大學英語四級寫作指導

大學英語四級寫作主要內容大綱要求和評分標準閱卷老師眼中的高分要素真題及命題趨勢分析寫作題型及思路寫作常用過渡詞亮點句型寫作要點臨考應試技巧大綱要求考試目的：測試學生用英語書面表達思想的一般能力寫作要求：內容完整、條理清楚、文章通順、無重大語言錯誤考試內容：包括日常生活、科技、社會、文化等方面的一搬知識

對學生的總體要求：不僅要掌握一定的詞匯量和語法知識，還要具備有較好的遣詞造句、段落擴展、布局謀篇的綜合語言表達能力，還要有全面、豐富的文化素養(yǎng)分值安排自2005年6月考試起，四級新題型報道的總分數為710分，各單項分之和等于總分。（220分）四級考試作文部分（占總分的15%）單項成績的計分滿分為106分。（0分）字數要求為不低于120字。（110~119扣1分；100~109扣2分）（注：題目中給出的主題句，起始句，結束句均不得計入所寫字數）（150~200）（3段1：2：1）評分標準滿分為15分。(2、5、8、11、14)采用總體評分（globalscoring）方法。

標準句式用詞字數總體評價14大量復合句較少簡單句準確且很多非常用詞匯超過150字十全十美，花團錦簇11一些復合句較多簡單句比較準確且有一些非常用詞匯多數超過150字清清楚楚，稍有不足8個別復合句大量簡單句一些殘缺句不十分準確較少非常用詞匯多數在100至130之間馬馬虎虎，對付對付5基本全部簡單句，大量殘缺句不準確或基本詞匯多數少于100字云山霧罩，稀里糊涂2基本句句支離破碎最基本詞匯且許多拼寫錯誤多數少于80字亂七八糟，慘不忍睹字數不夠酌情扣分（110~119扣1分；100~109扣2分）閱卷老師眼中的高分要素中心明確，內容切題結構嚴謹，思路清晰詳略得當，銜接自然語言地道，句式豐富立意新穎，亮點紛呈篇幅適中，書寫認真閱卷人心理分析重速度更重相關系數注重文字功底尋找評分線索四級作文真題分析2011年12月“you'reallowed30minutestowriteashortessayentitledNothingSucceedsWithoutaStrongWillbycommentingonthehumoroussaying,"Quittingsmokingistheeasiestthingintheworld.I'vedoneithundredsoftime."You'dwriteatleast120wordsbutnomorethan180words."2011-6網絡購物

1、現在網上購物已成為一種時尚

2、網上購物有很多好處，但也有不少問題

3、我的建議

2010年12月：

Directions：Forthispart，youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayentitledHowShouldParentsHelpChildrentoBeIndependent？Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsfolllowingtheoutlinegivenbelow.

1、目前不少父母為孩子包辦一切

2、為了讓孩子獨立，父母應該……

HowShouldParentsHelpChildrentoBeIndependent？四級作文真題分析考試年份考試題目話題素材作文類型2010.6DueAttentionShouldBeGivenToSpelling校園生活現象解釋型2009.12CreatingaGreenCampus校園生活問題解決型2009.6FreeAdmissionstoMuseums社會熱點對比選擇型2008.12LimitingtheUseofDisposablePlasticBags社會熱點問題解決型2008.6RecreationalActivities校園生活現象解釋型2007.12WhatElectivestoChoose校園生活現象解釋型2007.6WelcometoOurClub!校園生活應用書信體2006.12SpringFestivalGalaonCCTV社會熱點對比選擇型四級作文真題分析考試年份考試題目話題素材作文類型2006.6VolunteersNeeded校園生活應用書信體2005.12ShouldtheUniversityCompusBeOpentoTourists社會熱點現象解釋型2005.6Teacher'sDay文化教育應用書信體2005.1ACampaignSpeech校園生活應用書信體2004.6ABriefIntroductiontoaTouristAttraction社會生活應用書信體2003.12ALetterinReplytoaFriend社會生活應用書信體2003.9TheDayMyClassmateFellIll(orGotInjured)校園生活記敘文2003.6AnEye-WitnessAccountofaTrafficAccident社會生活記敘文命題趨勢1.出題范圍變廣文化教育校園生活科學技術工作問題社會問題命題的范圍還可能會涉及交通、就業(yè)、婚姻、廣告、環(huán)境、能源、青少年問題及職業(yè)選擇問題等2.從注重實用到個人觀點表達實用：2007.6、2006.6、2005.6、2003.12、2005.1、2004.6、2003.12個人觀點描述：從2007年開始四級作文體裁分類議論文說明文應用文描寫文記敘文寫作要點一、審題二、確定寫作方法三、確保文章條理性四、檢查（一）審題體裁審題就是要審作文的題材和體裁。因為什么樣的體裁就會用什么樣的題材去寫。例如：Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteacompositiononthetopicTryingtoBeAGoodUniversityStudent.Youshouldwriteatleast100wordsandyoushouldbaseyourcompositionontheoutline(giveninChinese)below:1.做合格大學生的必要性2.做合格大學生的必要條件3.我計劃這樣做…第一段要求寫“…必要性”，這說明本段體裁是議論文；第二段要求寫“…必要條件”，這說明本段要求寫說明文；而第三段要求寫“…這樣做”，說明本段要求寫描寫文。所以在大多數情形下，四級作文是幾種題材的雜合體。（二）根據不同體裁確定寫作方法1.我們審題的目的就是根據不同體裁確定不同的方法。通過審題，我們看出四級作文大都是三段式。如上一例子第一段是議論體，第二段是說明體，第三段是描寫體，而各種文體又有不同的寫作方式。2.確定主題句

審完題，第一步就是要寫主題句。主題句是確保不跑題的前提，只有不跑題才有可能得及格分。寫主題句最保險的方法就是把中文提綱的各句譯成英文。例如上述三段的主題句可分別為：1).Itisverynecessarytobeagooduniversitystudent.(議論體的主題句)2).Thereareseveralrespectsofnecessitiestobeagooduniversitystudent.(說明體的主題句)3).WhatIwilldointhefutureisthefollowing.(描述體主題句)如果要求句是英語也可以把它變成主題句，例如這樣一篇作文：GoodHealthImportanceofgoodhealthWaystokeepfitMyownpractice

這樣的作文的要求句就可以擴充成主題句。擴充后三段的主題句分別為：Itisveryimportanttohavegoodhealth.(將名詞importance變成形容詞important)Thereare…waystokeepfitforme.(用therebe句型)Myownpracticesarethefollowing.(采用原詞)（三）確保文章條理清楚保證不跑題是寫作當中第一任務，第二個重要任務就是要做到條理清楚。對于議論文來說，正反面要清楚；對于說明文來說，條理要清楚；對于描寫文來說，描寫對象要清楚；對于記敘文來說，時間順序要清楚；對于應用文來說，格式要清楚。就拿上例GoodHealth來說，第一段要保正反面要清楚就應該這樣寫：正面(withgoodhealth,wecan…),反面(withoutgoodhealth,wecandonothing.Wecan'tdo…)為了使文章更具條理性，我們就可以用first(ly),second(ly),third(ly)等副詞，他們可以使文章的條理性更加突出。作文是主觀題，想得高分就必須引起老師的注意。（四）檢查內容是否緊扣主題，涵蓋提示要點作文結構層次是否清晰語言表達是否流暢，有無重大語病，有無邏輯錯誤是否能恰當的使用過渡性詞語作文字數是否達到要求卷面是否整潔，書寫是否漂亮臨考應試技巧多積累一些通用句型及亮點句型熟悉每一種題型的寫作思路，盡量把每一類的作文練習一遍瀏覽以前寫過的文章，找出自己常犯的錯誤每個人寫作過程中都有些用詞偏好，考前應弄清自己的習慣表達方式并反復練習，并請老師或同學糾正錯誤考前一定要練習在規(guī)定時間內完成作文Writingskills1、常用于開頭的句型2、十句作文法3、范文4、點評

5、作業(yè)6、錯句分析7、練習十句作文法英語十句作文是一種作文模式，它只適用于各類英語考試的寫作。它是根據各類英語考試的作文題型和時間、詞數的要求設計的。具體的說，是按照英語議論文的類型。如分析原因、敘述理由、比較闡述、評論駁斥等，并根據考生半小時的寫作能力而設計的，可見這種十句作文的最大特點是每句各有其具體寫法。一句支持一句，一句緊扣一句，整篇文章雖只有10句，卻結構嚴密，安排合理，層次清晰，語句連貫。

其基本結構如下

第一段S⑴引出主題，也即引出本文要討論的問題，如婦女問題體育問題學生打工問題等S(2)確立論點，也即表明作者對這個問題的基本看如是贊成還是反對等第二段S⑶承上啟下，重復上一句的論點，提綱挈領引出本段要討論的幾個論據S⑷第一論據：引出證明論點的第一個論據，或原因或理由或觀點等S⑸細節(jié)說明：應用具體事例、事實說明第一論據S⑹細節(jié)說明：應用具體事例、事實說明第一論據S⑺第二論據：引出證明論點的第二個論據，或原因或理由或觀點S⑻

細節(jié)說明：應用具體事例、事實說明第二論據S⑼細節(jié)說明：應用具體事例、事實說明第二論據第三段S⑽全文結束：重復或歸納全文論點

exampleNatureandMan1、

隨著人們的大力發(fā)展利用，地球環(huán)境迅速惡化2、

怎樣維持人類生存和保護環(huán)境之間的平衡是一個至關重要的問題3、

我們看待問題要從長遠出發(fā)

Ithaslongbeentaughtinschooltextbookthatmanhastheinitiativeandpowertotransformnaturetoman’sadvantage.Yetrecentlywiththeenvironmentdegeneratingatsurprisingspeed,thefactturnsouttobethatthemoreweexploitnature,themoreweareendangeringourselves.However,wecouldn't’tsitidlywaitingforoursupperofablindhareasthefableteachesus.Hence,howtokeepthebalancebetweenearningourlivingandpreservingtheenvironmentbecomesoffirstimportance.Successfulhandlingoftheproblemisfar-reaching,forfuturegenerationandthefateofearthandhumanbeings.Itisanarduoustask,yetitcanbeaccomplishedifonlywetrynottobeshortsightedandthinktwicebeforeanyhastyandirrationaldecisionsaremade.

Howtosolveenergyproblem1．

有人認為解決能源危機的方法是厲行節(jié)約2．

有人則認為開發(fā)新的能源是最好方法3．

我的看法

⑴Whenaskedaboutoneofthebiggestproblemstoday,manypeoplesaythatanenergycrisisisapproachingandisthreateningmankind’ssurvival.⑵Theyareafraidthattheworldislikelytorunoutofoilandmetalsandtorunshortoffoodinthenearfuture.⑶Tothisproblem,mostcountriesrespondwiththedemandformorerigidconversationofournaturalresources.⑷Indeed,thisisurgentlyneeded,forthepresentwasteofenergyinindustrialandpersonalconsumptionissoseriousthatishasbecomehabitualandtraditional.⑸Ifthenaturalresourcesareusedeconomically,wecancertainlyslowdownthepresentdrainonthelimitedenergysupply.⑹However,conservationaloneisnottheanswer.⑺Itisobviouslythatevenifwecansavemuchenergy,wecanonlydelaytheenergycrisis,butcannotsolvetheproblemcompletely.⑻Howeverabundantcertainnaturalresourcesmaybe,theycannotreproducethemselvesandareboundtobeusedupultimately.⑼Sointhelongrunwemustdevelopnewsourcesofenergyinsteadofmerelyconservingtheknown,limitedsupplies.⑽Manishighlyadaptableandcreative,andsinceheisabletotapsuchresourcesasoilandmetals,whycan’thedevelopandharnesssolarenergy,nuclearenergyandotherunknownenergyresources?

HumanandNatureWiththedevelopmentofhuman’susing,theearth’senvironmentisrapidworsen.Nowadays,theeconomybecomemoreandmoreadvanceandthestandardofhuman’slifeishigher.Butitalsoexitsomeprobleminthis.Forexample,thepollutionifindustry.Thiscontainwasterwater,wastegasandsoon.Itisamajorproblemtohowtokeepthebalancebetweenhuman’slifeandtheevironment’sprotecting.Agoodsurroundingisbeneficialtonotonlyourhealth,butalsothedevelopmentofeconomy.Forinstance,somecompaniesfellthetreesfortheirownprofits.Andwhenfloodcoming,itcanmakealotofdamagewithoutthetrees.Italsothreatentoourlife.Whenwetreatingaquestion,weshouldstandalongrangedirection.Wecanbeconcernedaboutonlywiththeexistingprofit,weshouldthinkoverourfutureanddosomethingforit.Inshort,everyonehasdutytoprotectourevironmentinordertobuildabeautifulhomeourfuture.常用于開頭的句型：A.

Myviewon…⑴People’sviews/ideas/opinionson…varypersontoperson.Somepeoplethinkthat…Ex.1.People’sviewsondonatingbloodvaryfrompersontoperson.Somepeoplethinkthatitisglorioustodonateblood…Ex.2.People’sideasoneducationalreformvaryfrompersontoperson.Somepeoplethinkthattheeducationalreformisveryimportantandnecessary…Ex.3.People’sopinionsonconsumptionvaryfrompersontoperson.Somepeoplethinkthattheyshouldspendmoneymoderatelyandsavemoneyforarainyday…⑵Differentpeoplehavedifferentviewson…Itisheldthat…Ex.4.Differentpeoplehavedifferentviewsonboxing.Itisheldthatboxingshouldbeeliminated.B.

Is…?題型（疑問句題型）⑶Is…?Answerstothisvarygreatly.Somepeoplethinkthat…Ex.5Isfailureabadthing?Answerstothisvarygreatly.Somepeoplethinkthatit’snaturaltomeetfailuresinone’scareer.Ex.6.Canmoneybuyhappiness?Answerstothisvarygreatly.Somepeoplethinkthatmoneyisthesourceofhappiness.⑷Whenaskedabout…,differentpeoplewillofferdifferentopinions.Somepeoplesaythat…Ex.7Whenaskedaboutwhetherluckynumberswillbringgoodluck,differentpeoplewillofferdifferentopinions.Somepeoplesaythatluckynumbersalwaysmeangoodluck…Ex.8WhenaskedaboutwhetheratestofspokenEnglishisnecessary,differentpeoplewillofferdifferentopinions.Somepeoplesaythatit’snecessarytoadoptsuchatest…C.

AdvantagesandDisadvangesof…⑸…playsanimportantpart/rolein…Nowadays,Likeeverythingelse,…h(huán)as/have…ispopulararoundus.bothfavorableandunfavorableaspects.Generally,theadvantagescanbelistedasfollows.Ex.9Nowadays,computersareverypopulararoundus.Likeeverythingelse,computeshavebothfavorableandunfavorableaspects.Generally,theadvantagescanbelistedasfollows.Ex10Nowadays,televisionplaysanimportantpartinpeople’slife.Likeeverythingelse,…D.

Howto…題型⑹．…Manywayscancontributetosolvingthisseriousproblem,butfollowingonesmaybemosteffective.Ex.12Withtheboomingofthemotorindustry,thereareanincreasingnumbersofvehiclesontheroads.Asaresult,trafficjamsoftenoccur.Manywayscancontributetosolvingthisseriousproblem,butthefollowingonesmaybemosteffective.E.

Why…題型⑺…Therearemanyreasons/causesfor…,butingeneral,theycomedowntothreemajorones.Ex.13Forthepasttenyearstrafficjamsinbigcitieshavebeenmoreandmoreserious.Therearemanycausesfortrafficjams,butingeneral,theycomedowntothreemajorones.Ex14.Nowadays,alotofpeoplearetryingtoslim.Theytryallkindsofmeanstogetthinner.Therearemanyreasonsforthisphenomenon,butingeneral,theycomedownto…⑻…Therearemanyfactorsthatmayaccountfor…,butthefollowingarethemosttypicalones.Ex15InrecentyearstheChinesebankhascuttheinterestrateofdepositandloanseventimes.Therearemanyfactorsthatmayaccountfortheinterestratecut,butthefollowingarethemosttypicalones.Ex16.Chinesepeoplearekeenonsaving.Theylayasideasumofmoneyalmosteverymonthoreveryyear.Therearemanyfactorsthatmayaccountforthisphenomenon,butthefollowingarethemosttypicalones.assignmentDirections:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowritealetter.SupposeyouareLiQiang.WritealettertoMr.Lee,themanagerofthePersonnelDepartmentofaculturaldevelopmentcompany,applyingforthevacancyofasub-editoradvertisedintoday’sHandtoHandnewspaper.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsaccordingtothesuggestionsgivenbelowinChinese.1、寫信的目的2、喜歡這份工作的原因3-自己的優(yōu)勢SamplewritingOctober30,2001DearMr.Lee,Inoticedyouradforasub-editorintoday’sHand-to-Handnewspaper.Becausewritingandpublicationworkhavelongbeeninterestsofmine,Iwishtoapplyforthisposition.IlikesuchajobbecauseIlikewritingandenjoyworkingatthedeskverymuch.BackatschoolIhadbeeneditorforsportsofthecampusnewspaperandthesenioreditorforthecampusliterarymagazineuntilgraduation.Suchexperiencestrengthenedmydeterminationtotakewritingasmylifecareer.Myeducationalsoqualifiesmeforthejob.In1998IgainedB.A.degreewithamajorinEnglishandaminorinjournalism.SoIwouldbereadytodealwithbothdomesticandcross-culturalissues.Iamcurrentlyavailableforaninterviewanyweekdayafter3:00PM.Youcanreachmeatmyhomephone,62289614.Lookingforwardtohearingfromyou,andthankyouforyourattention.SincerelyyoursLiQiangDearSir:(1)IwaspleasedtoseeyouradintheXinminEveningNewsonNovember14,1995forasalesengineer.(2)InJulyIwillreceivemyBachelor’s