2023學(xué)年完整版Unit4Astronomythescienceofthestars詞匯

詞匯Itexplodedloudlywithfireandrock,whichwereintimetoproducethewatervapor,carbondioxide,oxygen,nitrogenandothergases,...它（地球）巨大的爆炸噴出了烈火與巖石，最終產(chǎn)生了水蒸氣、二氧化碳、氧、氮和其他多種氣體，……要點(diǎn)提示:intime來得及;總有一天，遲早典型例句:Iwasjustintimefortheflight.我剛好來得及趕上那班飛機(jī)。Iwillseehimintime.總有一天我會(huì)遇見他。相關(guān)鏈接:與time相關(guān)的短語innotime立即，立刻atanytime在任何時(shí)候atonetime曾經(jīng)，一度attimes有時(shí)，偶爾ontime按時(shí)，準(zhǔn)時(shí)ofthetime現(xiàn)在的，當(dāng)時(shí)的例如：Ijumpintotheriverinnotime.我立即跳入河中。Youmayusemywatchatanytime.你可以隨時(shí)用我的手表。Atonetimetherewerenotsomanycarsonthestreets.從前街上沒有這么多車子。AttimesIgototheplaygroundtoplayfootball.我有時(shí)到操場踢足球。Theguestreachedthehallontime.客人準(zhǔn)時(shí)到達(dá)大廳。Ithinkheisthegreatestmusicianofthetime.我想他是當(dāng)代最偉大的音樂家。它使地球把曾經(jīng)存在于大氣層中的有害氣體溶解在海洋里。要點(diǎn)提示:allow動(dòng)詞有下列用法:allow.同意給某人某物;allowsb.todosth.允許某人做某事;allowdoingsth.允許做某事，與permit在很多情況下可以通用。其他動(dòng)詞advise，forbid也有類似用法。典型例句:Thereadingroomdoesn’tallowsmoking.閱覽室不準(zhǔn)吸煙。Peoplearenotallowedtospitinpublic.不許當(dāng)眾吐痰。相關(guān)鏈接:permit,allow的不同用法:(1)allow可以和副詞連用，permit則不能。如:Marywouldn’tallowmein.瑪麗不讓我進(jìn)去。(2)表示客氣的請(qǐng)求時(shí)，主語是you應(yīng)當(dāng)用permit，以表示下級(jí)對(duì)上級(jí)，幼輩對(duì)長輩，低層對(duì)高層人尊敬的請(qǐng)求。若主語用I，則應(yīng)當(dāng)用allow的被動(dòng)形式。如:MayIbeallowedtousethisknife?=Willyoupermitmetousethisknife?我可以用你的刀子嗎?Thisencouragedthedevelopmentofearlyshellfishandallsortsoffish.這促進(jìn)了早期貝殼類動(dòng)物和各種魚類的生長發(fā)育。要點(diǎn)提示:developmentn.發(fā)展，發(fā)育，成長，開發(fā)典型例句:Therehavebeenmanynewdevelopmentsingene.基因方面已經(jīng)有幾項(xiàng)新的發(fā)展。Fatherwatchedthedevelopmentofhisbabywithinterest.爸爸充滿興趣地看著孩子的成長。相關(guān)鏈接:withthedevelopmentofsociety隨著社會(huì)的發(fā)展politicaldevelopment政治動(dòng)態(tài)housingdevelopment住宅區(qū)Theywerethelastgroupofanimalsandtheyweredifferentbecausetheyproducedtheiryoungfromwithintheirbodies.它們是最為進(jìn)化的一類動(dòng)物。從體內(nèi)生產(chǎn)出幼仔是它們不同與以往動(dòng)物的特征。要點(diǎn)提示:differentadj.不同的，相異的，常與介詞from連用。強(qiáng)調(diào)different時(shí)，使用very,much,quite,entirely,totally等單詞。典型例句:Theyarequitedifferentintheirtastes.他們的品位差異很大。Myopinionisdifferentfromyours.我的意見和你的不同。相關(guān)鏈接:同根的詞語:differentlyadv.不同地;有差別地differencen.差異；差額；意見不同Smallcleveranimals,nowwithhandsandfeet,appearedandspreadallovertheearth.一些小巧聰明，長著手腳的動(dòng)物出現(xiàn)了，它們散布在地球各個(gè)地方。要點(diǎn)提示:spread(spread,spread)vt.使伸展，延伸vi.（消息等）傳開，流行典型例句:Mumspreadanewclothboughtinthesupermarketonthetablewhenwehaddinner.我們吃飯時(shí)媽媽在桌子上鋪上一條從超市買來的新桌布。Hespreadouthisarmstowelcomeuswarmly.他張開雙臂熱情地歡迎我們。Theexcitingnewsspreadthroughtheschoolquickly.這激動(dòng)人心的消息很快傳遍了學(xué)校。相關(guān)鏈接:spreadout傳開spreadrumors散布謠言spreadlikewildfire像野火一般傳開spreadoneself舒展身體spreadthetable鋪?zhàn)雷觭preadtheload分?jǐn)?工作量)應(yīng)用探究：閱讀時(shí)文，體會(huì)spread含義(1)Footandmouthdisease(口蹄疫)spreadisafastspreadingdisease.NowithasbegunitskillingonthewholeBritishcountryside,forcingtheclosureofalmosteverything―fromcountryvisitstosportsevents,withallpreparingfortheworst.(2)Fearhadspreadthenation,indeedthewholeworld.Anunknowndeadlyvirushadinfectedthousandsquickly.Therewasnocureandthenumberofcaseswasrisingeveryday.Inthemedia,SARSseemedtobethetopicofeveryheadline.InBeijing,thestreetswereempty.Fewhadtogooutsidewithmaskscoveringtheirmouths.Theyareputtingtoomuchcarbondioxideintotheatmosphere,whichpreventsheatfromescapingfromtheearthintospace.他們把過多的二氧化碳釋放到大氣層中，這使得地球上的熱不能釋放到太空中去要點(diǎn)提示:preventsb./sth.(from)doingsth.阻止某人或者某事做某事典型例句:Hiswordscan’tpreventusfrombuyingbooks.他的話不會(huì)阻止我們買書。Theheavyrainpreventedusgoingon,butwedidn’tloseheart.大雨阻止我們前進(jìn)，但是我們不灰心喪氣。相關(guān)連接：另外，與這種結(jié)構(gòu)相似的有stopsb./sth.(from)doingsth.（from可以省略）和keepsb./sth.fromdoingsth.（from不可以省略）。Lynn’sparentstriedtostopherseeinghim.林恩的父母企圖阻止她和他見面。Youwon’tkeepthethingsfromhappening.你不能阻止事情發(fā)生。Whetherlifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstocomewilldependonwhetherthisproblemcanbesolved.在未來的數(shù)百萬年中，生命能否在地球上延續(xù)取決于這個(gè)問題能否得到解決。要點(diǎn)提示:dependon/upon意思為“依靠，依賴”，常用結(jié)構(gòu)是dependonsb./sth.，dependonsb.todosth.。典型例句:Thecountrydependsheavilyonitstouristtrade.這個(gè)國家主要依靠旅游業(yè)。Thepoormandependshissontoearnmoney.這個(gè)窮人依靠他的兒子去賺錢。相關(guān)鏈接:要特別注意dependonit常用于句首或句末，意思為“請(qǐng)放心，沒問題”;Italldepends和Thatdepends意思為“看情況而定”，二者都用于口語中。例如：Dependonit,he’llturnup.請(qǐng)放心，他一定會(huì)來的。Itdependshowyoutackletheproblem.那取決于你如何解決這個(gè)問題。Theyexisteverywhereontheearth.他們存在于地球上各個(gè)地方。要點(diǎn)提示:existv.存在;thereexist表示“存在/有”，此時(shí)exist不用進(jìn)行時(shí)。典型例句:SeveralpeoplebelievetheDevilexistsintheworld.少數(shù)人認(rèn)為世界上存在惡魔。Thereexistswarmheartedpersoneverywhere.好人到處都有。ConferenceliketheEarthSummithelppeopleunderstandthatthereexistseriousproblemsandthatthereisstilltimetotakeaction.像地球峰會(huì)一樣的會(huì)議有助于人們明白現(xiàn)存在的嚴(yán)重問題，也明白還有時(shí)間來采取行動(dòng)的。相關(guān)鏈接:thereexist表示“存在/有”，是“therebe”句型的延伸，類似的還有:therestand,therelie,therelive,thereoccur。應(yīng)用探究：改錯(cuò)(1)Itissurprisingthatakindofanimalisexistinginthedrydesert.(2)Thereexistagoodwaytosolvemanydifficultphysicsproblems.Beforeweleft,LiYanpingexplainedtomethattheforceofgravitywouldchangethreetimesonourjourney...我們起飛前，李彥平向我解釋說，在我們的航行中會(huì)有三次重力的改變，……要點(diǎn)提示:forcen.力，力量;（forcespl.）軍隊(duì);暴力，武力典型例句:Theforceoftheexplosionbrokeallthewindowsinthebuilding.那爆炸將該建筑物的玻璃全部震碎。Nomanwoulduseforceonanotherinatrulycivilizedsociety.在真正的文明社會(huì)中，不會(huì)有人對(duì)他人實(shí)施暴力。相關(guān)鏈接:byforceof依據(jù)，憑借……之力comeintoforce（法律）實(shí)施laborforce勞動(dòng)力theairforce空軍應(yīng)用探究：觀察猜想觀察下面幾個(gè)句子中的force意義和詞性是否一樣(1)Thespokesmansaidthatitwasquitewrongtosolvethedisputebyforceinsteadofbypeacefultalk.(2)Theforceoftheexplosionmadealltheglassfallintopieces.(3)Everypresidentwanttousetheforcesofhiscountrytostrengthhisrule.(4)TheyforcedtheQingGovernmenttosignthepaper.Icheeredupimmediatelyandfloatedweightlesslyaroundinourspaceshipcabinwatchingtheearthbecomesmallerandthemoonlarger.我立刻高興起來，由于失重我在太空艙里飄來飄去，我望著地球越來越小，而月球越來越大。要點(diǎn)提示:cheerup感到高興，提起精神典型例句:IcheeredupthemomentIheardthenews.一聽到消息，我感到高興。Cheerup!Wearenearthefinishline.打起精神，我們臨近終點(diǎn)線了。相關(guān)鏈接:cheerv.&n.歡呼，喝彩，加油;cheer作“歡呼，喝彩”講時(shí)為不及物動(dòng)詞;作及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)，意思為“向……歡呼”；作名詞時(shí)，有“歡呼，喝彩（聲）”的意思；Cheers！干杯！Ifyouareright,mymasswillbelessthanontheearthbecausethemoonissmallerandIwillbeabletomovemorefreely.要是你對(duì)了，我的質(zhì)量就會(huì)比地球上小，因?yàn)樵铝帘鹊厍蛐?，而我就能更加自由活?dòng)了。要點(diǎn)提示:massn.塊，堆;多數(shù)，大量（常與of連用）;大小，體積，質(zhì)量典型例句:Shehasamassofthingstodo.他有一大堆事要干。Yourmassdoesn’tchangeifyouareinthisroom.在這個(gè)屋子里你的質(zhì)量不會(huì)發(fā)生改變。相關(guān)鏈接:masscommunication大眾媒體massmeeting群眾大會(huì)massproduction大量生產(chǎn)themassmedia大眾傳媒themasses大眾inthemass總體上，大體上ButIstepforwardIfoundIwascarriedtwiceasfarasontheearthandfellover.而當(dāng)我試著向前邁步的時(shí)候，我發(fā)覺我被送出好遠(yuǎn)，步子的跨度竟是地球上的兩倍。要點(diǎn)提示:在本句中，用twiceasfaras表示倍數(shù)，符合“倍數(shù)+原級(jí)”