過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)+獨(dú)立主格+with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)

GrammarPastparticiple1.Ilikereadingthenovels_______(write)byZhangAiling.2.Thegirl________(write)aletterinthestudyismycousin.3.ThereissomethingwrongwithmycarandIhavetogetit_______(repair).4.Hespokeloudlyinordertomakehimself_________(hear),buthestillcouldn’tmakeus_______him.5.Ifoundthelittlegirl_________(cry)atthecorner.writtenwritingrepairedheardcryinghear6.Iwantthedoorsofmynewhouse_________(paint)white.7.Therewasa_________(surprise)lookonhisface

whenhemeetthe_____(confuse)problem.8.Hewas_________atthe_________news.(excite)9.Thestorywasso________(move)thathewas_______(move)totears.paintedsurprisedexcitedmovingmovedexcitingconfusingThestolenbikebelongstoJack.Theglassisbroken.Maryheardhernamecalledbyastranger.1.作定語(yǔ)2.作表語(yǔ)4.作狀語(yǔ)3.作賓補(bǔ)過(guò)去分詞

Grammar

過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)1.Whenourfutureschoolisseen

fromthedistance,ourfutureschoollookslikeatower.

ourfutureschoolCombinethetwosentencesWhenitisseenfromthehill,theparklooksverybeautiful.Seenfromthehill，時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)可在過(guò)去分詞前加上連詞when,while,until等。Don’tspeak

untilyouarespokento.untilspokento.1.時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)2.BecauseShe

issurprisedattheschoolbag,sheturnsherheadbacktofindoutwhathappens.Surprised

attheschoolbag,sheturnsherheadbacktofindoutwhathappens.

Ourfutureschoolbag2.原因狀語(yǔ)Becausetheboywasgreatlytouchedbyhisteacher’swords,hedidalotofthingstohelphisclassmates.Greatlytouchedbytheteacher’swords…Becausehewassurprisedatwhathappened,Tomdidn’tknowwhattodo.Surprisedatwhathappened…3.IfIamgivenatimemachine,Iwillpayavisittothefuture.Givenatimemachine,Iwillpayavisittothefuture.

atimemachine3.條件狀語(yǔ)Ifweweregivenmoretime,

wecoulddoitmuchbetter.Givenmoretime…Ifitisheatedtoahightemperature,waterwillchangeintovapor.Heatedtoahightemperature…4.讓步狀語(yǔ)Thoughtheyhadbeenwarnedofthestorm,

thefarmerswerestillworkinginthefields.Thoughwarnedofthestorm…Thoughhavingbeenwarnedofthestorm…EvenifI’minvited,Iwon’ttakepartintheparty.Evenifinvited…5.方式、伴隨狀語(yǔ)Theteacherenteredtheclassroom,

andhewasfollowedbyagroupofstudents.Theteacherenteredtheclassroom,followedbyagroupofstudents.Theteacherstoodthereand

wassurroundedbythestudents.Theteacherstoodthere,surroundedbythestudents.過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)表示_____的和/或______的動(dòng)作,相當(dāng)一個(gè)狀語(yǔ)從句。過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)其邏輯主語(yǔ)為主句的主語(yǔ)，此時(shí)應(yīng)注意語(yǔ)態(tài)要一致。過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)

被動(dòng)完成summary過(guò)去分詞在句子中可以作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)、原因狀語(yǔ)、伴隨狀語(yǔ)、條件狀語(yǔ)和讓步狀語(yǔ)等。_______fromupside,itlookslikealilywhichisinfullbloom(盛開）inthesea.如果句子的主語(yǔ)和分詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)是主動(dòng)關(guān)系,用_______，句子的主語(yǔ)和分詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，用_________?，F(xiàn)在分詞過(guò)去分詞易混辨析Seeingfromupside,youwillfindalilywhichisinfullbloom(盛開）inthesea.Seen

能力提升1Discussedmanytimes,

theproblemsweresettledatlast.Havingbeendiscussedmanytimes,theproblemsweresettledatlast.過(guò)去分詞和現(xiàn)在分詞的被動(dòng)沒(méi)太大區(qū)別，強(qiáng)調(diào)分詞動(dòng)作明顯先于謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作則用現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式。______indeepthought,hedidn’thearthesound.(lose)______inred,shelookspretty.(dress)______ofthesamefood,hewantstotrysomethingdifferent.(tire)【注意】有些過(guò)去分詞來(lái)源于系表結(jié)構(gòu)，它們往往表主動(dòng)。常見的有：lost（迷路）；seated（坐）；lost/absorbedin（沉溺于）；born（出身于）；dressedin（穿著）；tiredof（厭煩）;devotedto,buriedin。LostDressedTired能力提升2過(guò)去分詞做狀語(yǔ)注意事項(xiàng)：被動(dòng)形式表主動(dòng)意義的詞需要特別注意：一類是常見的表人的情感的動(dòng)詞，如excite,surprise,amuse,interest,frighten,satisfy,disappoint,..._______athisson‘sexamresults,thefathersaidnothingbutaskedhimtoworkhardnexttime.Disappointed______sweet,theflowerattractedsomebees.(smell)Smelling能力提升3______fromhisaccent,hemustcomefromsouthernChina.Judged;B.Judging;TojudgeD.Judge(Judgingfrom/by…由…判斷）Provided/providing（that）…假如…Supposing….假設(shè)…Generallyspeaking,Tobehonest,Totellthetruth,2011天津卷______intoEnglish,thesentencewasfoundtohaveanentirelydifferentwordorder.A.TranslatingB.TranslatedC.TotranslateD.Havingtranslated2011上海春招______in1955,DisneylandinCaliforniaisregardedbymanyastheoriginalfunpark.A.Opened B.Havingopened C.Opening D.Beingopened2009·天津

bytheadvancesintechnology,manyfarmershavesetupwindfarmsontheirland.A.BeingencouragedB.EncouragingC.EncouragedD.Havingencouraged2009·福建

nottomisstheflightat15∶20,themanagersetoutfortheairportinahurry.A.Reminding B.RemindedC.ToremindD.Havingreminded過(guò)去分詞做狀語(yǔ)特別注意事項(xiàng)：獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。分詞做狀語(yǔ)，一般它的邏輯主語(yǔ)是整個(gè)句子的主語(yǔ)，但有時(shí)它也可以有自己的獨(dú)立的邏輯主語(yǔ)，其實(shí)就是在分詞前面有名詞出現(xiàn)，這種情況叫獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。獨(dú)立主格多數(shù)表伴隨。（with結(jié)構(gòu)是典型的獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)）WhenIwascleaningthewindow,myfingerwascutbytheglass.Icleaningthewindow,myfingerwascutbytheglass.WhenIwascleaningthewindow,Isawaplaneflyby.Thegirlstoodthere,herhair____intheair.

flyThethiefwastakenintotheprison,withhishands___.tieInthedarkness,shefoundshewasfollowedbyastranger,hiseyes___onherwallet.

fixTheirhomework____,theboyswentouttoplay.

finishflyingtiedfixingfinished獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)和

with/without復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)一．獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)1.概念:獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)（AbsoluteStructure）是由名詞或代詞加上分詞等構(gòu)成的一種獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)，用于修飾整個(gè)句子。它有以下三個(gè)特點(diǎn)：1）獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的邏輯主語(yǔ)與句子的主語(yǔ)不同，它獨(dú)立存在。2）名詞或代詞與后面的形容詞、副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、分詞、不定式等存在邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系。3）獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)一般用逗號(hào)與主句分開，但與主句之間不能使用任何連接詞。2.結(jié)構(gòu):名詞(代詞)+現(xiàn)在分詞、過(guò)去分詞；

名詞(代詞)+形容詞；

名詞(代詞)+副詞；

名詞(代詞)+不定式；

名詞(代詞)+介詞短語(yǔ)構(gòu)成。3.作用：獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)主要用于描繪性文字中，其作用相當(dāng)于一個(gè)狀語(yǔ)從句，常用來(lái)表示時(shí)間、原因、條件、行為方式或伴隨情況等

。1．名詞或代詞＋現(xiàn)在分詞

現(xiàn)在分詞表示前面的名詞或代詞

主動(dòng)進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。

Themanlaythere,hishands

trembling.

那個(gè)男子躺在那兒，雙手在顫抖。注意：有時(shí)，現(xiàn)在分詞being或havingbeen在獨(dú)立

主格結(jié)構(gòu)中可以省略。但在“being+過(guò)去分詞”，“therebeing＋過(guò)去分詞”結(jié)構(gòu)中，及代詞做主語(yǔ)

being不可省。

Theweather

(being)

fine,wedecidedtogoswimming.天氣晴朗，我們決定去游泳。

Therebeingnocauseforalarm,shewentbacktoherroom.

Theroom

beingpaintednow,wecan'tgothere.

2．名詞或代詞＋過(guò)去分詞過(guò)去分詞表示前面的名詞或代詞被動(dòng)完成的動(dòng)作。

Allthings

considered,herpaperisofgreatervaluethanyours.各方面考慮起來(lái)，她的論文比你的論文更要有價(jià)值一些。3．名詞或代詞＋不定式（短語(yǔ)）

不定式表示將來(lái)的動(dòng)作。

Hesuggestedgoingforapicnic,Mary

toprovide

thefood.

他建議去野餐，由瑪麗負(fù)責(zé)提供食物。

Timeispressing,twohours

togoonly.

時(shí)間緊迫，只剩兩個(gè)小時(shí)了。4．名詞或代詞＋形容詞（短語(yǔ)）

形容詞（短語(yǔ)）說(shuō)明前面名詞或代詞的性質(zhì)或狀態(tài)。

Thefloor

wet,wehadtostayoutsideforawhile.

地面很濕，我們只好在外面呆一會(huì)兒。Hismother(being)ill,hehadtostayathometolookafterher.5．名詞或代詞＋副詞

副詞也多是說(shuō)明前面名詞或代詞的狀態(tài)。

Themeetingover,weallwenthome.

會(huì)議結(jié)束了，我們都回家了。

7．名詞或代詞＋介詞短語(yǔ)

Theteachercamein,abook

inhishand.

老師進(jìn)來(lái)了，手里拿著一本書。注意：有時(shí)，獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)中名詞前面的定語(yǔ)可以省略。Theboylaysilentlyonthegrass,(his)eyesclosed.Agirlwaswalkinginthestreet,(a)flower

in(her)hand.二．With和without復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)

with和without復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)是:

with/without＋名詞／代詞＋分詞／不定式／形容詞／副詞／介詞短語(yǔ)。在句子中可以作狀語(yǔ)或定語(yǔ)。（Ⅰ）with/without＋名詞／代詞＋現(xiàn)在分詞。用現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動(dòng)、正在進(jìn)行或發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。

Icouldn'tfinishmyworkwiththosechildren__.A.playingaroundB.playsaroundC.playedaroundD.toplayaround(Ⅱ)with/without名詞／代詞+過(guò)去分詞。用過(guò)去分詞表示被動(dòng)或已完成的動(dòng)作。Inthereadingroom,wefoundherseatedatadesk,withherattention__onabook.A.fixingB.fixesC.fixedD.tofix

(Ⅲ)with/without＋名詞／代詞＋不定式。用不定式表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。Withalotofdifficultproblems__,thenewly-electedpresidentishavingahardtime.A.settledB.settlingC.tosettleD.beingsettled(Ⅳ)with/without＋名詞／代詞＋形容詞。Shesleepswiththewindowopen.(Ⅴ)with/without+名詞／代詞＋副詞。__productionupby60%,thecompanyhashadanotherexcellentyear.A.AsB.ForC.WithD.Through(Ⅵ)with/without+名詞／代詞＋介詞短語(yǔ)。

1.Hesleepswithabookinhishand.2.Agirlwithanecklacearoundherneckgotonthebus.三．with和without復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)

與獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的轉(zhuǎn)化（Ⅰ）with和without復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)與獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)在句中作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，一般可相互轉(zhuǎn)換；此外還可變?yōu)闋钫Z(yǔ)從句或并列句。（１）作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)

Withwintercomingon,thetreesturnyellowandsomebirdsflysouth.=Wintercomingon,thetreesturnyellowandsomebirdsflysouth.

=Whenwintercomeson,thetreesturnyellowandsomebirdsflysouth.

（２）作原因狀語(yǔ)

Withthekeylost,shecouldnotentertheroom.

=Thekeylost,shecouldnotentertheroom.

=As/Becausethekeyhadbeenlost,shecouldnotentertheroom.(3)作條件狀語(yǔ)

Withtimepermitting,we'llvisittheSummerPalace.

=Timepermitting,we'llvisittheSummerPalace.

=Iftimepermits,we'llvisittheSummerPalace.(4)作伴隨狀語(yǔ)

Herearethefirstthreevolumeswiththefourthonetocomeoutnextmonth.

=Herearethefirstthreevolumes,thefourthonetocomeoutnextmonth.=Herearethefirstthreevolumesandthefourthoneiscomingoutnextmonth.

(Ⅱ)with和without復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)可以作后置定語(yǔ)修飾名詞。

Soonshearrivedataparkwithgrassgreenandflowersinblossom.=Soonshearrivedataparkwhosegrasswasgreenandwhoseflowerswereinblossom.1.______nobus,wehadtowalkhome.

A.TherewasB.TherebeingC.BecausetherebeingD.Therewere2._____,weallwenthomehappily.

GoodbyewassaidB.GoodbyehadbeensaidC.GoodbyesaidD.Whengoodbyesaid

3____,thehunterwentintotheforest.

A.AgunonshoulderB.Agunwasonhisshoulder

C.Gunonshoulder

D.Agunbeingonshoulder

鞏固練習(xí)4.Itwasapitythatthegreatwriterdied__hisworkunfinished.A.forB.withC.fromD.of5.Theweather__sobad,wehadtoputoffthefootballmatch.A.wasB.isC.wereD.being6.__,therunnersracedontothefinishingline.A.StickinhandB.WithastickinhishandC.SticksinhandD.Sticksinhands7.Theboylayontheground,hiseyes__andhishands__.A.beingclosed;tremblingB.closed;tremblingC.closed;trembledD.closing;trembled

8.__,theworkcanbedonemuchbetter.A.GivenmoretimeB.WehadbeengivenmoretimeC.MoretimegivenD.Ifmoretimehadgiven9.Weather__,thesportsmeetwillbeheldasscheduled.A.permitsB.willpermitC.topermitD.permitting10.__arainyday,hedidn'tgooutforawalkasusual.A.ItwasB.ItisC.ItbeingD.Havingbeen非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是高中語(yǔ)法的重點(diǎn)，也是難點(diǎn)，咱們常常對(duì)此感到頭疼。其實(shí)只要理解并掌握非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞各種形式的特點(diǎn)，做起題來(lái)會(huì)很輕松。熟悉知道了非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式后，做題時(shí)可分四步分析。

一、分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)

1.________manytimes,buthestillcouldn'tunderstandit.

2.___manytimes,hestillcouldn'tunderstandit.A.HavingbeentoldB.Told

C.HewastoldD.Thoughhetold

3.________totheleft,you'llfindthepostoffice.

4.Ifyou________totheleft,you'llfindthepostoffice.

5.________totheleft,andyou'llfindthepostoffice.A.TurningB.ToturnC.TurnD.TurnedCAACC二、分析邏輯主語(yǔ)

確定要選非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之后，第二步要分析其邏輯主語(yǔ)。非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞雖不能作謂語(yǔ)，但仍具有動(dòng)詞特點(diǎn)，其邏輯上的動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者就叫做邏輯主語(yǔ)。非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，其邏輯主語(yǔ)須和句子的真正主語(yǔ)一致。若不一致，則須加上自己的邏輯主語(yǔ)。

1.________nobuses,wehavetowalkhome.2.______Sunday,Ishallhaveaquietdayathome.A.TherebeingB.ItwereC.TherewereD.Itbeing

AD三、分析語(yǔ)態(tài)

分析語(yǔ)態(tài)就是在確定邏輯主語(yǔ)之后，分析非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞和邏輯主語(yǔ)在搭配使用時(shí)是主動(dòng)還是被動(dòng)關(guān)系。

1.Thedirtyclothes______,thegirlhungthemupoutside.

2._____thedirtyclothes,thegirlhungthemupoutside.A.waswashedB.washedC.werewashedD.havingwashedBD看看獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)和其他句式的結(jié)合Hehadalotoffriends,onlyafewof_________invitedtohiswedding.

A.whom

B.them

C.which

D.who

【陷阱】容易誤選A，認(rèn)為這是非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。

【分析】最佳答案是B，這不是非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，而是一個(gè)獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，因?yàn)榭崭窈蟮膭?dòng)詞invited并不是一個(gè)完整的謂語(yǔ)，而是一個(gè)過(guò)去分詞。當(dāng)然，假若在invited前加上助動(dòng)詞were，則是一