咸海的消失英語PPT

TheAralSeaTheAralSeaLocationEarlyDaysShrinkageCauseEffectSolutionOutlineLocation TheAralSeaisasalinebasininCentralAsiaanditliesbetweenKazakhstaninthenorthandUzbekistaninthesouth. Thenameroughlytranslatesas"SeaofIslands",referringtomorethan1,500islandsthatoncedotteditswaters.EarlyDays

Onceamongthefourlargestlakesoftheworldwithanareaof68,000squarekilometers,TheAralSeawasespeciallyprosperousinitsfishingindustry.Shrinkage TheAralSeahasbeensteadilyshrinkingsincethe1960saftertheriversthatfeditweredivertedbySovietUnionirrigationprojects. By2007ithaddeclinedto10%ofitsoriginalsize,splittingintothreelakes–theNorthAralSeaandtheeasternandwesternbasinsoftheoncefarlargerSouthAralSea. By2009,thesouth-easternlakehaddisappearedandthesouthwesternlakeretreatedtoathinstripattheextremewestoftheformersouthernsea.ThemaximumdepthoftheNorthAralSeais42meters.Cause

1918,theSovietgovernmentdecidedthatthetworiversthatfedtheAralSea,theAmuDaryainthesouthandtheSyrDaryainthenortheast,wouldbedivertedtoirrigatethedesert,inordertoattempttogrowrice,melons,cereals,andcotton.Lenin(列寧)saidthat"Irrigationwilldomorethananythingelsetorevivetheareaandregenerateit,burythepastandmakethetransitiontosocialismmorecertain“.

ThiswaspartoftheSovietplanforcotton,or"whitegold",tobecomeamajorexport.Thisdideventuallyendupbecomingthecase,andtodayUzbekistanisoneoftheworld'slargestexportersofcotton.

Actually,thedisappearanceofthelakewasnosurprisetotheSovietsandtheyexpectedittohappenlongbefore.Asearlyasin1964,AleksandrAsarinattheHydroprojectInstitute(水利工程學院)pointedoutthatthelakewasdoomedexplaining,“Itwaspartofthefive-yearplans,approvedbythecouncilofministersandthePolitburo（政治局）.Nobodyonalowerlevelwoulddaretosayawordcontradictingthoseplans,evenifitwasthefateoftheAralSea."Effect

TheecosystemoftheAralSeaandtheriverdeltasfeedingintoithasbeennearlydestroyed,notleastbecauseofthemuchhighersalinity.Therecedingseahaslefthugeplainscoveredwithsaltandtoxicchemicals–theresultsofweaponstesting,industrialprojects,pesticidesandfertilizerrunoff–whicharepickedupandcarriedawaybythewindastoxicdustandspreadtothesurroundingarea.ThelandaroundtheAralSeaisheavilypolluted.

environment

thepeoplelivingintheareaaresufferingfromalackoffreshwaterandhealthproblems,includinghighratesofcertainformsofcancerandlungdiseases.Respiratory(呼吸的)illnessesincludingtuberculosis(肺結(jié)核)andcancer,digestivedisorders,anaemia（貧血）,andinfectiousdiseasesarecommonailmentsintheregion.Liver,kidneyandeyeproblemscanalsobeattributedtothetoxicduststorms.Healthconcernsassociatedwiththeregionareacauseforanunusuallyhighfatalityrateamongstvulnerablepartsofthepopulation.

publichealth Andthepeoplelivingintheareaaresufferingfromalackoffreshwaterandhealthproblems,includinghighratesofcertainformsofcancerandlungdiseases.Respiratory(呼吸的)illnessesincludingtuberculosis(肺結(jié)核)andcancer,digestivedisorders,anaemia（貧血）,andinfectiousdiseasesarecommonailmentsintheregion.Liver,kidneyandeyeproblemscanalsobeattributedtothetoxicduststorms.Healthconcernsassociatedwiththeregionareacauseforanunusuallyhighfatalityrateamongstvulnerablepartsofthepopulation.

TheAralSeafishingindustry,whichinitsheydayhademployedsome40,000andreportedlyproducedone-sixthoftheSovietUnion'sentirefishcatch,hasbeendecimated,andformerfishingtownsalongtheoriginalshoreshavebecomeshipgraveyards.ThetownofMoynaqinUzbekistanhadathrivingharborandfishingindustrythatemployedapproximately30,000people;nowitliesmilesfromtheshore.Fishingboatsliescatteredonthedrylandthatwasoncecoveredbywatermanyhavebeentherefor20years.TheonlysignificantfishingcompanyleftintheareahasitsfishshippedfromtheBalticSea,thousandsofkilometersaway.

economySolutionImprovingthequalityofirrigationcanals;Installingdesal