2020年人教版初中英語基礎(chǔ)語法(八升九)暑假專題突破與鞏固學(xué)案(十二)：句子的類型篇Ⅱ(復(fù)合型從句)

人教版初中英語基礎(chǔ)語法暑假專題突破與鞏固 學(xué)案（十二）基礎(chǔ)語法專題：句子的類型篇n（復(fù)合型從句）第一部分：定義 概念清晰化.賓語從句指在復(fù)合句中充當(dāng)賓語的從句，常常位于及物動(dòng)詞或介詞之后，作賓語。賓語從句的引導(dǎo)詞是由賓語從句的句子類型決定的，?？嫉囊龑?dǎo)詞有that,if,whether,what,which,when,where,how,why等，賓語從句中的時(shí)態(tài)由主句中謂語動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)來決定。.在復(fù)合句中修飾主句中的動(dòng)詞、 形容詞或副詞等的句子叫狀語從句， 在句中起到狀語的作用。 常考的狀語從句有時(shí)間狀語從句 （由when,while,before,not…until等引導(dǎo)）、條件狀語從句（由if,unless,aslonga得引導(dǎo)）、原因狀語從句（由because,sinceiF引導(dǎo)）、結(jié)果狀語從句（由sothat,so-that…等引導(dǎo)）、目的狀語從句（由in。由erthat等引導(dǎo)）、讓步狀語從句（由though,although等引導(dǎo)）。.定語從句是指在句中作定語，用來修飾名詞、名詞性詞組或代詞的句子。被定語從句修飾的名詞、名詞性詞組或代詞叫做先行詞，在先行詞和定語從句之間起連接作用的詞叫關(guān)系詞。定語從句常用的關(guān)系代詞有 who,whom,whose,that,which,關(guān)系副詞有when,where,why）初中英語階段復(fù)合句相關(guān)知識(shí)點(diǎn)的掌握主要包括賓語從句 （包括直接引語與間接引語的互換 卜狀語從句和定語從句。賓語從句的考查主要是賓語從句的語序和時(shí)態(tài)，狀語從句的考查在于連詞的選擇和時(shí)態(tài)；定語從句的考查重點(diǎn)是關(guān)系代詞的選用。第二部分：知識(shí)歸類 知識(shí)網(wǎng)絡(luò)化?賓語從句分類圖解用法例句當(dāng)賓語從句或間接引語是由陳述句轉(zhuǎn)換而來時(shí)，用 that來引導(dǎo)從句或間接引語，其中的that無具體意義，一般可以省略。Hetellsme(that)heisgoingshoppingthisSunday.Hesaid(that)thebankwasnearthehotel.當(dāng)賓語從句或間接引語是由一般疑問句轉(zhuǎn)換而來時(shí)，用 if或whether來引導(dǎo)從句或間接引語，意思是 是否”。從句或間接引語用陳述語序。Sheaskedmeif/whethershecouldjoinus.Hewonderedif/whethertheworkershadfinishedthework.當(dāng)賓語從句或間接引語是由特殊疑問句轉(zhuǎn)換而來時(shí)，特殊疑問詞就是賓語從句或間接引語的引導(dǎo)詞。從句或間接引語用陳述語序。Doyouknowwhobrokethedoor?Sheaskedmewhosepenthatwas.特例清單.當(dāng)賓語從句由一般疑問句轉(zhuǎn)換而來時(shí)，引導(dǎo)詞用 if或whether,如果從句中有ornot或從句充當(dāng)介詞的賓語時(shí),只能用whethero如：Idon'tknowwhetherhewillcomeornot.我不知道他是否會(huì)來。Sheisworriedaboutwhetheritistrue她正擔(dān)心著這件事是否是真的。.賓語從句中，主句為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，則從句可以根據(jù)實(shí)際需要用各種相應(yīng)的時(shí)態(tài)。主句為一般過去時(shí)，則從句必須用過去的某種時(shí)態(tài)。如：Irememberhegavemeabookyesterd啾記得他昨天給了我——本書。Hetoldmethathewouldtakepartinthehighjump.他告訴我他將會(huì)參加跳高比賽。.賓語從句的主語和主句的主語相同，且主句的謂語動(dòng)詞是 know,remember,forget,learn等詞時(shí)，從句可簡化為“疑問詞+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)。如：Shedoesintknowwhatsheshoulddonext尸Shedoesintknowwhattodonext.她不知道下一步該做什么。.直接引語是祈使句，I'接引語應(yīng)改為"tell（ask,order等）sb.（not）todosth."句型。如：“Don'tmakeanynoise:'shesaidtothechildren.fShetoldthechildrennottomakeanynoise."不要制造任何噪音”她對(duì)孩子們說。.在賓語從句或間接引語中如果敘述的是客觀真理、客觀事實(shí)等，不管主句是什么時(shí)態(tài)，從句都用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。如：Hesaidthatlighttravelsmuchfasterthansounc他說光比聲音的傳播速度要快得多。.直接引語變?yōu)殚g接引語時(shí)，指示代詞、時(shí)間狀語、地點(diǎn)狀語和某些具有方向性的動(dòng)詞要作相應(yīng)的變化。具體見下表:【題組訓(xùn)練】( )1.Jimmythe2014FIFAWorldCupiscoming.Doyouknowthefirstmatchwillbeon?OnJune13th.A.howB.whereC.why D.when( )2.It'ssolate.Whynotwritethereporttomorrow?ButIdon'tknowIcandoitifnotnow.A.whyB.whenC.how D.where( )3.Excusemecouldyoupleasetellme?Yes,thereisahistorymuseum.A.howoftendoyougotothehistorymuseumB.arethereanygoodmuseumsinKunmingC.howlongittakestogettothehistorymuseumD.ifthereareanygoodmuseumsinKunming( )4.Grannytheschooltripwasveryexcitingbutalittletiring.一Oh,couldyoutellme?A.howdidyougototheparkB.whatyoudidinthetripC.thatyousawsomethingbeautifulD.ifyourfriendshadplayedwithyou( )5.Couldyoupleasetellme?Ofcourse.ManypeopleinShiyanknowit.A.whereisMountWudangB.howcanIgettoWulongRiverC.whatisShennongjiafamousforD.iftherewillbeanewairportinShiyan?狀語從句分類圖解分類連接詞例句時(shí)間狀語從句when/while/as,before,after,since,until,assoonasShewascookingwhensomeoneknockedatthedoor.HeoftenwenttotheconcertwhilehestayedinBerlin.Ididn'tgotobeduntilshecameback.條件狀語從句if,aslongas,unlessI'llgotoseeyouifIhavetime.TheywillhaveapicnicunlessitrainsnextSunday原因狀語從句because,since,as,forHedidn'tcatchthefirstbusbecausehegotuptoolate.Weshouldstudyhardsincewearestudents.目的狀語從句sothat,inorderthatPleasesayitinaloudvoicesothateveryonecanhearit.結(jié)果狀語從句sothat,so??-that/such???thatIt'ssohotthatwewanttogoswimming.Itissuchaheavyboxthatnobodycanmoveitaway.讓步狀語從句though/although,even,ifAlthoughit'sraininghard,theyarestillworkinghardinthefield.比較狀語從句than,as…as,notas/so???asHeranasfastasMike.【題組訓(xùn)練】( )6.I'dliketohavea*ryImayfail.A.since B.thoughC.until D.after( )7.Insummermilkwillquicklygobaditisputintoafridge.A.though B.unless C.becauseD.once( )8.Areyougoingout,Mike?It'sreallylatenow.—It'sthelastdaytobuyticketstothe2014FIFAWorldCupinBrazilImustgonow.A.if B.orC.soD.though()9.LauraopenedthedoorandrushedintotherainIcouldstopher.A.untilB.afterC.beforeD.unless( )10.MumsaysIdomyhomeworknow,IcanwatchTVforanhourtonight.A.if B.thoughC.becauseD.while?定語從句分類圖解分類引導(dǎo)詞在從句中的作用例句關(guān)系代詞that,which,who,whom,whose指人或物(充當(dāng)賓語時(shí)可省略)指物(可與that互換)指人(可與that互換)指人(從句中充當(dāng)賓語)指人或物的所屬關(guān)系Thisisthebook(that/which)Iboughtyesterday.Themanwhoisworkingthereismybrother.Thegirlwhomyoumetmonthsagomovedtoanothercity.Theroomwhosewindowisopenismine.關(guān)系副詞when,where,why時(shí)間，地點(diǎn)，原因IstillrememberthedaywhenyouleftforBeijing.Thisistheschoolwheremymotherworks.Doyouknowthereasonwhyhewaslateforschool?特例清單定語從句中引導(dǎo)詞只能用that的情況：(1)當(dāng)先行詞為anything,everything,nothing等不定代詞時(shí)，只能使用"that"。如：IsthereanythingthatIcandoforyou破能為你做點(diǎn)什么嗎？(2)當(dāng)先行詞為all,any,much,many等詞時(shí),只能使用"that"。如：Tomtoldhermotherallthathadhappened湯姆把事情的全部情況告訴了他的媽媽。(3)當(dāng)先行詞被形容詞最高級(jí)修飾時(shí)，只能使用“ that”。如：ThisisthemostwonderfultimethatIhaveeverhad這是我度過的最美好的時(shí)光。(4)當(dāng)先行詞被序數(shù)詞修飾時(shí)，只能使用“that”。如：Hewasthefirstpersonthatpassedtheexarmfe是第——個(gè)通過考試的人。(5)當(dāng)先行詞被theonly,thevery,thesamqthelast修飾時(shí)，只能使用"that"。如：Thiswillbethelastchancethathecan§逾將會(huì)是他可以得到的最后一次機(jī)會(huì)。Heistheonlypersonthatcanhelpyouout他是唯——能幫你的人。(6)先行詞里同時(shí)含有人或物時(shí)，只能使用“that”。如：Theytalkedofthingsandpersonsthattheyrememberedintheschool.們談?wù)撍麄冇浀玫挠嘘P(guān)學(xué)校的事和人。(7)當(dāng)主句是以who,which開頭的特殊疑問句或先行詞是 who時(shí)，只能使用"that"。如：Whichisthebookthatheborrowedfromthelibraryyesterday?哪本書是他昨天從圖書館借的？【題組訓(xùn)練】( )11.Whatareyoulookingfor?一I'mlookingforthebookyoulentmeyesterday.A.whatB.whoC.whenD.不填( )12.“Underground"istheonlywordintheEnglishlanguage-beginsandendswiththeletters "und".A.whatB.thatC.whoD.whom()13.FirstLadyPengLiyuanwaswateringtheflowerswerenamed“Cathy"withDutchQueenMaxima.A.what B.which C.who D.whose()14.WhensomeChinesewomenweredancingtoloudmusicinaparkinNewYork,thepeoplelivednearbycalledthepolice.A.who B.whom C.whose D.which( )15.Inatextmessage88meansBye-bye.AndanotherexampleisF2Fstandsforfacetoface.A.thatB.whoC.whom D.it第三部分：綜合集訓(xùn) 效果數(shù)據(jù)化( )1.-Doyouknowifourteamthematchtonight?——Itishardtosay.Iwilltellyoutheresultifourteam.A.wins;wins B.willwin;willwin C.wins;willwin D.willwin;wins( )2.—IbelieveChineseastronautswillbeabletolandonthemoononeday.—Iagreewithyou.ButI'mnotsurewecanliveonit.A.that;if B.that;that C.if;that D.if;if( )3.—AreyousureLiMinghasflowntoLondon?—Yes.Isawhimoffattheairportjustnow.A.that B.if C.whether D.when( )4.-I'mworriedaboutIcanpasstheEnglishexam.—Don'tworry.I'msureyouwillpassit.A.if;that B.whether;that C.that;if D.that;whether( )5.-Doctor,couldyoutellme?——Oh,nothingserious.Hejusthasacold.Hewillbefinesoon.A.thattherewasanythingwrongwithmysonB.iftherewasanythingwrongwithmysonC.thatthereisanythingwithmysonD.ifthereisanythingwrongwithmyson( )6.-Haveyoudecidedyou'llgotoHainan?-Notyet.Maybebyplane.A.when B.how C.where D.whether( )7.—WhatdidJackaskyouaboutjustnow?-HeaskedmehowlongwhenIreachedthecinema.A.hadthefilmbeenon B.thefilmhadstartedC.thefilmhadbeenonD.hadthefilmended( )8.—Couldyoutellme?—Anengineer.Heworksinacomputercompany.A.whoyourfatheris B.whereyourfatherwasC.whatisyourfather D.whatyourfatheris( )9.-Hello,everyone!CanIjoinyou?一Sure,wearetalkingabout.A.whenshallwegotothecinemaB.howcanwegetthereC.whoshouldwegowith D.howwecanorganizethefarewellpartywell( )10.—Ihearthatafamousdoctorwillcometoourcompany.—Doyouknow ?A.whenwillhegiveatalk B.whenhewillarriveC.whatwillhetalkabout D.howwillhecome( )11.—Couldyoutellushowlong ?—Aboutthreedays.A.doesthesportsmeetinglastB.thesportsmeetingwilllastC.didthesportsmeetinglastD.willthesportsmeetinglast()12.Alenwantedtoknow afteritgotoutoftheUFO.A.whatisthealiendoing B.whatthealienwoulddoC.wherewouldthealiengo D.wherethealienisgoing( )13.Didyouasktheguard happened?Yes,hetoldmeall heknew.A.what;that B.what;what C.which;which D.that;that( )14.Icanneverforgettheday weworkedtogetherandtheday wespenttogether.A.when;which B.which;whenC.what;that D.onwhich;when( )15.Theletterisfrommysister isworkinginBeijing.A.which B.when C.whom D.who( )16.Hetalkedalotaboutthingsandpersons theyrememberedintheschool.A.which B.that C.whom D.what( )17.Thefactory we'llvisitnextweekisnotfarfromhere.A.where B.towhich C.which D.inwhich( )18.Thisisoneofthebestfilms .A.thathavebeenshownthisyear B.thathaveshownC.thathasbeenshownthisyear D.thatyoutalked( )19.Canyoulendmethebook theotherday?A.aboutwhi