HND 商務(wù)信息與通訊技術(shù)OUTCOME1

Mengjie InformationandCommunicationsTechnologyinBusiness 16/10/2013MengJie InformationandCommunicationsTechnologyinBusiness 16/10/2013Part1:Identifyandevaluatetheroleofbusinessinformationindecision-making.Question1:StrategicManagementStrategicmanagementisresponsibleformakingdecisionsthataffectwholecompany.Thesedecisionsaregenerallyverycomplexandunstructured.Theymakelong-termdecisions.Internal:Themarkettrends.Ifthecompanycanobservetheindex,itwillunderstandtheneedsofthecompany,soastodecideitwillproducetheproductstogainmoreprofit.External:thestaffingneeds.Ifthecompanycanimproveemployeebenefits,increasetheirrewards,itwillmakeemployeeshavemorepower.TacticalManagementTacticalmanagersarethemiddlemanagement.Theymakemedium-termdecisionsaffectingbudgets,monitoringoperations,developingpolicies,obtainingresources.Tacticalmanagersdeveloptacticstoachievetheoverallstrategicaimsandobjectivessetbythestrategicmanager.Internal:Thebudgets.Ifthecompanyhasabudgetprocess,itwillbeabletocontrolthebudgetandcontrolthecompany’scashposition.Andtheenterprisecapitalwillbecomemoreflexible.External:Iftheenterprisehasthefixedsuppliers,itwillguaranteethequalityofenterpriseproductsandsaveoperatingtime,thusenhancestheenterprisethecompetitiveabilityandincreasemoreprofits.OperationalManagementTheoperationalmanageristhefirstlinemanagerorsupervisor.Theyareresponsiblefortheday-to-dayoperationsofthebusiness.Internal:Iftheenterprisestaffattendancerecordeveryday,itcanworkoutaplanforamoreperfectplanaccordingtotheinformation,sothatemployeesworkmoreefficiently.External:Thecustomerneeds.Iftheenterpriseunderstandcustomerneeds,itsproductstoattractcustomersandincreaseincome.StrategicSeniorManagementStrategicTacticalMiddleManagementTacticalOperationalSupervisory—firstlineofmanagementOperationalQuestion2:“Enterpriseresourceplanningisacross-functionalenterprisesystemdrivenbyanintegratedsuiteofsoftwaremodulesthatsupportsthebasicinternalbusinessprocessesofacompany.”ERPgivesacompanyanintegratedreal-timeviewofitscorebusinessprocessessuchasproduction,orderprocessing,andinventorymanagement,tiedtogetherbyERPapplicationssoftwareandacommondatabasemaintainedbyadatabasemanagementsystem.ERPsystemstrackbusinessresources(suchascash,rawmaterials,andproductioncapacity)andthestatusofcommitmentsmadebythebusiness(suchascustomerorders,purchaseorders,andemployeepayroll),nomatterwhichdepartment(manufacturing,purchasing,sales,accounting,andsoon)hasenteredthedataintothesystem.ERPfacilitatesinformationflowbetweenallbusinessfunctionsinsidetheorganization,andmanagesconnectionstooutsidestakeholders.(Wikipedia,2013)Thisinformationsystemwouldsupportdecision-makingatstrategiclevels.ERPprovidessupporttoupperlevelmanagementtoprovidethemwithcriticaldecisionmakinginformation.Thisdecisionsupportallowstheupperlevelmanagementtomakemanagerialchoicesthatenhancethebusinessdowntheroad.ERPalsocreatesamoreagilecompanythatbetteradaptstochange.ERPmakesacompanymoreflexibleandlessrigidlystructuredsoorganizationcomponentsoperatemorecohesively,enhancingthebusiness—internallyandexternally.ERPcangreatlyimprovethequalityandefficiencyofabusiness.Bykeepingacompany'sinternalbusinessprocessrunningsmoothly,ERPcanleadtobetteroutputsthatbenefitthecompanysuchascustomerservice,andmanufacturing.“Customerrelationshipmanagementisamodelformanagingacompany’sinteractionswithcurrentandfuture\o"Customers"customers.”Itinvolvesusingtechnologytoorganize,automate,andsynchronize\o"Sales"sales,\o"Marketing"marketing,\o"Customerservice"customerservice,and\o"Technicalsupport"technicalsupport.(Wikipedia,2013)Thisinformationsystemwouldsupportdecision-makingatoperationallevels.AccesscontroliscrucialfortheSCMtool.Ontheonehand,sincethisisteamdevelopment,mayneedtolimitcertainmembersoftheauthority;Thesub-projectoftheespeciallybigprojectstendtobeinvolvedinoutsourcing,attheendofthealignmentstagewillinvolvealotofdifferentunits,needmorerightsmanagement.Accesscontrol,ontheotherhand,alsoreducedthepossibilityofwrongoperation,indirectimprovetheavailabilityoftheSCMtool.SCMtoolsrecordprogramsandfilesmodifiedtrajectory,trackchangeinformation,makethesoftwaredevelopmentworkcompletedinBaseline(Baseline)gradualway,avoidingtheuncontrolledsoftwaredevelopmentsituation,makedevelopmentstatusinorder.“Supplychainmanagementisthemanagementoftheflowofgoods.Itincludesthemovementandstorageof\o"Rawmaterial"rawmaterials,work-in-processinventory,andfinishedgoodsfrompointoforigintopointofconsumption.”Interconnectedorinterlinkednetworks,channelsandnode\o"Business"businessesareinvolvedintheprovisionof\o"Product(business)"productsand\o"Service(economics)"servicesrequiredbyendcustomersina\o"Supplychain"supplychain.Supplychainmanagementhasbeendefinedasthe"design,planning,execution,control,andmonitoringofsupplychainactivitieswiththeobjectiveofcreatingnetvalue,buildingacompetitiveinfrastructure,leveragingworldwidelogistics,synchronizingsupplywithdemandandmeasuringperformanceglobally."(Wikipedia,2013)Thisinformationsystemwouldsupportdecision-makingatoperationallevels.CRMisnotonlyoneinthefaceofcustomermarketingandservicedepartment,alsoisabusinessdepartmentscanshareinformationandresourcesplatformfortheautomationwork,inordertomaximizetheminingandcoordinationofenterpriseresources,expandthesurvivalspaceandpotential.CRMiscustomerinformationintopositivecustomerrelationshipandtheworkingprocessofthecycle.ThroughtheCRMcanmoretrulycomprehensivecollection,analysisofcustomerinformation,toprovidecustomerswithmulti-angle,all-roundservice.Question3:“TheDataProtectionAct1998isaUnitedKingdomActofParliamentwhichdefinesUKlawontheprocessingofdataonidentifiablelivingpeople.ItisthemainpieceoflegislationthatgovernstheprotectionofpersonaldataintheUK.AlthoughtheActitselfdoesnotmentionprivacy,itwasenactedtobringUKlawintolinewiththeEUdataprotectiondirectiveof1995whichrequiredMemberStatestoprotectpeople'sfundamentalrightsandfreedomsandinparticulartheirrighttoprivacywithrespecttotheprocessingofpersonaldata.”(Wikipedia,2013)IthinkitnecessaryforenterprisestousetheAct.Itcanbetterprotectcorporatedataandinformation,toreducealotofbusinessrisk.“TheCopyright,DesignsandPatentsAct1988(c.48),alsoknownastheCDPA,isan\o"ActofParliament"Actofthe\o"ParliamentoftheUnitedKingdom"ParliamentoftheUnitedKingdomwhichreceived\o"RoyalAssent"RoyalAssenton15

November1988.Itreformulatesalmostcompletelythestatutorybasisof\o"Copyright"copyrightlaw(including\o"Performingrights"performingrights)inthe\o"UnitedKingdom"UnitedKingdom,whichhad,untilthen,beengovernedbythe\o"CopyrightAct1956"CopyrightAct1956(c.

74).Italsocreatesanunregistered\o"Designright"designright,andcontainsanumberofmodificationstothelawoftheUnitedKingdomon\o"RegisteredDesign"RegisteredDesignsand\o"Patent"patents.”(Wikipedia,2013)IsuggestitnecessaryforenterprisestousetheAct.Itcanhelpenterprisestobetterprotectandincreasetheirowninterests.Part2:DescribeandevaluatedatacommunicationsystemsandnewICTinnovations.Question1:Compareandcontrastthreedatacommunicationsystems.Alocalareanetwork(LAN)isanetworkthatconnectscomputerswithinalimitedgeographicaldistrict,usuallywithinanindependentofficeorbuilding.WideAreaNetwork(WAN),alsocalledRemoteComputerNetwork,thescopeofitslargest,generallycanbefromafewtensofkilometerstotensofthousandsofmiles.Establishedanationalorinternationalnetworkisawideareanetwork.Inawideareanetwork,usedforthetransmissionofcommunicationsdevicesandtransmissionmediumcanbeprovidedbythetelecomsector.(NWPU,2013)“TheInternetisaglobalsystemofinterconnected\o"Computernetwork"computernetworksthatusethestandard\o"Internetprotocolsuite"Internetprotocolsuite(TCP/IP)toserveseveralbillionusersworldwide.Itisanetworkofnetworksthatconsistsofmillionsofprivate,public,academic,business,andgovernmentnetworks,oflocaltoglobalscope,thatarelinkedbyabroadarrayofelectronic,wirelessandopticalnetworkingtechnologies.TheInternetcarriesanextensiverangeofinformationresourcesandservices,suchastheinter-linked\o"Hypertext"hypertextdocumentsofthe\o"WorldWideWeb"WorldWideWeb(WWW),the\o"Informationinfrastructure"infrastructuretosupportemail,and\o"Peer-to-peer"peer-to-peernetworks.”Forexample,MicrosoftServiceNetworkandEmailpassedthroughtheInternet.(Wikipedia,2013)Compare:Alocalareanetworkisanetworkwithinalimiteddistanceusuallyononegeographicalsite.TheWideAreaNetworkislargerthanlocalareanetwork.TheInternetisglobal,themostwiderange.(IT168,2011)Thethreedatacommunicationsystemshavethemselvesadvantages,soitshouldbecombinedwitheachother,thedevelopmentofenterpriseswillbebetter.Question2:DescribetwobenefitsforeachofthethreedatacommunicationsystemsforBW.Localareanetwork:Low-levelprotocolisSimple.Inthelocalareanetwork(LAN),duetotheshortdistanceandtimedelayissmall,lowcost,hightransmissionrate,highreliability,sothechannelutilizationhasnotconsideredthemainfactors,sothelow-levelprotocolissimple.Becauseofthecloserangetransmission,sotheerrorrateisverylow.WideAreaNetwork:Itstransmissionspeedisbetterandtransmitslargeamountsofdata.Itstransmissionrangeiswider.Internet:TheInternetprovidesabundantinformationresourcesandapplicationservices.Notonlyitcantransmittheinformationsuchastext,voice,image,andthousandsofmilesaway,peoplecancarryoutreal-timeconversationsovertheInternet,online,etc.TheInternetistheworld'smostopencomputernetwork.EverycomputeraslongasthesupportofTCP/IPprotocolcanbeconnectedtotheInternet,torealizeinformationresourcessharing,etc.(100XUEXI,2010)Question3:IdentifyandevaluatethreethreatstosecurityofnetworkedinformationandthesecurityproceduresthatwouldbeappropriateforBWtoadopt.Fire：Fireistopointtointimeandspacecausedbytheburningoutofcontrol.Amongvariouskindsofdisaster,fireisthemostoften,themostcommonthreattopublicsafetyandsocialdevelopmentofoneofthemajordisasters.Enterprisesshouldbeinstalledintheindoorfirewaterspraynozzle;policyformulationaboutSmokingisprohibitedandsetupevacuationpassageway.Thiscanbetterreducethepossibilityoffire.Theft：Incommonusage,theftisthetakingofanotherperson's\o"Property"propertywithoutthatperson'spermissionor\o"Consent"consentwiththeintenttodeprivetherightfulownerofit.Enterprisesshouldhiresecurityguardsandinstallcamerasatindoors,sothatwecanbetteravoidthethreatofthethief.Viruses:Acomputervirusisatypeof\o"Malware"malwarethat,whenexecuted,\o"Self-replicatingprogram"replicatesbyinsertingcopiesofitself(possiblymodified)intoother\o"Computerprograms"computerprograms,data\o"File(computing)"files,orthe\o"Bootsector"bootsectorofthe\o"Harddrive"harddrive;whenthisreplicationsucceeds,theaffectedareasarethensaidtobe"infected”Enterprisesshouldemploynetworksecurityengineerandsetupthefirewalltopreventvirusintrusion.Question4:IdentifyandevaluatethreeITCinnovationsintermsoftheirrelevancetotheneedsofBW,theirmanagersandstaff.VoiceoverInternetProtocol:“VoiceoverInternetProtocol(VoIP)isamethodologyandgroupoftechnologiesforthedeliveryof\o"Voicecommunication"voicecommunicationsand\o"Multimedia"multimediasessionsover\o"InternetProtocol"InternetProtocol(IP)networks,suchastheInternet.OthertermscommonlyassociatedwithVoIPareIPtelephony,Internettelephony,voiceoverbroadband(VoBB),broadbandtelephony,IPcommunications,andbroadbandphoneservice.”(Wikipedia,2013)ThegreatestbenefitofVoiceoverInternetProtocolisverycheap.Thiswillsavemoneyforthecompany.VoiceoverInternetProtocolservicesisvaried.VoiceoverInternetProtocoltransmissionmediaisdiversification.Cloudcomputing:“Cloud,orsomethingbeinginthecloud,isanexpressionusedtodescribeavarietyofdifferenttypesof\o"Computing"computingconceptsthatinvolvealargenumberofcomputersconnectedthroughareal-timecommunication\o"Computernetwork"networksuchasthe\o"Internet"Internet.”(Wikipedia,2013)Security,cloudcomputingprovidesthemostreliableandsecuredatastoragecenter;usersdon'thavetoworryaboutdataloss,suchasvirusinvasionoftrouble.Convenience,cloudcomputingequipmentrequirementsforclientsisthelowest,isthemostconvenientforyoutouse.TencentQQ:TencentQQistencentdevelopedinternet-basedinstantmessaging(IM)software.SupporttencentQQonlinechat,videophone,point-to-pointbreakpointcontinuinglyfiles,sharefiles,networkharddisk,custompanel,QQ,E-mailandotherfunctions,andcanbeconnectedtothemobilecommunicationterminalandothercommunicationmethods.EnterprisescanuseQQtocommunicatewithstaff,otherenterprises.Informationtransferfast,Sendingandreceivingmessageim