藥學(xué)英語(yǔ)甘草

甘草GlycyrrhizaeRadixetRhizoma[EnglishName]LiquoriceRootOriginsPlantMorphologyCollectionandPreparationProductionandCommerceDescriptionMicroscopicalCharactersChemicalConstituentsPharmacologyActionIndicationOriginsSinceancienttimesinChina,ithasbeencalledtheNationalVenerableMaster(國(guó)老)becauseithasthemeritofharmonizingandmollifyingdrugsinaprescriptionandeliminatingvarioustoxicities.

ItisthedriedrootandrhizomeofGlycyrrhizauralensisFisch.,GlycyrrhizainflataBat.orGlycyrrhizaglabraL.,familyLeguminosae.harmonize：調(diào)和mollify：緩和PlantMorphologyGlycyrrhizauralensis:……coveredwithwhitepubescences,glandularscarsorglandularhairsthroughout.pubescences:軟毛，絨毛，到達(dá)青春期；

glandular:腺體的

烏拉爾甘草：

本品為多年生草本，高30～100cm，全株被有白色軟毛和腺鱗或腺毛。

根莖圓柱形，主根甚長(zhǎng)，粗壯，外皮紅棕色至深棕色，味甜。Stemerect,branchletswithridges.Leavespinnatelycompound,alternate,leaflets7～17,ovateorbroadlyovate,entire;stipules

deciduous.PlantMorphology托葉每年落葉的pinnately：羽狀的

莖直立，小枝上有背脊。羽狀復(fù)葉互生，小葉7~17枚，卵形或?qū)捖研危?；托葉脫落。蝶形花花萼5裂，花瓣5，花冠多為蝶形雄蕊10個(gè)，9個(gè)花絲連合，一個(gè)分離，呈二體。二體雄蕊racemes:

總狀花序

stamens:

雄蕊calyx:

花萼

ovary：子房corolla:

花冠

style：花柱總狀花序腋生，花密集，花萼鐘狀，5裂；花冠蝶狀，紫紅色或藍(lán)紫色；雄蕊10枚，二強(qiáng)雄蕊；子房無(wú)柄，向上漸細(xì)，成為花柱。Legume(pod)curvedtobesickle-like,denselycoveredwithbrownprickly

glandularhairs.Seeds2～8,black,smooth.FloweringseasonJun.～Jul.;fruitingseasonJul.～Aug..莢果彎曲成鐮刀狀，密被黃褐色刺狀腺毛。legume：莢果

prickly:多刺的

calcareousglasslands：鈣質(zhì)草原

PlantMorphologyGlycyrrhizainflataBat.:Plantwithoutglandularhairs;leaflets3-7;Legumesmall,inflated.DistributedinXinjiangandGansu.PlantMorphologyGlycyrrhizaglabraL.:Plantwithoutglandularhairs;leaflets19;Legumeflatandstraight,glabrous.DistributedinXinjiang,QinghaiandGansu.PlantMorphology甘草主產(chǎn)于內(nèi)蒙古、甘肅、新疆脹果甘草、光果甘草主產(chǎn)于新疆、甘肅內(nèi)蒙古阿拉善旗、杭錦旗、橙口產(chǎn)品質(zhì)最佳，內(nèi)蒙古五原、陜西、山西、新疆產(chǎn)者次之。CollectionandPreparation

Thedrugiscollectedinspringandautumn,removedfromstemsandrootlets,cutintosections(about1mlong),sunnedtobe60～70%dried,therootsandtherhizomesbeingbundledintobales,andthenpreservedinaventilateddryplaceuntildriedcompletely.Someofliquoricerootsaredeprivedofthecork.Itiscalledstarchyliquorice(粉甘草).ventilated:通風(fēng)的

bales：大包，捆

脹果甘草光果甘草粉甘草烏拉爾甘草Description

Rootof

Glycyrrhizaeuralensis:Rootscylindrical,25～100cmlong,0.6～3.5cmindiameter.Theouterbarklooseortight.Externallyreddish-brownorgreyish-brown,obviouslylongitudinallywrinkled,furrows,lenticel-likeprotrusions,andwithsparserootletscars.furrows：溝紋

sparse：稀疏的

烏拉爾甘草根呈圓柱形，長(zhǎng)25～100cm，直徑0.6～3.5cm。外皮松緊不一。表面紅棕色或灰棕色，具顯著的縱皺紋、溝紋、皮孔樣突起及稀疏的細(xì)根痕。Texturecompact,fracture

slightly

fibrous,yellowish-white,starchy,cambiumringdistinct,raysradiate,somewithclefts.Rhizomescylindrical,externallywithbudscars,pithpresentinthecentreoffracture.Odour,slight;taste,sweetandcharacteristic.cleft：裂隙

budscars：芽痕

pith：髓Description質(zhì)堅(jiān)實(shí)，斷面略顯纖維性，黃白色，粉性，形成層環(huán)明顯，射線(xiàn)放射狀，有的有裂隙。根莖呈圓柱形，表面有芽痕，斷面中部有髓。氣微，味甜而特殊。RadixGlycyrrhizaeinflata:Rootsandrhizomeswoodyandstout,somebranched,theouterbarkrough,mostlygreyish-brown.Texturecompact,lignifiedfibres

abundant,andlessstarchy,Rhizomeswithmoreandlargeadventitiousbuds.RadixGlycyrrhizaeglabra:Textureofrootandrhizomesrelativelycompact,somebranched,theouterbarknotrough,mostlygreyish-brown,

lenticelssmallandindistinct.Descriptionlignifiedfibres:木化纖維1.Phelloderm

relativelynarrow.2.mostphloemfibresinparenchymatouscellscontainingprismsofcalciumoxalate;3.Sievetube

4.Fascicularcambiumdistinct.5.Xylemrays

inboundles,6.Rootswithoutpithatthecentre

木栓層韌皮部形成層木質(zhì)部MicroscopicalcharactersTransversesection:木栓層為數(shù)列棕色細(xì)胞。栓內(nèi)層較窄。韌皮部射線(xiàn)寬廣，多彎曲，?，F(xiàn)裂隙；纖維多成束，非木化或微木化，周?chē)”诩?xì)胞常含草酸鈣方晶；篩管群常因壓縮而變形。束內(nèi)形成層明顯。木質(zhì)部射線(xiàn)寬3～5列細(xì)胞；導(dǎo)管較多，直徑約至160μm；木纖維成束，周?chē)”诩?xì)胞亦含草酸鈣方晶。根中心無(wú)髓；根莖中心有髓。導(dǎo)管晶纖維木栓細(xì)胞powder粉末淡棕黃色。纖維成束，直徑8～14μm，壁厚，微木化，周?chē)”诩?xì)胞含草酸鈣方晶，形成晶纖維。草酸鈣方晶多見(jiàn)。具緣紋孔導(dǎo)管較大，稀有網(wǎng)紋導(dǎo)管。木栓細(xì)胞紅棕色，多角形，微木化。ChemicalConstituentsTriterpenoidalsaponins:6～14%

glycyrrhizin(甘草甜素)，whichuponhydrolysisyieldsglucuronicacid（葡萄糖醛酸）andglycyrrhetinicacid（甘草次酸）。甘草甜素(glycyrrhizin)，為甘草酸(glycyrrhizicacid)的鉀、鈣鹽。Glycyrrhizicacid甘草酸Glycyamarin甘草苷

Flavonoids:

liquiritin（甘草苷）,liquiritigenin（甘草苷元）(theaglyconeofliquiritin)（甘草苷的苷元），

isoliquiritin（異甘草苷）,isoliquiritigenin（異甘草苷元）。

Anti-ulcereffect:Thedrugiseffectiveforthetreatmentofgastriculcer,probablybecauseoftheflavonoidsitcontains.

抗?jié)冏饔茫核委熚笣兊淖饔?，可能因?yàn)樗狞S酮類(lèi)化合物。

Adrenocorticalhormonelikeactions.

腎上腺皮質(zhì)激素樣作用。

Pharmacology

Detoxifyingeffect:Glycyrrhizinpossessesdetoxifyingactionondrugs,poisonousfoodsandtoxinsofmetabolicmetabolicproducts.Glycyrrhizinwhendegradedyieldsglucuronicacid,whichintheliverwillcombinewithtoxicmaterialstoformglucuronidetoproduceadetoxifyingaction.

解毒作用：甘草對(duì)多種藥物中毒、食物中毒和代謝產(chǎn)物中毒等都有一定的解毒作用。甘草甜素降解時(shí)產(chǎn)生葡萄醛酸，在肝臟中它與毒物結(jié)合成葡萄醛酸類(lèi)物質(zhì)而起解毒作用。Pharmacology

Antitussive,expectorantandantiasthmaticeffects.

鎮(zhèn)咳，祛痰和平喘作用。

Anti-inflammatoryandanti-allergiceffects.

抗炎作用和抗過(guò)敏作用。PharmacologyActionToreinforcethefunctionofthespleenandreplenishqi,toremoveh