三種主要貿(mào)易付款方式的區(qū)別

三種主要貿(mào)易付款方式的區(qū)分T/T(TelegraphicTransfer),付款L/C用的最多，T/T其次，D/P較少。ofCredit)。信用證是目前國(guó)際貿(mào)易付款方式最常用的一種付款方式，每個(gè)做外貿(mào)的人早晚都將會(huì)接觸到它。對(duì)不少人來(lái)說(shuō)，一提起信用證，就會(huì)聯(lián)想到密密麻麻布滿術(shù)語(yǔ)的令人望而生畏的天書(shū)。其實(shí)信用S/C單據(jù)給銀行就必需把錢(qián)付給你。所以應(yīng)當(dāng)說(shuō)信用證從理論上來(lái)說(shuō)是格外保險(xiǎn)的付款方式。信用證一旦開(kāi)具，他就是真金白銀。也正由于如此，一份牢靠的信用證甚至可以作為擔(dān)保物，拿到銀行候也不是那么保險(xiǎn)。緣由是信用證中可能會(huì)存在很難然你做到的軟條款，造成人為的不符點(diǎn)。Transfer)。T/TT/T，30%，生產(chǎn)完畢，通知付款，付清余款，T/T比較少見(jiàn)一點(diǎn)，在歐美國(guó)家消滅的比較多。由于歐美國(guó)家的客戶處在信譽(yù)很好的環(huán)境，他自己也就格外信任別人?？詈?，寄送全套單證。T/T訂金的比率，是談判和簽訂合同的重要內(nèi)容。訂金的比率最低應(yīng)當(dāng)是夠你把貨發(fā)出去，和拖回來(lái)。萬(wàn)一客戶拒付，也就沒(méi)有什么多大損失。戶同意，沒(méi)有什么關(guān)系。假設(shè)是信用證，就相當(dāng)麻煩，必需的修改信用證，否則造成不符點(diǎn)T/TL/C要低一點(diǎn)。不T/T要牢靠，收款有銀行擔(dān)保，靠著信用證，就可以去銀行打包貸款，資金壓力很小。但是銀行信用不好，或者外匯管制很?chē)?yán)格的國(guó)家，信用證風(fēng)險(xiǎn)很大，如印度。另外還有幾種用的比較少的付款方式：D/P付款交單〔Documentsagainstpayment是跟單托收方式下的一種交付單據(jù)的方法，指出口方的交單是以進(jìn)口方的付款為條件，即進(jìn)口方付款后才能向代收銀行領(lǐng)取單據(jù)。分為即期交單〔D/PatSight〕指出口方開(kāi)具即期匯票，由代收行向進(jìn)口方提示，進(jìn)口方見(jiàn)票后即須付款，貨款付清時(shí)，進(jìn)口方取得貨運(yùn)單據(jù)。方承兌后，于匯票到期日或匯票到期日以前，進(jìn)口方付款贖單。D/A承兌交單(DocumentsagainstAcceptance)是在跟單托收方式下，出口方〔或代收銀行〕向進(jìn)口方以承兌為條件交付單據(jù)的一種方法。所謂“承兌”就是匯票付款人〔進(jìn)口方〕在代收銀行提示遠(yuǎn)期匯票時(shí)，對(duì)匯票的認(rèn)可行為。承兌的手“承兌”付款人于匯票到期日都應(yīng)憑票付款。以上除即期交單〔D/PatSight〕還可以做，其他的都風(fēng)險(xiǎn)較大〔相對(duì)L/C而言〕，但也存在客戶因市場(chǎng)價(jià)格等問(wèn)題而不付款贖單，假設(shè)要做，只能做信譽(yù)較好、長(zhǎng)期交往的老客戶。D/P付款〔即：付款交單〕、D/A付款〔即：承兌交單〕等付款方式承受得較少。主要由于這兩譽(yù)比較好的進(jìn)出口商。advance40aftershipmentthebalanceD/P。這T/T還要保險(xiǎn)。1.revocable1.revocableL/C/irrevocableL/C可撤銷信用證/不行撤銷信用證2.confirmedL/C/unconfirmedL/C保兌信用證/不保兌信用證3.sightL/C/usanceL/C即期信用證/遠(yuǎn)期信用證transferableL/C(or)assignableL/C(or)transmissibleL/C/untransferableL/C可轉(zhuǎn)讓信用證/不行轉(zhuǎn)讓信用證divisibleL/C/undivisibleL/C可分割信用證/不行分割信用證revolvingL/C循環(huán)信用證L/CwithT/Treimbursementclause帶電匯條款信用證withoutrecourseL/C/withrecourseL/C無(wú)追索權(quán)信用證/有追索權(quán)信用證documentaryL/C/cleanL/C跟單信用證/光票信用證deferredpaymentL/C/anticipatoryL/C延付信用證/預(yù)支信用證backtobackL/CreciprocalL/C對(duì)背信用證/對(duì)開(kāi)信用證traveller”sL/C(or:circularL/C)旅行信用證SellingAgent銷售代理Accordingtothepowertheprincipalhasdelegatedtoasellingagent,theagentmayjustintroducethepotentialcustomertotheprincipaloractuallynegotiateandconcludethecontractbetweenthetwoparties.Thehavethefollowingcharacteristics:Anagentcanonlyoperatewithinthemarketingterritoryauthorizedbytheprincipal.Anagentdoesnotcarrystock.Thegoodsarecarriedonlyasconsignmentinventory.Paymentisbasedondeliverytotheultimatebuyer.Theprincipal(exporter)settheretailprice,retainstitleandcontrolsthegoods.Theprofitandriskoflossremainswithintheprincipal,unlesstheagentisadelcredereone.Agentsareusuallypaidwithcommission.依據(jù)托付人所授予其代理人的權(quán)利，銷售代理可能只負(fù)責(zé)向托付人介紹潛在客戶或者實(shí)際談判并簽訂雙方間的合同。代理人有以下幾個(gè)特點(diǎn)：代理人只能在托付人所授權(quán)的代理區(qū)域內(nèi)執(zhí)行代理業(yè)務(wù)。代理人本身不儲(chǔ)存貨物。代理人手中的貨物均為代銷的貨物，待最終的買(mǎi)主付款后，托付人才能收到貨款。托付人〔出口商〕打算貨物的零售價(jià)格，擁有全部權(quán)并掌握貨物。托付人既享有利潤(rùn)有擔(dān)當(dāng)虧損風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，除非代理人為保付代理。代理人的酬勞通常為傭金。商品品質(zhì)描述商品品質(zhì)打算交易本質(zhì)上的價(jià)值，因此它是最重要的交易因素之一。貿(mào)易上的品質(zhì)打算方法有：憑樣品買(mǎi)賣(mài)，憑標(biāo)準(zhǔn)買(mǎi)賣(mài)，憑規(guī)格買(mǎi)賣(mài)等。下面我們來(lái)看看品質(zhì)的表達(dá)發(fā)。[品質(zhì)優(yōu)良]：qualityisexcellent/superior/verygood/fine/best/high/wonderful/supreme/attractive[品質(zhì)低劣]：qualityisbad/inferior/notgood/poor/imperfect/defective/faulty/second-rate/lower/unsatisfactory[品質(zhì)保證]：retainthegoodquality;keepuptothestandardquality;obtainagoodquality;attainthebestquality;secureanexcellentquality[物品以達(dá)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)品質(zhì)]：Anarticleisuptothestandardquality;Anarticleisofthesamequalityasthestandard;Anarticleisequaltothestandardquality;Anarticleisthesameasthestandardquality[物品在標(biāo)準(zhǔn)以下]：Anarticleisbelowthestandard[物品在標(biāo)準(zhǔn)以上]：Anarticleisabovethestandard[物品和樣品全都]：Anarticleisuptothesample;Anarticlecorrespondswiththesample;Anarticleisequaltothesample.-averagequality標(biāo)準(zhǔn)品質(zhì)Wewouldliketobuy500tonsofaveragequalitycorn.-customaryquality一般品質(zhì)Thequalityofthegoodsshippediscustomaryquality.-bestquality,primequality,first-ratequality最正確品質(zhì)Thegoodssuppliedshallonlybethoseofbestquality.-qualityinspectioncertificate品質(zhì)檢驗(yàn)證書(shū)Pleasebesuretoattachaqualityinspectioncertificate.-differenceinquality品質(zhì)上的差異Thereisabigdifferenceinqualitybetweenthetrialorderandtheorderofthistime.-guaranteeofquality品質(zhì)保證Werequestaguaranteeofqualityforaperiodofoneyearonallthegoodsyousell.-sacrificequality降低品質(zhì)Ifyousacrificethequalityanddelivergoodsofimperfectqualitytous,wellwillrefuseacceptanceofthem.市場(chǎng)行情描述市況上揚(yáng)”:Themarketadvances.Themarketgains.Themarketrises.”市況下挫”:Themarketdeclines.Themarketfalls.Themarketloses.”市況活潑”:Themarketbooms.Themarketisexcited.Themarketbecomesactive.Themarketbecomesbrisk.”市況暴跌停滯”:Themarketslumps.Themarketbecomesdull.Themarketbreaksdown.”市況走勢(shì)上揚(yáng)，市況攀升走高”:Themarketisontheupgrade.Themarketisonanupwardtrend.Themarkettendsupward.”市況走勢(shì)下跌，市況下劃走低”:Themarketisonthedowngrade.Themarkettendsdownward.Themarketisonadownwardtrend.Themarkettakesdownward.”市況狂跌”:Themarketdeclines.Themarketdrops.Themarketsags.”市況暴漲”:Themarketjumps.Themarketadvances.Themarketsoars.市場(chǎng)行情百態(tài)[動(dòng)詞]上揚(yáng)狀況：Themarketimproves好轉(zhuǎn))/picksup揚(yáng)升)/hardens(轉(zhuǎn)趨堅(jiān)俏)/stiffens(堅(jiān)硬)/revives(復(fù)蘇)/rebounds(反彈)/regains(恢復(fù))/rallies(重振).下跌趨勢(shì)：Themarketcollapses(崩潰)/relaxes(疲軟).行情波動(dòng)：Themarketfluctuates(波動(dòng)).[形容詞]上揚(yáng)狀況：Themarketisstrong(強(qiáng)勁)/firm(堅(jiān)穩(wěn))/exciting(活潑)/advancing(爬升)/healthy(安康).下跌趨勢(shì)：Themarketisweak(疲軟)/soft(疲軟)/easy(緩慢).平穩(wěn)不變：Themarketisquite靜止)/calm安靜)/unchanged不變)/steady(平穩(wěn))/supported(平持)外貿(mào)英語(yǔ)常見(jiàn)縮寫(xiě)C&F(cost&freight)本錢(qián)加運(yùn)費(fèi)價(jià)T/T(telegraphictransfer)電匯D/P(documentagainstpayment)付款交單D/A(documentagainstacceptance)承兌交單C.O(certificateoforigin)一般原產(chǎn)地證G.S.P.(generalizedsystemofpreferences)普惠制CTN/CTNS(carton/cartons)紙箱PCE/PCS(piece/pieces)只、個(gè)、支等DL/DLS(dollar/dollars)美元DOZ/DZ(dozen)一打PKG(package)一包，一捆，一扎，一件等WT(weight)重量G.W.(grossweight)毛重N.W.(netw