大三醫(yī)學(xué)英語重點翻譯

1.Thedevices,calleddefibrillators,fireanelectricalshocktojolttheheartbackintoanormalrhythmifitstartstobeatinadisorderedwaythatcancausesuddendeath.(para.2)若心臟跳動失常，則有可能導(dǎo)致猝死。這時，這種叫做心臟除顫器的裝置，能電擊心臟，使之恢復(fù)正常心律。

2.Professionalsocietiessetguidelinesthatspecifywhenthedefibrillatorsshouldbeused,basedonstudiesshowingwhichpatientstheyhelp.(para.5)基于除顫器對哪些患者有幫助的研究，職業(yè)協(xié)會制定操作指南，詳細說明什么時候可以使用除顫器。3.“Ididn’texpecttheratetobethathigh,”saidDr.SanaM.Al-Khatib,anassociateprofessorofmedicineatDukeUniversityandtheleadauthorofthestudy,whichisbeingpublishedWednesdayinTheJournaloftheAmericanMedicalAssociation.(para.7)“沒想到比率會那么高，”杜克大學(xué)醫(yī)學(xué)副教授薩娜·米·哈提卜博士、該項研究的帶頭人說到。這項研究成果將于周三在《美國醫(yī)學(xué)協(xié)會期刊》上發(fā)表。4.Someofthosepatientswilleventuallyneeddefibrillatorsanyway,but30to40percentwillnot,saidDr.AlanKadish,acardiologistwhoispresidentofTouroCollege(basedinNewYork),andwhowroteaneditorialaccompanyingthearticleinthejournal.(para.13)杜魯大學(xué)（位于紐約）校長，心臟病專家艾倫·卡迪什博士認為，不管怎樣，有些患者最終確實需要除顫器，但也有30%到40%的患者并不需要。他為期刊上發(fā)表的該文章寫了篇評論。5.Neitherhospitalpanels,insurancecompaniesor/northegovernmentwantedtobegiventhepowertodecidewhoshouldreceiveadefibrillator.(para.20)兩者都不希望醫(yī)院委員會、保險公司，或是政府獲得這種權(quán)利來決定誰應(yīng)該植入除顫器。醫(yī)院委員會、保險公司，或是政府都不想獲得這種權(quán)利來決定誰應(yīng)該植入除顫器。TheplanforbroaduseofX-raybodyscannerstodetectbombsorweaponsunderairlinepassagersclotheshasrankediedadebateaboutthesafetyofdeliveringsmalldosesofradiationtomillionsofpeople--aprocesssomeexpertssayiscertaintoresultinafewadditionalcancerdeaths.(para.1)為了檢測乘客衣服下是否攜帶有炸彈或武器，廣泛使用X射線掃描儀，這項計劃重新引起了關(guān)于檢測給數(shù)百萬人帶來的小劑量輻射的安全性的討論——有些專家說這項檢測肯定會額外增加一些癌癥死亡病例。Ina2002reportonthesafetyofbackscatterscanners,theNationalCouncilonRadiationProtectionandMeasurements,whichishighlyinfluentialinsettingregulatorystandards,saidit“cannotexcludethepossibilityofafatalcancerattributabletoradiationinaverylargepopulationofpeopleexposedtoverylowdosesofradiation.”(para.9)美國國家輻射防護與測量理事會在制定放射管理標準方面極具影響力，該理事會在2002年關(guān)于反向散射掃描器安全性的報告中指出：“不能排除大量人群暴露在低劑量輻射下（在接觸了低劑量輻射之后）致癌死亡的可能性?！眛hedosesdeliveredbythescannersweretinybyanystandard,andpassengerswouldgetthesamedoseinafewminutesinahigh-altitudejet,wheremostoftheearthsatmosphereisnotavailabletosheildpeoplefromcosmicrays.(para.17)無論按照什么標準來看，掃描儀的輻射量都是很小的，與乘客乘坐高空飛機幾分鐘內(nèi)所受到的輻射是等量的，因為在那樣的高度地球大氣層無法保護人們不受宇宙射線的輻射。

Butratherthanmakinganimagefromwhatpassesthroughthebodyasadoctor’sX-raymachinedose,backscattermachinesmeasurewhatbouncesback,producinganimageofthepassengerwithoutclothing.(para.20)醫(yī)用X光機使射線穿過人體產(chǎn)生圖像，與之不同的是，反向散射機器測量反射量，形成一個乘客沒穿衣服的圖像。

TheX-raysareaformofionizingradiation,thatis,radiationpowerfulenoughtostripmoleculesinthebodyoftheirelectonscreatingchargedparticlesthatcausecelldamageandarethoughttobethemechanismthroughwhichradiationcausescancer.(para.20)X射線是一種電離輻射形式，也就是說，輻射強度足以剝奪人體分子里的電子，產(chǎn)生可以傷害細胞的帶電粒子，并且這被認為是輻射致癌的機制。Para1

Acomputertomography(CT)scangivesdoctorsaviewofthetroublesomearea,butalsosubjectsthepatienttoadoseofpotentiallyhazardousradiation.Sodoctorsfaceadilemma—theycanturntoCT,tosavetineandimpovetheirdiagnosisortheycanerronthesideofcaution,andsparetheirpatienttheradiation.CT掃描讓醫(yī)生可以看到患處，但也給患者帶來潛在的有害輻射。因此醫(yī)生陷入了兩難之境——要么為了節(jié)省時間、提高診斷而采用CT掃描，要么寧可過于謹慎使病人免受輻射危害。Para2AnewstudyhighlightsthebenefitsofCTscans,addingtothegrowingdebatesurroundingthistypeofmedicalimaging.Inthestudy,doctorrecordedtheirdiagnosesofpatientswithabdominalpainbeforeandafteraCTscan.一項凸顯CT診斷優(yōu)勢的新研究讓有關(guān)這類醫(yī)學(xué)成像技術(shù)的爭論愈演愈烈。在這項研究中醫(yī)生記錄了腹痛患者使用CT掃描前后的診斷結(jié)果。RadiationexposureisofspecialconcernforpatientswhoreceivemultipleCTscans.Inaddition,thereisariskthatinproperlyperformedscansmayexposepatientstoradiationoverdoses.Andpatientswithrecurringconditions,suchasrenalstones,conldendupwithhighdosesfromroutinescan.輻射接觸問題備受接受多次CT掃描患者的關(guān)注。此外，掃描操作不當(dāng)會使患者遭受的輻射過量。而且，像患腎結(jié)石之類的復(fù)發(fā)病患者可能受到常規(guī)掃描帶來的大劑量輻射。However，Migliorettinotedthatthescanscanrevealotherfindingsthatturnouttobebenign.Suchfindingsmayleadtofollow-uptestsandtreatmentspatientsdon’tneed.PatientswerenotfollowupovertimetoassesthepotentialharmsofCT,suchasoverdiagnosesorincreatedrediationexposure,Migliorettisaid.然而，米格麗奧藍緹指出CT掃描可以顯示其他良性結(jié)果的發(fā)現(xiàn)。這些發(fā)現(xiàn)可能給患者帶來一些不必要的后續(xù)測試和治療。米格麗奧藍緹還指出，患者卻并未被長期跟蹤，評估其遭受CT的潛在危險，比如過度掃描，即輻射接觸增加。TheresultsofCTscanoftenleaddoctorstochangetheirdiagnosisandmanagementofpatients.However,thebenefitofthesescanneedtobeconsideredagainsttheirrisks.CT掃描結(jié)果常使醫(yī)生更改對病人的診斷結(jié)果及治療方案，但是這種優(yōu)勢還要建立在考慮其風(fēng)險的前提上。1.UniversityofUtah(UofU)medicalresearchershavemadeanimportantstepindiagnosingautismthroughusingMRI,anadvancethateventuallycouldhelphealthcareprovidersidentifytheproblemmuchearlierinchildrenandleadtoimprovedtreatmentandoutcomesforthosewiththedisorder.(para1)猶他大學(xué)的醫(yī)學(xué)研究工作者最近在運用核磁共振診斷自閉癥這一領(lǐng)域取得了重要進展。這一進展最終將會幫助醫(yī)療服務(wù)人員在兒童群體中更早地發(fā)現(xiàn)自閉癥患者，并且改善該病的治療結(jié)果。2.InastudypublishedonOctober15,2010inCerebralCortexonline,researchersledbyneuroradiologistJefferyS.Anderson,M.D.,Ph.D.,UofU

assistantprofessorofradiology,usedMRItoidentifyareaswheretheleftandrighthemispheresofthebrainsofpeoplewithautismdonotproperlycommunicatewithoneanother.(para2)

發(fā)表于2010年10月15日的在線《大腦皮層》的一篇研究論文報道，由猶他大學(xué)放射系助理教授、神經(jīng)放射學(xué)家杰佛遜·S·安德森醫(yī)學(xué)博士、哲學(xué)博士領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的研究小組使用核磁共振技術(shù)發(fā)現(xiàn)：自閉癥患者的左右大腦半球某些區(qū)域并不能恰當(dāng)?shù)叵嗷ソ涣鳌?.Otherthanincreasedbrainsizeinyoungchildrenwithautism,therearenomajorstructuraldifferencesbetweenthebrainsofpeoplewithautismandthosewhodonothavethedisorderthatcanbeusedtodiagnoseautismonaroutinebrain