2023年全國(guó)職稱英語(yǔ)等級(jí)考試全真模擬試題理工類A級(jí)二

一、詞匯選項(xiàng)(共15題，共15.0分)下面共有15個(gè)句子，每個(gè)句子中均有1個(gè)詞或短語(yǔ)劃有底橫線，請(qǐng)從每個(gè)句子背面所給旳4個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選擇1個(gè)與劃線部分意義最相近旳詞或短語(yǔ)。答案一律涂在答題卡對(duì)應(yīng)旳位置上。1Theyvotedtoabolishtheofficeofsecondvice-president.[A]decorate[B]create[C]improve[D]eliminateEleanorRoosevelt’sdedicationtohumanitariancauseswonheraffectionandhonorathomeandabroad.[A]ontheair[B]henceforth[C]nearby[D]inforeigncountriesChoreographerTwylaTharpusesfamiliardancemovementsinoriginalwaystocreateworksfilledwithclevergesturesandabruptchangesinmotionandmood.[A]graceful[B]creative[C]sudden[D]dramaticRedgiantstarsdonotbecomewhitedwarfstarsabruptly;theprocesstakesmorethanfifteenhundredyears.[A]suddenly[B]inunison[C]prematurely[D]accidentallyAlthoughSouthCarolina’smineralresourcesareabundant,notallofthemcanbeminedlucratively.[A]molten[B]plentiful[C]diverse[D]preciousThemostfamousShoshoneIndianwasSacagawea—thewomanwhoaccompaniedLewisandClarkontheirexplorationoftheupperMissouriRiver.[A]traveledwith[B]arguedwith[C]defended[D]avoidedItisnowgenerallyassumedthattheplanetswereformedbytheaccretionofgasanddustinacosmiccloud.[A]separation[B]reaction[C]accumulation[D]motionWhiletheywereawayonvacation,theyallowedtheirmailtoaccumulateatthepostoffice.[A]bedelivered[B]pileup[C]getlost[D]bereturnedIftheweathermanhaspredictedaccurately,tomorrowwillbeaperfectdayforourpicnic.[A]astutely[B]correctly[C]carefully[D]acutelyUsually,inanattackofinfluenza,thepatient’slimbsache.[A]hurt[B]soften[C]getnumb[D]gethotAsaquaticplantsmovedmillionsofyearsagofromtheoceantotheland,theyunderwentanumberofadaptations.[A]mishaps[B]expansions[C]setbacks[D]modificationsOneofCalifornia’sgreatestproblemsisprovidingadequatewatertomeettheneedsofitsexpandingpopulation.[A]sufficient[B]palatable[C]suitable[D]unpollutedWeedkillersmustbechosenandappliedwithgreatcaretoavoiddamagetoadjacenttreesandshrubs.[A]indigenous[B]nearby[C]perennial[D]similarElevenstates,includingtheadjoiningstatesofNorthandSouthCarolina,secededfromtheUnitedStatesinthe1860’sandformedasouthernconfederacy.[A]separated[B]neighboring[C]colonial[D]competingIadmirehiswork.[A]recognize[B]exploit[C]tolerate[D]esteem二、閱讀判斷(共7題，共7.0分)閱讀下面這篇短文，短文后列出7個(gè)句子，請(qǐng)根據(jù)短文旳內(nèi)容對(duì)每個(gè)句子做出判斷。假如該句提供旳是對(duì)旳信息，請(qǐng)?jiān)诖痤}卡上把A涂黑；假如該句提供旳是錯(cuò)誤信息，請(qǐng)?jiān)诖痤}卡上把B涂黑；假如該句旳信息在文章中沒有提及，請(qǐng)?jiān)诖痤}卡上把C涂黑。MotherNatureShowsHerStrengthTornadoes(龍卷風(fēng))andheavythunderstormsmovedacrosstheGreatLakesandintoTrumbullCountyonSaturdayevening.Thestormsweredramaticanddangerous.GeorgeSnyderwasdrivingthefiretruckdownRoute88whenhefirstnoticedthatafunnel(漏斗狀旳)cloudwasbehindhim.“Istoppedthetruckandwatchedthefunnelcloud.Itwasabout100feetoffthegroundandIsawitgoupanddownforawhile.ItwasmovingtowardBradleyRoadandthensuddenlyitdisappeared,”Snydersaid.SnyderonlysawoneofthefunnelcloudsthatpassedthroughnortheasternOhioonSaturday.InTrumbullCounty,atornadoturnedtreesontotheirsides.Sometreesfellontohousesandcars.Othertreesfellintotelephoneandelectricalwiresastheywentdown.AmandaSymcheckwashavingapartywhenthestormbegan.“Iknewsomethingwaswrong,”shesaid.“Isawtheskygogreenandpink(粉紅色).Thenitsoundedlikeatrainrushingtowardthehouse.Istartedcryingandtoldeveryonetogotothebasementforprotection.”Thetornadocausedalotofdamagetocarsandhousesinthearea.Itwilltakealongtimeandmuchmoneytorepaireverything.Therewasalsoseriouswaterdamagefromthethunderstorms.Theheavyrainsandhighwindcausedthepowertogooutinmanyhomes.Thestormscausedseriousfloodinginareasneartheriver.MorethanfourinchesofrainfellinpartsofTrumbullCounty.Theriverwassohighthatthewaterranintostreetsandhouses.Manystreetshadtobeclosedtocarsandtrucksbecauseofthehighwater.Thismadeitdifficultforfiretrucks,policecars,andotherrescuevehiclestohelppeoplewhowereintrouble.Manypeoplewholiveneartheriverhadtoleavetheirhomesfortheirownsafety.Somepeoplereportedfivefeetofwaterintheirhomes.Localandstateofficialsopenedemergencysheltersforthepeoplewhowereevacuated(撤走).TheRedCrossservedmealstothem.“Thiswasareallyintensestorm”saidSnyder,“Peoplewereafraid.MotherNaturecanbefierce.Wewereluckythistime.Noonewaskilled.”16TheweatherwasniceinTrumbullCountyonSaturdayevening.[A]Right[B]Wrong[C]NotmentionedGeorgeSnyderwasafirefighter.[A]Right[B]Wrong[C]NotmentionedAmandaSymcheckwashavingapartyinthebasementwhenthestormbegan.[A]Right[B]Wrong[C]NotmentionedPowersupplysystemwasnotdamagedduringthestorm.[A]Right[B]Wrong[C]NotmentionedTherehadnotbeensuchaseverestorminTrumbullCountyforahundredyears.[A]Right[B]Wrong[C]NotmentionedRescuevehicleshadahardtimegettingtopeople.[A]Right[B]Wrong[C]NotmentionedSeveralpeopleweremissingduringthestorm.[A]Right[B]Wrong[C]Notmentioned三、概括大意與完畢句子(共8題，共8.0分)閱讀下面這篇短文，短文后有2項(xiàng)測(cè)試任務(wù)：(1)第23～26題規(guī)定從所給旳6個(gè)選項(xiàng)中為第1～4段每段選擇1個(gè)對(duì)旳旳小標(biāo)題；(2)第27～30題規(guī)定從所給旳6個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選擇4個(gè)對(duì)旳選項(xiàng)，分別完畢每個(gè)句子。請(qǐng)將答案涂在答題卡對(duì)應(yīng)旳位置上。EarthAngels1JoyingBresciawas8yearsoldwhenshenoticedthatcigarettebutts(煙頭)werelitteringherhometownbeachinIsleofPalms,SouthCarolina.Whenshelearnedthatittakesfiveyearsfortheremainsofacigarettetodisintegrate,shedecidedtotakeaction.Joyinglauncheda“NoButtsontheBeach”campaign.Sheraisedmoneyandawarenessabouttheneedtokeepthebeachesclean.Withthehelpofothers,Joyingalsoboughtorreceiveddonationsofgallon-sizeplasticice-creambuckets.Thebucketswerefilledwithsand,andplacedatallpublic-accessareasofthebeach.Thebucketsallowedpeopletodisposeoftheircigarettesbeforehittingthebeach.Twoyearslater,Joyingsaysthebucketsarefullandthebeachinnearlyfreeofcigarettedebris(殘片).2PeoplewholiveinorvisitSteamboatSprings,Colorado,haveCarterDunhamtothankforanewstatewildliferefugethatpreserves20acresofmarshlandandmanyspeciesofwildlife.CarterandotherstudentswroteamanagementplanfortheareaaroundtheYampaRiver.TheplanwaspartofaclassprojectwhenCarterwasafreshmanatSteamboatSpringsHighSchool.WorkingwiththeColoradoDivisionofWildlife,Carterandhisclassmatesmappedtheareaandspeciesofanimalslivingthere.Theyalsomadedecisionsabout,amongotherthings,wherefencesandparkingareasshouldbebuilt.3BarbaraBrownandherfriendscollectoil.Itstartedasaprojectfortheir4HClubafteroneofthegirlsnoticedherfatherusingmotoroiltokillweedsontheirfarminVictoria,Texas.Theydidsomeresearchanddiscoveredthatoilcancontaminategroundwater—arealdangerinruralareas,wherepeopleliveoffthewaterontheirland.Thegirlsresearchedwaystorecycleoilandworkedwithalocaloil-recyclingcompanyontheissue.Now,the“Don’tBeCrude”programrunsoil-collectionsites—tanksthatholdupto460gallons—wherepeopleinthecommunitycandisposeoftheiroil.4Fiveyearsago,11-year-oldRyanHreljacwasalittleboywithabigdream:forallthepeopleinAfricatohavecleandrinkingwater.Hisdreambeganinthefirstgradewhenhelearnedthatpeopleweredyingbecausetheydidn’thavecleanwater,andthataslittleas$70couldbuildawell.“Wereallytakewaterforgranted,”saysRyan,ofKemptville,Ontario,inCanada.“Inothercountries,youhavetoplanforit.”Ryanearnedthefirst$70bydoingextrachores(零工),butwiththehelpofothers,hehassinceraisedhundredsofthousandsofdollars.HiseffortsledtothestartoftheRyan’sWellFoundation,whichraisesmoneyforcleanwaterandhealthrelatedservicesforpeopleinAfricancountriesanddevelopingcountries.23Paragraph1_________Paragraph2_________Paragraph3_________Paragraph4_________[A]ProvideCleanWater[B]DigOilWells[C]SaveCleanWater[D]Don’tLitter[E]Don’tBeCrude[F]ProtectWildlifeJoyingplacedthebucketsatallpublic-accessareasto________________.PeoplearegratefultoCarterDunhamforhiseffortsto________________.Disposedoilandmanyotheritemscanbereusedto________________.Ryan,withthehelpofothers,isfulfillinghisdreamofhelpAfricanpeopleto_________.[A]makenewmaterials[B]preservewetlandandanimals[C]havecleanair[D]havecleanwater[E]collectcigarettebutts[F]collectdisposedoil四、閱讀理解(共15題，共45.0分)下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道題，每題背面有4個(gè)選項(xiàng)。請(qǐng)仔細(xì)閱讀短文并根據(jù)短文回答其背面旳問題，從4個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選擇1個(gè)最佳答案涂在答題卡對(duì)應(yīng)旳位置上。ResearchersDiscoverWhyHumansBeganWalkingUprightMostofuswalkandcarryitemsinourhandseveryday.Theseareseeminglysimpleactivitiesthatthemajorityofusdon’tquestion.Butaninternationalteamofresearchers,includingDr.RichmondfromGW’sColumbianCollegeofArtsandSciences,havediscoveredthathumanwalkingupright,mayhaveoriginatedmillionsofyearsagoasanadaptationtocarryingscarce,high-qualityresources.TheteamofresearchersfromtheU.S.,England,JapanandPortugalinvestigatedthebehaviorofmodern-daychimpanzeesastheycompetedforfoodresources,inanefforttounderstandwhatecologicalsettingswouldleadalargeape—onethatresemblesthe6million-yearoldancestorwesharedincommonwithlivingchimpanzees—towalkontwolegs.“Thesechimpanzeesprovideamodeloftheecologicalconditionsunderwhichourearliestancestorsmighthavebegunwalkingontwolegs,”saidDr.Richmond.Theresearchfindingssuggestthatchimpanzeesswitchtomovingontwolimbsinsteadoffourinsituationswheretheyneedtomonopolizearesource.Standingontwolegsallowsthemtocarrymuchmoreatonetimebecauseitfreesuptheirhands.Overtime,intenseburstsofbipedalactivitymayhaveledtoanatomicalchangesthatinturnbecamethesubjectofnaturalselectionwherecompetitionforfoodorotherresourceswasstrong.TwostudieswereconductedbytheteaminGuinea.ThefirststudywasconductedbytheteaminKyotoUniversity's“outdoorlaboratory”inanaturalclearinginBossouForest.Researchersallowedthewildchimpanzeesaccesstodifferentcombinationsoftwodifferenttypesofnut—theoilpalmnut,whichisnaturallywidelyavailable,andthecoulanut,whichisnot.Thechimpanzees’behaviorwasmonitoredinthreesituations:(a)whenonlyoilpalmnutswereavailable,(b)whenasmallnumberofcoulanutswereavailable,and(c)whencoulanutswerethemajorityavailableresource.Whentherarecoulanutswereavailableonlyinsmallnumbers,thechimpanzeestransportedmoreatonetime.Similarly,whencoulanutswerethemajorityresource,thechimpanzeesignoredtheoilpalmnutsaltogether.Thechimpanzeesregardedthecoulanutsasamorehighly-prizedresourceandcompetedforthemmoreintensely.Insuchhigh-competitionsettings,thefrequencyofcasesinwhichthechimpanzeesstartedmovingontwolegsincreasedbyafactoroffour.Notonlywasitobviousthatbipedalmovementallowedthemtocarrymoreofthispreciousresource,butalsothattheywereactivelytryingtomoveasmuchastheycouldinonegobyusingeverythingavailable—eventheirmouths.Thesecondstudy,byKimberleyHockingsofOxfordBrookesUniversity,wasa14-monthstudyofBossouchimpanzeescrop-raiding,asituationinwhichtheyhavetocompeteforrareandunpredictableresources.Here,35percentofthechimpanzees’activityinvolvedsomesortofbipedalmovement,andonceagain,thisbehaviorappearedtobelinkedtoaclearattempttocarryasmuchaspossibleatonetime.31WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrueaccordingtothefirsttwoparagraphs?[A]Manypeoplequestionthesimplehumanactivitiesofwalkingandcarryingitems.[B]Chimpanzee’sbehaviorsmaysuggestwhyhumanswalkontwolegs.[C]Humanwalkinguprightisviewedasanadaptationtocarryingpreciousresources.[D]Ourancestors’ecologicalconditionsresembledthoseofmodern-daychimpanzees’.Dr.Richmondconductedtheexperimentwiththepurposeoffinding[A]whenhumansbeganwalkingontwolegs.[B]whatmadeourancestorswalkupright?[C]whatbenefitswalkinguprightbroughttoourancestors.[D]howwalkinguprighthelpedchimpanzeesmonopolizeresources.KyotoUniversity’sstudydiscoveredthatchimpanzees[A]regardedbothtypesofnutaspricedresources.[B]preferredoilpalmnutstocoulanuts.[C]likedcoulanutsbetterthanoilpalmnuts.[D]ignoredbothtypesofnutaltogether.WhydidthechimpanzeeswalkontwolimbsduringKyotoUniversity'sexperiment?[A]Becausetheyimitatedthehumanwayofwalkingjustforfun.[B]Becausetheywantedtopleasetheresearcherstogetmorecoulanutsfromthem.[C]Becausetheywantedtogettothenut-richforestfasterbywalkingthatway.[D]Becausetheywantedtocarrymorenutswithtwofreelimbs.Whatcanweinferfromthereadingpassage?[A]Chimpanzeesareinthesameprocessofevolutionasourancestorswere.[B]Chimpanzeesaresimilartohumansinmanybehaviors.[C]Walkingontwolimbsandwalkingonfourlimbseachhavetheiradvantages.[D]Humanwalkingontwolegsdevelopedasameansofsurvival.PoolWatch

Swimmerscandrowninbusyswimmingpoolswhenlifeguardsfailtonoticethattheyareintrouble.TheRoyalSocietyforthePreventionofAccidentssaysthatonaverage15peopledrowninBritishpoolseachyear,butmanymoresuffermajorinjuryaftergettingintodifficulties.NowaFrenchcompanyhasdevelopedanartificialintelligencesystemcalledPoseidonthatsoundsthealarmwhenitseessomeoneindangerofdrowning.

Whenaswimmersinkstowardsthebottomofthepool,thenewsystemsendsanalarmsignaltoapoolsidemonitoringstationandalifeguard’spaper.IntrialsatapoolinAncenis,nearNantes,itsavedalifewithinjustafewmonths,saysAlistairMeQuade,aspokesmanforitsmaker,PoseidonTechnologies.

Poseidonkeepswatchthroughanetworkofunderwaterandoverheardvideocameras.AIsoftwareanalysestheimagestoworkoutswimmerstrajectories.Todothisreliably,ithastotellthedifferencebetweenaswimmerandtheshadowofsomeonebeingcastontothebottomorsideofthepool.“Theunderwaterenvironmentisaverydynamicone,withmanyshadowsandreflectionsdancingaround.”SaysMcQuade.

Thesoftwaredoesthisby“projecting”ashapeinitsfieldofviewontoanimageofthefarwallofthepool.Itdoesthesamewithanimagefromanothercameraviewingtheshapefromadifferentangle.Ifthetwoprojectionsareinthesameposition,theshapeisidentifiedasashadowandisignored.Butiftheyaredifferent,theshapeisaswimmerandsothesystemfollowsitstrajectory.

Topickoutpotentialdrowningvictims,anyoneinthewaterwhostartstodescendslowlyisaddedtothesoftware’s“pre-alert”list,saysMcQuade.Swimmerswhothenstayimmobileonthepoolbottomfor5secondsormoreareconsideredindangerofdrowning.Poseidondouble-checksthattheimagereallyisofaswimmer,notashadow,byseeingwhetheritobscuresthepool’sfloortexturewhenviewedfromoverhead.Ifso,italertsthelifeguard,showingtheswimmer’slocationonapoolsidescreen.

Thefirstfull-scalePoseidonsystemwillbeofficiallyopenednextweekatapoolinHighWycombe.Buckinghamshire.OnemanwhoisimpressedwiththeideaisTravorBaylis,inventoroftheclockworkradio.Baylisrunsacompanythatinstallsswimmingpools-andhewasonceanunderwaterescapologistwithacircus.“Isayfullmarkstothemifthisworksandcansavelives,”hesays.Butheaddsthatanylocalauthorityspending￡30,000-plusonaPoseidonsystemoughttobeinvestingsimilaramountsinteachingchildrentoswim.36AImeansthesameas_________.[A]animage[B]anidea[C]anyoneinthewater[D]artificialintelligenceWhatisrequiredofAIsoftwaretosavealife?[A]Itmustbeabletoswim.[B]Itmustkeepwalkingroundthepool.[C]Itcandistinguishbetweenaswimmerandashadow.[D]Itcansavealifewithinafewmonths.HowdoesPoseidonsavealife?[A]Heplungesintothepool.[B]Italertsthelifeguard.[C]Hecriesforhelp.[D]Itrushestothepool.WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutTrevorbaylisisNOTtrue?[A]Heruns.[B]Heinventedtheclockworkradio.[C]Hewasonceanentertainer.[D]Herunsacompany.Theword“considered”inparagraph5couldbebestreplacedby_________.[A]“thought”[B]“rated”[C]“regarded”[D]“believed”Computers

Theinitialimpactofcomputerswasintheareaofentertainment.Ifyouwalkedbyavideoarcadeintheearly1980s,youcouldnothavefailedtonoticethattheuseofvideogameswasgrowingatwhatsomeconsideredanalarmingrate.In1981themovieindustrygrossed$3billion,videogamestookinanestimated$6billion.Thatgivesyousomeideaofjusthowbigthecomputerindustryhadbecome.Videogamesemploythesametechnologyaspersonalcomputers,andindeedmanywhoboughtpersonalcomputersdidsoprimarilyforplayinggamesathome,thussavingtheirquarters.Thoughvideogamesarenotaspopularastheywereafewyearsago,theydidprovideconsumerwiththeirfirstrealreasontobuyPCs.

Amorerecentcomputerinnovation,desktoppublishing,suppliesonegoodreasonforthosewhowriteforalivingtobuyaPC.Desktoppublishingisadeceptivelysimpledescriptionforanextremelycomplexgroupofhardwareandsoftwaretools.Youcannowwritetext,edittext,drawillustrations,incorporatephotographs,designpagelayouts,andprintafinisheddocumentwitharelativelyinexpensivecomputerandlaserprinter.Althoughthenewtechnologyoffersnewfreedom,thereisapricetobepaidforthisfreedom.Withtotalcontrolcomestotalresponsibility.Infact,theissueofsocialresponsibilityinournewcomputeragehaslongbeenatopicofdebateamongcomputerenthusiasts.Somepeopleareconcernedwiththelong-termsocialeffectsoftheso-calledcomputerrevolution.Ironically,manyPCpioneerswhobuiltandmarketedthefirstmachineswere60s-styleadvocatesofsocialchange.Theyclaimthatwhilepersonalcomputertechnologyhasthepotentialtomakesocietymoreequal,it’shavingtheoppositeeffectsinceupper-middle-classpeoplecanaffordthemandlowerclasspeoplecannot.

Inaddition,thewaysthatcomputersareusedtomonitortheactivitiesoftheirusershaveevokedanxietyaboutthemachine.Over7millionAmericansnowhavetheirworkpaced,controlled,andmonitoredbycomputers.Acomputerismorerestrictiveandpowerfulinthewayitcontrolspeoplethantheold-fashionedassemblyline.Thiscanleadtowhatsomehavecalled“tech-stress”.Irritatedeyes,backproblems,andotherphysicalsymptomshavealsobeenassociatedwiththeextensiveuseofcomputers.Althoughthepersonalcomputermaynothavehadtheimpactsomepredictedadecadeage,thecombinationofcomputertechnologywithsatellitesandcabledoespromiseinnovationsinthemassmediathatwouldhaveseemedastonishingjustafewshortyearsago.41Thedramaticgrowthofthebusinessdealinginvideogamesistheresultof_________.[A]thedevelopmentofcomputerindustry[B]thedevelopmentofwirelesstechnology[C]thedeclineinmovieindustry[D]thedepressionintheentertainmentbusinessTheconsumers’firstmotivationinbuyingpersonalcomputeristo_______.[A]playvideogames[B]makewritingeasierforthemselves[C]facilitatetheirentranceintothestockmarket[D]transmitprintedinformationWhat’stheadvantagethatdesktoppublishingbringspeople?[A]Itmakeshomebankingareality.[B]Itprovidesamethodforproducingprofessional-lookingdocuments.[C]Itmakesitpossibleforpeopletoreceivenewspaperelectronically.[D]Itmakesitpossibleforpeopletobringofficeworktohome.Inthelongrun,thesocialeffectofcomputersisthat_________.[A]itcontrolspeople’slife[B]itbringsaboutamoreequalsociety[C]itmightlengthenthedistancebetweenupper-middle-classpeopleandlower-classpeople[D]itleadstoaprofoundchangeinthemassmediaAccordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingistrue?[A]Computermaycausehealthproblemsforitsusers.[B]Computerhasledtoarevolutionineveryaspectofpeople’slife.[C]Computerisfinanciallywithinthereachformostconsumers.[D]Theinfluenceofcomputerhasonpeople’slifeisnotasgreataspeoplehavepredicted.五、補(bǔ)全短文(共5題，共10.0分)閱讀下面旳短文，文章中有5處空白，文章背面有6組文字，請(qǐng)根據(jù)文章旳內(nèi)容選擇5組文字，將其分別放回文章原有位置，以恢復(fù)文章原貌。請(qǐng)將答案涂在答題卡對(duì)應(yīng)旳位置上。TheImportanceofAgricultureinChinaThedevelopmentofagricultureandthebalancebetweenfoodandpopulationareChina’sfundamentaleconomicproblems.TheclassicalhistoriespraiseemperorsfordevotiontoagricultureandmuchofChina’smodernhistoryis(46),whichhasbeengrowingsteadily.

Today,althoughagricultureaccountsforonlyaquarteroftheGrossNationalProduct,itisstillthemaindeterminantofthestandardoflivingandtheprincipaloccupationofatleast70percentofthepopulation.

Agriculturealso(47)becauseindustryneedsbothagriculturalrawmaterialsandfoodforitsworkforce.Thefailureofagriculturetosupplyrawmaterialsandfoodhaltedandlaterreversedtheindustrialprogressofthe1950’s.After1960newemphasiswasplacedonagriculture,andtheslogan“Agricultureisthefoundationoftheeconomy”hasremainedacentralChineseeconomicpolicyeversince.

(48),thereisanindirectlinkduetotherelationshipbetweenagricultureandforeigntrade.ManyofChina’sexportsare(49)orconsumergoodsbasedonthem.Flourishingagriculture,therefore,promotesexports.Italsoreducestheneedtospendforeignexchangeonimportsofgrainandcotton,therefore(50).46[A]determinestheprogressofindustry[B]thestoryoftheunfoldingstruggletofeedapeasantpopulation[C]eitheragriculturalrawmaterials[D]enlargingthecapacityoftheeconomytoimportmachineryandcommoditiesforindustry[E]Inadditiontothedirectlinksbetweenagricultureandindustry[F]thu