智能手機(jī)讓人變笨

智能手機(jī)讓人“變笨”覺(jué)得注意力因?yàn)槭謾C(jī)而被分散，那我把它放在口袋里、包包里不就好了?最新研究顯示，即使你的手機(jī)不在視線范圍內(nèi)，并且調(diào)成了靜音，你的認(rèn)知能力仍然會(huì)受到影響。Ithaslongbeenbelievedthatthesmartphonesinourpocketsareactuallymakingusdumber;butnowthereisevideneeforit.人們一直都覺(jué)得口袋里的智能手機(jī)讓我們?cè)絹?lái)越笨了，現(xiàn)在有科學(xué)證據(jù)來(lái)證明了。Theeonstantpreseneeofamobilephonehasa"braindrain"effectthatsignificantlyreducespeople'sintelligenceandattentionspans,astudyhasfound.研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，手機(jī)的長(zhǎng)期在場(chǎng)會(huì)產(chǎn)生一種腦力流失”效應(yīng)，會(huì)嚴(yán)重地降低人們的智力和專(zhuān)注時(shí)長(zhǎng)。ResearchersattheUniversityofTexasdiscoveredthatpeopleareworseatconductingtasksandrememberinginformationiftheyhaveasmartphonewithineyeshot.Intwoexperimentstheyfoundphonessittingonadeskoreveninapocketorhandbagwoulddistractusersandleadtoworsetestscoresevenwhenitwassetupnottodisturbtestsubjects.德克薩斯大學(xué)的研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)：當(dāng)手機(jī)在視線范圍內(nèi)時(shí)，人們?cè)谔幚砣蝿?wù)和記憶信息方面的表現(xiàn)會(huì)更糟糕。在兩組實(shí)驗(yàn)中，他們發(fā)現(xiàn)只要手機(jī)放在桌上甚至只放在口袋或手提包里，即便設(shè)置成防干擾模式，也能讓人分心并且導(dǎo)致更低的測(cè)試分?jǐn)?shù)。Theeffectwasmeasurableevenwhenthephoneswereswitchedoff,andwasworseforthosewhoweredeemedmoredependentontheirmobiles.即使處于關(guān)機(jī)狀態(tài)，手機(jī)的影響仍然很大，對(duì)嚴(yán)重依賴(lài)手機(jī)的人影響更大。"Althoughthesedeviceshaveimmensepotentialtoimprovewelfare,theirpersistentpresencemaycomeatacognitivecost,"saidDrAdrianWard,theleadauthorofthestudy."Evenwhenpeoplearesuccessfulatmaintainingsustainedattention-aswhenavoidingthetemptationtochecktheirphones-themerepresenceofthesedevicesreducesavailablecognitivecapability."這項(xiàng)研究的主要作者阿德里安?沃德博士表示：“盡管這些電子設(shè)備可以極大地便利生活，但手機(jī)總放在身邊會(huì)導(dǎo)致認(rèn)知能力下降。即使能夠成功保持長(zhǎng)期注意力，也就是能抵擋查看手機(jī)的誘惑，現(xiàn)有的認(rèn)知能力也會(huì)因手機(jī)在場(chǎng)而降低。”Theresearcherstested520universitystudentsontheirmemoryandintelligencewheninthepresenceofasmartphonetoseehowitaffectedthem.研究人員共測(cè)試了520名大學(xué)生，通過(guò)測(cè)試他們的記憶力和智力來(lái)研究智能手機(jī)在場(chǎng)與否對(duì)他們的影響。Participantsweretoldtocompletetestsinmathematics,memoryandreasoningwiththeirsmartphoneseitherontheirdesk,intheirbagorpockets,orinanotherroom,andwithalertsturnedoffsoasnottodistractstudents.實(shí)驗(yàn)中，手機(jī)被分別放在桌子上、包里、口袋里或其他房間，參與者在不同情況下完成了數(shù)學(xué)、記憶和推理方面的測(cè)驗(yàn)。為了不打擾測(cè)試者，手機(jī)提示音都被關(guān)閉了。Thosewhohadtheirphonesonthedeskrecordeda10percentlowerscorethanthosewholefttheminadifferentroomonoperationalspantasks,whichmeasuresworkingmemoryandfocus.Thosewhokepttheirphonesfurtheroutofsightintheirpocketsortheirbagsscoredonlyslightlybetterthanwhenphoneswereplacedondesks.與手機(jī)放在其他房間的人相比，手機(jī)放在桌子上的參與者在操作時(shí)長(zhǎng)任務(wù)方面得分要低10%,這種任務(wù)主要是考查工作記憶力和注意力。而將手機(jī)放在口袋或包里等視線之外的參與者得分僅僅比手機(jī)放在桌子上的人高一點(diǎn)。Theresearchersfoundthatthenegativeeffectofhavingaphonewithineyeshotwassignificantlygreateramongthosewhosaidtheyweredependentontheirsmartphones.Participantswhohadexpressedsympathywithphrasessuchas"Iwouldhavetroublegettingthroughanormaldaywithoutmycellphone"and"usingmycellphonemakesmefeelhappy"performedaswellasotherswhentheirphonewasinadifferentroom,butworsewhenitwasplacedontheirdesk.研究人員還發(fā)現(xiàn)將手機(jī)放在視線內(nèi)對(duì)自稱(chēng)依賴(lài)手機(jī)的人有更大的負(fù)面影響。當(dāng)聽(tīng)到'要是沒(méi)有手機(jī)我一天也無(wú)法正常生活”、“使用手機(jī)讓我更快樂(lè)”等話語(yǔ)時(shí),有些測(cè)試者表示深有同感。當(dāng)手機(jī)放在其他房間時(shí)，這些人和其他人表現(xiàn)得一樣好;但是當(dāng)手機(jī)放在桌子上時(shí)，他們的表現(xiàn)卻比其他人糟糕得多。Thestudyalsofoundreactionspeedstobeaffected,withstudentswhohadtheirphoneonthedeskrespondingmoresluggishlyinhigh-pacetests.研究還發(fā)現(xiàn)，反應(yīng)速度也會(huì)受到影響。當(dāng)手機(jī)放在桌子上時(shí)，學(xué)生們?cè)诳焖贉y(cè)驗(yàn)中的反應(yīng)更加遲鈍。Itevenfoundthatphonescanevendistractusersevenwhentheyareturnedoffandplacedfacedown.Thosewithphonesoutsideoftheroom"slightlyoutperformed"thosewithswitchedoffdevices.研究甚至還發(fā)現(xiàn)：即便處于關(guān)機(jī)狀態(tài)并且面朝下放，手機(jī)也能讓人分心。實(shí)驗(yàn)中，將手機(jī)放在房間外面的參與者的表現(xiàn)要略微勝于關(guān)機(jī)的參與者。Theresearcherssaidtheeffectarisesbecausepartofasmartphoneusers'mindisdedicatedtotryingtonotthinkaboutdistractionssuchaswhethertheyhaveanymessageswhenthehandsetisintheirlineofsight.研究人員認(rèn)為，手機(jī)之所以能對(duì)認(rèn)知能力產(chǎn)生影響，是因?yàn)楫?dāng)手機(jī)在視線范圍內(nèi)時(shí)，手機(jī)使用者要消耗部分注意力來(lái)告誡自己不要分心，防止自己去想有沒(méi)有短信之類(lèi)的問(wèn)題。"Weseealineartrendthatsuggeststhatasthesmartphonebecomesmorenoticeable,participants'availablecognitivecapacitydecreases,"saidWard."Yourconsciousmindisn'tthinkingaboutyoursmartphone,butthatprocess-theprocessofrequiringyourselfnottothinkaboutsomething-usesupsomeofyourlimitedcognitiveresources.It'sabraindrain."沃德博士認(rèn)為：“我們觀察到這樣一種線性趨勢(shì)，手機(jī)的存在感越強(qiáng)，參與者的認(rèn)知能力就弱。你并沒(méi)有在想手機(jī)，但是這個(gè)