Davos man 背景知識(shí)講解

Whatcanwelearnfromthispicture?WorldEconomicForumTheWorldEconomicForum

isaninternationalinstitutioncommittedtoimprovingthestateoftheworldthroughpublic-privatecooperationinthespiritofglobalcitizenship.“theworldeconomicforum“canalsobecalled“Davosforum.Doyouknowwhy?Let’slearnaboutthedevelopmenthistoryofthewordeconomicforum.世界經(jīng)濟(jì)論壇是一個(gè)非官方的國(guó)際組織，于1971年由現(xiàn)任論壇主席、日內(nèi)瓦商學(xué)院教授克勞斯施瓦布創(chuàng)建的“歐洲管理論壇”因?yàn)檫@個(gè)論壇在全球的影響力不斷擴(kuò)大，它在五年以后改為會(huì)員制。1987年，“歐洲管理論壇”更名為“世界經(jīng)濟(jì)論壇”。論壇的年會(huì)每年一月底至二月初在瑞士的達(dá)沃斯小鎮(zhèn)召開，故也稱為“達(dá)沃斯論壇。達(dá)沃斯也因此聞名遐邇，成為旅游圣地。ExtraordinarysceneryofDavosMostDavosMenandWomenshareatleastonebelief:thatglobalization,theunimpededflowsofcapital,laborandtechnologyacrossnationalborders,isbothwelcomeandunstoppable.(盡管與會(huì)男女各不相同，但他們大多數(shù)有一個(gè)共同信念：全球化，即資本﹑勞動(dòng)力和技術(shù)不受阻礙的跨國(guó)界流動(dòng)，既值得歡迎又不可阻擋。)Whatisglobalization.

They

see

the

world

increasingly

as

one

vast,

interconnected

marketplace

in

which

corporations

search

for

the

most

advantageous

locations

to

buy,

produce

and

sell

their

goods

and

services.

(在他們看來(lái)，世界越來(lái)越像一個(gè)巨大的互相聯(lián)系的市場(chǎng)。在這個(gè)市場(chǎng)里，企業(yè)尋求采購(gòu)﹑生產(chǎn)及銷售產(chǎn)品和服務(wù)的最佳地點(diǎn)。)As

borders

and

national

identities

become

less

important,

some

find

that

threatening

and

even

dangerous.

In

an

essay

entitled

“Dead

Soul:

The

Denationalization

of

the

American

Elite,”Harvard

Professor

Samuel

Huntington

describes

Davos

Man

(a

phrase

that

first

got

widespread

attention

in

the

1990s)

as

an

emerging

global

superspecies

and

a

threat.

（隨著對(duì)邊界和對(duì)國(guó)家的認(rèn)同變得不那么重要，有些人將此當(dāng)成威脅，甚至危險(xiǎn)。哈佛大學(xué)教授塞繆爾?亨廷頓在一篇題目為《死魂靈：美國(guó)精英的非國(guó)家化》的論文中將達(dá)沃斯人（該說(shuō)法在20世紀(jì)90年代首次引起廣泛關(guān)注）描寫為新興的全球超級(jí)物種和威脅。）

Globalization=Threaten(威脅）?Somedisadvantagesofglobalization：First,economicglobalizationhasledglobaleconomicsituationasawholestateofaffairsismoresignificant.（首先，經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化使全球經(jīng)濟(jì)牽一發(fā)而動(dòng)全身的勢(shì)態(tài)更加顯著。）Second,economicglobalizationmakeseconomicsovereigntyofcountries,particularlytheindependenceoffiscalandmonetarypolicyisfacingincreasingchallenges.（其次，經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化使各國(guó)的經(jīng)濟(jì)主權(quán)、特別是財(cái)政和貨幣政策的獨(dú)立性面臨日益嚴(yán)峻的挑戰(zhàn)。）Third,economicglobalizationhasexacerbatedthealreadyexistinggapbetweenrichandpoor.（第三，經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化加劇了現(xiàn)已存在的貧富差距。）Pros(利）：Itpromotestheworldwideflowimprovementanddevelopmentofinternationaltradeinternationaldivisionoflaborfactorsofproductionlevels,thuspromotingefficiencyofresourceallocation.Developmentofthenationalproductiveforces,tonationaleconomiesprovideabroaderspacefordevelopment.（它促進(jìn)了生產(chǎn)要素在全球范圍內(nèi)的流動(dòng)，國(guó)際分工水平的提高以及國(guó)際貿(mào)易的發(fā)展，從而推動(dòng)資源配置效率的提高。全國(guó)生產(chǎn)力的發(fā)展，為各國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)提供了更廣闊的發(fā)展空間。）TheprosandconsofglobalizationCons(弊）:Economicglobalizationisessentiallybasedonthedevelopedcapitalistinternationallyoriented.Itmakestheworldamoreunbalancedeconomicdevelopment,seriouspolarization;exacerbatetheinstabilityoftheglobalecon