初中中考語(yǔ)法專題專題二：名詞

1.什么是名詞？名詞

(Noun)GeorgeAlexanderLouisloveMalaysiawater名詞

(Noun)名詞：用來(lái)表人，事物，地點(diǎn)和抽象事物的名稱。什么是名詞？happineshopesport

2.名詞分為幾類呢？專有名詞

GeorgeAlexanderLouisUncleSam普通名詞lovefoodwater一個(gè)蘋果兩個(gè)蘋果oneapple

twoapples

somewaterabottleofwatersuccesssomesuccess普通名詞可分為可數(shù)名詞（countablenoun)和不可數(shù)名詞（uncountablenoun)名詞普通名詞可數(shù)名詞不可數(shù)名詞專有名詞水平層次結(jié)構(gòu)名詞的分類（2009江蘇）Aretheseyour_______?tomato

potatosradioesphotos可數(shù)名詞單復(fù)數(shù)的變化3.可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)怎么變？busboxwatchdishbusesboxeswatchesdishes以s,sh,ch,x結(jié)尾的加es

例外：ch結(jié)尾發(fā)/k/的音，直接加s。如stomach可數(shù)名詞單復(fù)數(shù)的變化babyfamilycountryboymonkeybabiesfamiliescountriesboys輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的變y為i加es;元音字母+y結(jié)尾的直接加smonkeys可數(shù)名詞單復(fù)數(shù)的變化potatotomatopianophotozoopotatoestomatoespianosphotos以o結(jié)尾的,有生命的+es;無(wú)生命的+szoos例外：bamboos，kangaroos等可數(shù)名詞單復(fù)數(shù)的變化wifeknifewolflifethiefwiveskniveswolveslives以f和fe結(jié)尾的,變f或fe為v+esthieves例外：roofs，proofs等可數(shù)名詞單復(fù)數(shù)的變化不規(guī)則變化：國(guó)家人man---men,-ian/can后加-smanspacemanFrenchmanCanadianAmericanmenspacemenFrenchmenCanadiansAmericans可數(shù)名詞單復(fù)數(shù)的變化foottoothsheepdeerChildmousefeetteethsheepdeer可數(shù)名詞單復(fù)數(shù)的變化Childrenmice不規(guī)則變化：oo--ee,其它要常記單數(shù)變復(fù)數(shù)：mouth_____fox________match_____boy________family_____watch_______piano______tomato______monkey_____sheep_______mouse_____German______練一練(2012衡陽(yáng)模擬)--Doyouknowhowmany______ahorsehasandhowmany_____abeehas?

--Ofcourse.Iknow.teeth;feettooth;footfoot;teethteeth;foot練一練A(2011惠州模擬)Howmany______arethereintheinternationalvillage?ChineseRussianAmericanEnglish練一練A(2012陜西)I’mgoingtothesupermarkettobuysome____thisafternoon.paperandpencilapplesandbananamilkandeggsbowlandspoons練一練C(2009茂名)Whenauturmcomes,the____thetreesturnyellow.leafonleavesonleafinleavesin練一練B規(guī)則變化：不規(guī)則變化可數(shù)名詞單復(fù)數(shù)的變化不可數(shù)名詞lovewaterfriendshipmoviestarricesandwoodhappinesshonesty判斷下列名詞可不可數(shù)5.怎么區(qū)分可不可數(shù)呢？friendshipmoviestarricesandwoodhappinesshonesty判斷下列名詞可不可數(shù)可分不可數(shù)，不可分可數(shù)advice建議news新聞help幫助information信息knowledge知識(shí)weather天氣work工作homework家庭作業(yè)housework家務(wù)活fun樂(lè)趣?？疾豢蓴?shù)名詞air空氣

milk牛奶

bread面包

coffee咖啡

juice果汁money金錢music音樂(lè)前無(wú)a/an,后無(wú)s（2009梅州）Nowadayspeoplecangetmuch_____fromTV,newspapersandtheInternet.ideasstoriesphotosinformation練一練（2008成都）MyfriendDavehelpedmealotbygivingme_____onEnglishlearning.advicesmanyadvicesomeadvice練一練（2009梅州）Nowadayspeoplecangetmuch_____fromTV,newspapersandtheInternet.ideasstoriesphotosinformation練一練

(2009河南)Youshoulddomore______.Don’talwayssitatthedeskbusydoingyour______.exercise;exercisesexercises;exerciseexercises;exercisesexercise;exercise

A5.可數(shù)+不可數(shù)即可做可數(shù)名詞又可作不可數(shù)名詞名詞Let'shaveacheck!

(2007寧波)Wouldyoulikesome_______?breadmeatbeeforangefishchicken

(2010廣西模擬)Lotsofthingsaremadeof____?Wemustprotect_______.woods;woodswood;woodwood;woodswoods;wood

C名詞不可數(shù)名詞+s后意思變了work工作works著作wood木頭woods樹林sand沙子sands沙灘good好處goods商品不可數(shù)名詞+s后意思變了

(2010天津)Whilewalkingalongthe_____,hefoundfootprintsonthe_______.sand;sandsands;sandssand;sandssands;sand練一練【2011江西】Thedoctortoldmetoeatmore______becauseit’sgoodformyhealth.A.orangeB.vegetablesC.icecreamD.fish練一練(2007年山西）--CouldIhavesomethingtoeat?---Sure.Here'ssome_______.A.chickenB.tomatoesC.orange練一練(2010中山模擬)Couldyoupleasegivesome_______tothe______teachers?advice;manadvices;mensuggestion;mansuggestions;men練一練Let'shaveareview!Whathavewelearntaboutnoun?名詞：

用來(lái)表人，事物，地點(diǎn)和抽象事物的名稱。什么是名詞？happineshopesport

名詞普通名詞可數(shù)名詞不可數(shù)名詞專有名詞水平層次結(jié)構(gòu)名詞的分類可數(shù)不可分，可分不可數(shù)規(guī)則變化：不規(guī)則變化可數(shù)名詞單復(fù)數(shù)的變化即可做可數(shù)名詞又可作不可數(shù)名詞不可數(shù)名詞-s改變?cè)~義名詞名詞的用法byJessicaTieYoumakemesick!You’reajerk!Ihateyou!You’recrazy!Whosays?Youmakemesomad.You’reanasshole.Youlookguilty.I’llneverforgiveyou!You’resonofbitch!主+謂+賓+賓補(bǔ)主+系+表主+謂+賓主+系+表主+謂主+謂+賓+賓補(bǔ)主+系+表主+系+表主+謂+賓主+系+表Youmakemesick!You’reajerk!Ihateyou!You’recrazy!Whosays?Youmakemesomad.You’reanasshole.Youlookguilty.I’llneverforgiveyou!You’resonofbitch!主+謂+賓+賓補(bǔ)主+系+表主+謂+賓主+系+表主+謂主+謂+賓+賓補(bǔ)主+系+表主+系+表主+謂+賓主+系+表

1、主謂賓（表語(yǔ)）：動(dòng)詞前做主語(yǔ)n+v;動(dòng)詞/介詞后做賓語(yǔ)v+n;be動(dòng)詞后做表語(yǔ)be+n;Alotof_______cometotheConfucianTempleeveryyear.(visit)名詞的用法visitors

1、主謂賓（表語(yǔ)）：動(dòng)詞前做主語(yǔ)n+v;動(dòng)詞/介詞后做賓語(yǔ)v+n;be動(dòng)詞后做表語(yǔ)be+n;Thefirstthingweshoulddoistofindouthowmany__________(wound)thesoldierhasgot.名詞的用法woundsmany2、修飾詞+名詞：

aphone twophonesanoldmobilephone myblackphone……

名詞的用法3、名詞+名詞

名詞的用法twoplasticbottles名詞做定語(yǔ):紙老虎牛魔王孫悟空PapertigersBullDemonKingMonkeyKing一個(gè)紙風(fēng)箏一個(gè)咖啡杯一個(gè)公交車站一位女老師apaperkiteacoffeecupabusstation/stopawomanteacher表示材料、作用、性質(zhì)

anappletreetwoappletrees

amandoctor

two

mendoctors

ashoeshopawomanteacheragirlstudentshoeshopswomenteachersgirlstudents雙名后者變，男女雙雙變

數(shù)詞+名詞+形容詞做定語(yǔ)五歲的小孩a5-year-oldboy兩英寸的字典a2-inch-thick

dictionary（2011廣元）Ourhospitalneedstwo＿＿＿doctors,MrsLi.Youcanaskyoursontohaveatry.A.womenB.manC.menC（2008肇慶）Anewstudyprovesa________walkeverydayisenoughtokeeppeopleawayfrombecomingfat.30-minute30-minute's30-minutesA（2009無(wú)錫）______theteachersintheirschoolisabout200andonefourthofthemare____teachers.A.Anumberof;womenB.Anumberof;woman

C.Thenumberof;womenD.Thenumberof;womanC1、主謂賓（表語(yǔ)）

2、修飾詞+名詞3、名詞+名詞名詞的用法練習(xí)：1.Theheadmastermadeagoodopening_______(speak)atthemeeting.2.Hedoesn'tknowthe_________(different)betweenthesetwowords.3.It'ssaidthattherewereseveral______(die)intheroadaccident.4.Mr.Allanhasmuchmore____________(know)thanI.5.ThomasEdisonWasagreatAmerican_________(invent).6.These_____________(Australia)arefriendly.7.The_________(win)ofthegamewillgetapresent.8.Mikehasgotafine_________(collect)ofChinesestamps.9.Thetelevisionisawonderful___________(invent).10.Alotof________(cycle)fellofftheirbicyclesbecauseofthedeepsnowontheground.speechdifferencedeathsknowledgeinventorAustralianswinnercollectioninventioncyclists（2008肇慶）Anewstudyprovesa________walkeverydayisenoughtokeeppeopleawayfrombecomingfat.30-minute30-minute's30-minutesA名詞所有格這個(gè)男人的名字是PSY。Theman'snameisPSY.'s結(jié)構(gòu)，一般用于有生命1、主謂賓（表語(yǔ)）

2、修飾詞+名詞3、名詞+名詞4.名詞所有格名詞的用法小丸子的圖片Chi-biMaruko'spicture她媽媽的圖片hermother'spicture婦女節(jié)Children'sDay兒童節(jié)Women'sDay女孩們的友誼girls'friendship男孩們的運(yùn)動(dòng)boys'sport(09濟(jì)南）Mary'sskirtisthesameasher_____.A.sisitersB.brotherC.sister's

D.brothersThisyear,________isonMay9th.A.Mymother'sbrithdayB.Mymothers'brithdayC.MymothersbrithdayD.Mymothers'sbrithdayA(2010河北)Idon’tthinklookingafterchildrenisjust_______work.womanwoman’swomenwomen’sDTodayisSeptember10th.It's_______Day.A.TeacherB.Teacher'sC.Teachers'D.Teacher'C小丸子和她姐姐的房間Maruko'sandhersister'shats.小丸子和她姐姐的帽子Marukoandhersister'sroom.兩者共有時(shí)后者加-’s，分別擁有則分別加-’s（08廣東）_____mothersbothworkinthesamehospital.A.TimandPeter’sB.Tim’sandPeterC.Tim’sandPeter’sD.TimandPeterC（07河北）_____roomisbigandbright.Theylikeitverymuch.A.TomandSamB.Tom'sandSamC.TomandSam'sD.Tom'sandSam'sCThisis_____computer.Thetwinbrotherslikeitverymuch.A.MikeandJackB.Mike’sandJack’sC.Mike’sandJackD.MikeandJack’s

DLinTaoisill,sohehastogotothe_______.A.doctorB.doctor'sC.doctors'D.doctor'B去看醫(yī)生gotoseethedoctorgotothedoctor'sat/to+某人/某職業(yè)+’s指在/去某人家/店鋪里（工作場(chǎng)所）tomyuncle'satMrWang'satthebarber’s去我叔叔家在王先生家里在理發(fā)店(2010江門)TomorrowI’mgoingtomy_____.It’sa____________.aunt;fiveminutes’walkaunt’s;fiveminute’swalkaunt;fiveminute’swalkaunt’s;fiveminutes’walkD有些表示時(shí)間、距離、重量、價(jià)格、長(zhǎng)度、國(guó)家等名詞的所有格可以用’s今天的報(bào)紙深圳的街道兩小時(shí)的步行路程Shenzhen'sstreetstoday'snewspapertwohours'walk(2011湛江模擬)--Howsoonshallwestartthebicycletrip?Infiveday’stimeInfivedays’timeInfivedaystimeInfivedaytimeB(2011岳陽(yáng))25.It’s

fromourschooltomyhome.

A.tenminutes’walkB.tenminute’swalkC.tenminuteswalkAof結(jié)構(gòu)表示所有格theVoiceofChinaof+名詞，表示無(wú)生命的所有格小丸子家人的照片aphotoofherfamily____facetothesouth.

A.Thewindowsoftheroom’sB.Thewindowsoftheroom

C.Theroom'swindowsD.ThewindowsinroomBmybestfriend'swedding=theweddingofmybestfriend's雙重所有格結(jié)構(gòu)：of+名詞’sof+名詞性物主代詞我爸爸的一個(gè)朋友愛(ài)迪生的一些發(fā)明他的兩位兄弟afriendofmyfather'stwobrothersofhissomeinventionsofEdison's

apictureofMaruko

apictureofMaruko's猜猜他們的區(qū)別（2008濰坊）MrsBondisanoldfriendof_______.A.JackmotherB.Jackmother'sC.Jack'smotherD.Jack'smother'sD(06濟(jì)南)Shemet_______inthestreetlastweek.A.afriendofhermotherB.afriendofhermother’sC.amother’sfriendD.motheroffriend

BBillyandIaregoodfriends,Ihave_______.Lookatthisone,howsweetheissmiling!A.somepicturesofBilly'B.somepicturesofBilly'sC.someBilly'spicturesD.somepicturesofBilly

DThe_____nowisthatwehavelotsof_____toask.A.problem;questionsB.question;problemsC.question;problemD.problem;questionA名詞辨析question&problem需要回答的問(wèn)題，一般