocatedbyCaliforniastategovernor38.Themainreasonforpromotingdigitaltextbooksisto______________A.helpsavemoneyB.benefittheenvironmentC.provideinterestingmaterialsD.reducestudents’heavyburden39.Thedigitaltextbookswereapprovedby_________A.trainedteachersB.contentdevelopersC.KhoslaFamilyD.CK12Foundation40.WhatistrueofCK12Foundation?A.Itproduced16digitaltextbooksB.ItpaidteacherstowritedigitaltextbooksC.ItisfinancedbyCaliforniastategovernmentD.Itmakesmoneythroughdevelopingdigitaltextbooks41.AccordingtoSusanMartimo,digitaltextbook_____A.arenotlikelytohaveawidespreaduseB.willsoonreplacetraditionalonesC.willfirstbeadoptedbywell-equippedschoolsD.arecertaintobeapprovedbyschooldistricts42.Itcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphthat________A.schoolsarereluctanttoprintoutcopiesB.theuseofdigitaltextbooksisnotreallyfreeC.studentsneedtopayforcomputersD.trainingteacherstousethetextbooksisnotefficientPassageThreeDoctorsinBritainarewarningofanobesitytimebomb,whenchildrenwhoarealreadyoverweightgrowup.So,whatshouldwedo?Exercisemore?Eatless?Orboth?Thegovernmentfeelsithastotakeresponsibilityforthisexpandingproblem.ThecheerfulMr.Pickwick,theheroofthenovelbyCharlesDickens,isseeninillustrationsassomeonewhoisplump(胖乎乎旳)---andhappy.In18thcenturypaintingsbeautyisequatedwithroundedbodiesandsoftcurves.Butnowadaysbeingoverweightisseenasindicatingneitheracheerfulcharacternorbeautybutanincreasedriskofheartdiseaseandstroke.Sowhatdoyoudo?Diet?NotaccordingtoEngland’schiefmedicalofficer,SirLiamDonaldson.Hesaysthatphysicalactivityisthekeyforreducingtherisksofobesity,cancerandheartdisease.AndtheHealthSecretaryJohnReidevensaidthatbeinginactiveisasseriousariskfactorinheartdiseaseassmoking.So,havingboughtsomecrosstrainers,howmuchexerciseshouldyoudo?AccordingtoSirLiamDonaldson,atleast30minutesofmoderateactivityfivedaysaweek.Isgoingtothegymtheanswer?Luckilyforthosewhofindtreadmills(跑步機)tedious,theHealthDevelopmentAgencybelievesthatphysicalactivitythatfitsintopeople’slivesmaybemoreeffective.Theysuggesttakingthestairsratherthanthelift,walkingupescalators,playingactivegameswithyourchildren,dancingorgardening.Andaccordingtoasportspsychologist,ProfessorBiddle,gymsarenotmakingthenationfit,andmayevencauseharm.There’snewscientificevidencethattoomuchexercisemayactuallybebadforyou.ScientistsattheUniversityofUlsterhavefoundthatunaccustomedexercisereleasesdangerousfreeradicalsthatcanadverselyaffectnormalfunctioninunfitpeople.Theonlypeoplewhoshouldpushtheirbodiestothatlevelofexerciseonaregularbasisaretrainedathletes.So,shouldweforgetaboutgymsandfollowsomeexperts’advicetoincreaseexerciseinourdailylife?Afterall,gettingoffthebusastopearlyandwalkingtherestofthewaycan’tdoanyharm!Onefinalthought.Howcomepastgenerationslackedgymfacilitiesbutwereleanerandfitterthanpeopletoday?43.Thispassageismainlyabout______________A.howtokeepfitandavoidfatnessB.increasedrisksforoverweightpeopleC.thedangersofexerciseinthegymD.thebenefitofabalanceddiet44.Whatdose“thisexpandingproblem”(Para1)referto?A.TheslowgrowingupofoverweightchildrenB.TheobesitytimebombwarnedofbydoctorsC.TolittleexerciseandtoomuchdietD.Neglectofthehealthissuebythegovernment45.WhydoestheauthormentionMr.PickwickinCharlesDickens’novel?A.Hewasportrayedinan18thcenturypainting.B.Heistheheroofaworldfamousnovel.C.Hesufferedfromheartdiseaseandstroke.D.Heistheimageofbeingplumpandhappy.46.AccordingtoSirLiamDonaldson,whatisthebestwaytoavoidobesity?A.BeingondietB.GivingupsmokingC.BeingasinactiveaspossibleD.Doingphysicalactivities47.WhichofthefollowingisNOTrecommendedbytheHealthDevelopmentAgency?A.Walkingupescalators,dancingorgardening.B.Goingtothegymtowalkontreadmills.C.Takingthestairsratherthanthelift.D.Playingactivegameswithyourchildren.48.Itcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphthat________.A.toomuchexercisemayactuallybebadforhealthB.experts’advicecannotbealwaysfollowed.C.pastgenerationslongedforgymfacilitieswehavetodayD.moderatedaily-lifeexercisecanmakeusleanerandfitterPassageFourAmetaphorisapoeticdevicethatdealswithcomparison.Itcomparessimilarqualitiesoftwodissimilarobjects.Withasimplemetaphor,oneobjectbecomestheother.Loveisarose.Althoughthisdoesnotsoundlikeaparticularlyrichimage,ametaphorcancommunicatesomuchaboutaparticularimagethatpoetsusethemmorethananyothertypeoffigurativelanguage.Thereasonforthisisthatpoetscomposetheirpoetrytoexpresswhattheyareexperiencingemotionallyatthatmoment.Consequently,whatthepoetimagineslovetobemayormaynotbeourperceptionoflove.Therefore,thepoet’sjobistoenableustoexperienceit,tofeelitthesamewayasthepoetdoes.Let’sanalyzethisremarkablyunsophisticatedmetaphorconcerningloveandtherosetoseewhatitoffers.Becausethepoetusesacomparisonwitharose,firstwemustexaminethecharacteristicsofthatflower.Aroseisspectacularinitsbeauty,itspetals(花瓣)arenicelysoft,anditssmellispleasing.It’spossibletosaythataroseisactuallyafeasttothesensesofsight,touch,andsmell.Therose’sappearanceseemstoborderonperfection,eachpetalseeminglysymmetricalinform.Isn’tthisthewayone’sloveshouldbe.Alovedoneshouldbeadelighttoone’ssensesandseemperfect.However,thereisanotherdimensionaddedtothecomparisonbyusingarose.Roseshavethorns.Thepoetwantstoconveytheideathatrosescanbetricky.Socanlove,themetaphortellsus.Whenonereachesoutwithabsolutetrusttotouchtheobjectofhisorheraffection,ouch,athorncancausegreatharm!“Becareful,”themetaphorwarns:Loveisafeasttothesenses,butitcanoverwhelmus,anditcanalsohurtusandcauseacutesuffering.Thisisthepoet’sperceptionoflove---anadmonition(勸誡).Whatisthepoint?Justthis:Ittookalmost14sentencestoclarifywhatasimplemetaphorcommunicatesinonlyfourwords.Thatistheartistryandthejoyofthesimplemetaphor.49.Accordingtothepassage,whatisametaphor?A.Acomparisonbetweentwodifferentobjectswithsimilarfeatures.B.Acontrastbetweentwodifferentthingstocreateavividimage.C.Adescriptionoftwosimilarobjectsinapoeticway.D.Aliterarydevicespeciallyemployedinpoetrywriting.50.Themainideaofthispassageisthat________________A.roseisagoodimageinpoetryB.LoveissweetandpleasingC.metaphorisambiguousD.metaphorisagreatpoeticdevice51.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatametaphoris___A.difficulttounderstand B.richinmeaningC.notpreciseenough D.likeaflower52.Asismeantbytheauthor,thornsofarose_________A.protecttheroseformharmB.symbolizereducedloveC.addanewelementtotheimageofloveD.representobjectsofone’saffection53.Themeaningofthelove-is-a-rosemetaphoristhat___A.loveisatruejoy B.truelovecomesonceinalifetimeC.lovedoesnotlastlong D.loveisbothgoodandbadexperiences54.Accordingtothepassage,poetryisintendedto_____A.releaseanger B.entertainthereadersC.expresspoets’ideas D.rewardthesensesPassageFiveSome23millionadditionalU.S.residentsareexpectedtobecomemoreregularusersoftheU.S.healthcaresysteminthenextseveralyears,thankstothepassageofhealthcarereform.Digitizingmedicaldatahasbeenpromotedasonewaytohelpthealreadyburdenedsystemmanagethesurgeinpatients.Butputtingpeople’shealthinformationindatabasesandonlineisgoingtodomorethansimplyreduceredundancies.Itisalreadyshiftingtheeverywayweseekandreceivehealthcare.“Thesocialdynamicsofcarearechanging,”saysJohnGomez,vicepresidentofEclipsys,amedicalinformationtechnologycompany.MostpatientsmightnotyetbewillingtosharetheirlatestCTscanimagesoverFacebook,henotes,butmanyparentsposttheirbabies’ultrasoundimages,andcountlesspatientsnowadaysusesocialnetworkingsitestoshareinformationaboutconditions,treatmentsanddoctors.Withgreateraccesstoindividualizedhealthinformation------whetherthatisthroughaformalelectronicmedicalrecord,aself-createdpersonalhealthrecordoraquickinstant-messagingsessionwithaphysician-------thetraditionalrolesofdoctorsandpatientsareundergoingarapidtransition.“Foraslongaswe’veknown,healthcarehasbeen‘Igotothephysician,andtheytellmewhattodo,andIdoit,”saysNituKashyap,aphysicianandresearchfellowattheYaleCenterforMedicalInformatics.Soonmorepatientswillbearrivingatahospitalordoctor’sofficehavingreviewedtheirownrecord,latesttestresultsandrecommendedarticlesabouttheirhealthconcerns.Andevenmoreindividualswillbeabletoskipthatvisitaltogether,insteadsendingatextmessageore-mailtotheircareproviderorconsultingapersonalhealthrecordorsmart-phoneapplicationtoanswertheirquestions.Thesechangeswillbestrengthenedbythenationwideshifttoelectronicmedicalrecords,whichhasalreadybegun.AlthoughthemajorityofU.S.hospitalsanddoctor’sofficesarestillstruggletostartthechangeover,manypatientsalreadyhaveelectronicmedicalrecords-andsomeevenhavepartialaccesstothem.TheMyChartprogram,inuseatClevelandClinic,theUniversityofTexasSouthwesternMedicalCenteratDallasandotherfacilities,isaWebportal(門戶)throughwhichpatientscanseebasicmedicalinformationaswellassometestresults.Medicaldataisgettinganewdigitallife,anditisjump-startinga“fundamentalchangeinhowcareisprovided,”Gomezsays.55.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthispassage?A.TheFutureofYourMedicalDataB.ChallengesAgainstDoctorsandHospitalC.BenefitsoftheU.S.HealthyCareReformD.HowtoAccessandShareYourHealthInformation56.Puttingpatientinformationindatabasesandonline____A.enablesmoreAmericanstojointhehealthcaresystemB.contributestothepassageofhealthcarereformC.increasestheburdenoftheU.S.healthcaresystemD.changeshowpeopleseekandreceivehealthcare57.AccordingtoJohnGomez,manypatientsusesocialnetworkingsitesto______A.changetheirsocialinteractionsB.posttheirlatestCTscanimagesC.shareinformationabouttheirhealthcareD.showtheirbabies’recentpictures58.WhichofthefollowingisNOTchangingthetraditionalrolesofdoctorsandpatients?A.AformalelectronicmedicalrecordB.AneasieraccesstoinformationonlineC.Aself-createdpersonalhealthrecordD.Aquickinstant-messagingsessionwithadoctor59.AccordingtoNituKashyap,morepatientsinthefuturewill_____A.refusetofollowtheirdoctors’adviceB.bemoredependentontheirdoctorsC.leaveouttheirvisittodoctors’officesandhospitalsD.havetheirhealthconditionsexaminedthroughe-mail60.Itisstatedinthepassagethat______________A.nationwidedigitalizationofmedicaldatawillbeginsoonB.mostofU.S.hospitalsanddoctorsareagainsttheshiftC.patientsareworriedaboutthesecurityoftheirhealthinformationD.patientsarestaringtomakeuseoftheirelectronicmedicalrecordsPartIVClose(15minutes,15points,1foreach)Directions:Inthispart,thereisapassagewith15blanks.Foreachblankthereare4choicesmarkedA.B.C.D.Choosethebestanswerforeachblankandmarkthecorrespondingletterwithasinglebaracrossthesquarebracketsonyourmachine-scoringANSWERSHEET.Areyousinglebuttoobusytosearchforlove?Thenyouneedtotrythelatestdatingphenomenonthatissweeping61theUK---speeddating.Speeddating62menandwomanmeetinginaroomandfindingoutasmuchastheycanaboutpossible63inthreeminutes.It’sprovingevery64withBritain’syoungpeoplewhofindthattheyhaven’tgotthetimetomeetthatspecialone.Ataspeeddatingeventyouaregiventhreeminutestotalk,65,withamemberoftheoppositesex.Thenabellis66andyoumovetoanotherpersonandstartchattingagain.Bytheendoftheeveningyouwillhavespokenwithuptotwentymenorwomen!If,bytheendofaconversation,you67thepersonorwouldliketoseehimorheragain,youwriteit68onacard.Then,iftheotherpersonalsofanciesyou,theorganizerswillcontactyouwiththeirdetails.Butisthreeminuteslongenoughtomakeanimpressionand69ifyouwanttoseesomeoneagain?Researchsuggeststhat70canbefeltwithinthefirstthirtysecondsofmeetingsomeone,andthatis71speeddatingisallabout,knowingquicklyifyouaregoingtolikesomeone.Andwhataboutromance?Isitpossibletomakeagood72insuchashorttime?73,peoplesayyoucan’thurrylove.However,Britainwillsoonhaveitsfirstmarriagefromaspeeddate.So,ifyouareona74tofindMr.orMissRight,whathaveyougottolose?75,youstillgohomeonyourown.Butatbest,thepersonofyourdreamscouldbejustthreeminutesaway.61.A.off B.acrossC.over D.through62.A.requires B.inquires C.revolves D.involves63.A.partners B.spouses C.friends D.counterparts64.A.practical B.popular C.favorable D.normal65.A.allinone B.oneafterone C.oneonone D.oneandall66.A.knocked B.shaken C.swung D.rung67.A.attract B.enjoy C.chase D.fancy68.A.down B.off C.up D.back69.A.workon B.workout C.workat D.workup70.A.emotion B.sentiment C.chemistry D.attachment71.A.how B.about C.all D.where72.A.conclusion B.refection C.guess D.judgment73.A.Inall B.Afterall C.Ofall D.Andall74.A.tour B.route C.direction D.Mission75.A.Atlast B.Atfirst C.Atworst D.AtendPaperTwo(60minutes)PartITranslation(30minutes,20points,10foreachsection)SectionADirections:TranslatethefollowingpassageintoChinese.WriteyourtranslationontheANSWERSHEET.Anecosystemisagroupofanimalsandplantslivinginaspecificregionandinteractingwithoneanotherandwiththeirphysicalenvironment.Ecosystemsincludephysicalandchemicalcomponents,suchassoils,water,andnutrientsthatsupporttheorganismslivingthere.Theseorganismsmayrangeformlargeanimalstomicroscopicbacteria.Ecosystemalsocanbethoughtofastheinteractionsamongallorganismsinagivenarea;forinstance,onespeciesmayserveasfoodforanother.Peoplearepartoftheecosystemswheretheyliveandwork.Humanactivitiescanharmordestroylocalecosystemsunlessactionssuchaslanddevelopmentforhousingorbusinessesarecarefullyplannedtoconserveandsustaintheecologyofthearea.SectionBDirections:TranslatethefollowingpassageintoEnglish.WriteyourtranslationontheANSWERSHEET.全球化作為一種新旳經(jīng)濟和社會發(fā)展趨勢，給中國帶來了機遇，也帶來了挑戰(zhàn)。首先，中國正成為世界制造業(yè)中心并在國際舞臺上發(fā)揮著日益重要旳作用；另首先，我們也面臨著怎樣在全球化進(jìn)程中既要發(fā)展經(jīng)濟，又能傳承優(yōu)秀文化老式旳問題。PartIIWriting(30minutes,5points)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteacompositionofnolessthan150words.Yourcompositionshouldbebased