2022年高考沖刺英語(yǔ)試題(江蘇卷)

2013年高考英語(yǔ)試題（江蘇卷）第二部分:英語(yǔ)知識(shí)運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié),滿分35分)第一節(jié):單項(xiàng)填空(共15小題;每小題1分,滿分15分)21.Generally,studentsinnermotivationwithhighexpectationsfromothersessentialtotheirdevelopment.A.isB.areC.wasD.were【答案】A

【解析】句意：一般來說，為達(dá)到其他人的高期望而產(chǎn)生的內(nèi)部動(dòng)力對(duì)學(xué)生的自身發(fā)展是非常重要的。用with

并列兩個(gè)主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)和第一個(gè)主語(yǔ)motivation一致，應(yīng)該使用單數(shù)，從A,C中選。結(jié)合句首的關(guān)鍵詞generally和語(yǔ)境可知，說的是一個(gè)客觀事實(shí)故選一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)?！究键c(diǎn)】考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)，主謂一致22.—TheT-shirtIreceivedisnotthesameasisshownonline.—?ButIpromiseyouwe’lllookintoitrightaway.A.WhosaysB.HowcomeC.WhatforD.Whyworry【答案】B

【解析】根據(jù)句意：“我收到的T恤和網(wǎng)上看的不一樣”“怎么會(huì)呢？但我承諾我們會(huì)立刻調(diào)查”

A.誰(shuí)說的？選項(xiàng)本身就是錯(cuò)的，因?yàn)閟ay

通常為及物動(dòng)詞，其后要帶賓語(yǔ)，我們可以說：Who

says

so?

B.

How

come怎么會(huì)？怎么可能？（表驚訝、意外、不相信等）C.

What

for為什么（目的）？問原因或目的D.

Why

worry為什么要擔(dān)心？何苦呢？（不用擔(dān)心）。正確答案為：B

【考點(diǎn)】考查情景交際23.—Thetownissobeautiful!Ijustloveit.—Metoo.Thecharacterofthetowniswell.A.qualifiedB.preservedC.decoratedD.simplified【答案】B

【解析】句意：“這個(gè)城鎮(zhèn)很美，我喜歡”“我也喜歡，城鎮(zhèn)的特色被保存（preserved）的很好”qualified使具有資格；decorated裝飾；simplified簡(jiǎn)化。故選B

【考點(diǎn)】考查動(dòng)詞24.LionelMessitherecordforthemostgoalsinacalendaryear,isconsideredthemosttalentedfootballplayerinEurope.A.setB.settingC.tosetD.havingset【答案】D

【解析】句意：里奧內(nèi)爾·梅西在一年中創(chuàng)造了進(jìn)球最多的記錄，現(xiàn)在他被認(rèn)為是歐洲最有天賦的足球運(yùn)動(dòng)員。

本題考查分詞做狀語(yǔ)，判斷Messi和set

the

record的關(guān)系，

為主動(dòng)。set

the

record明顯發(fā)生于consider動(dòng)作之前，故有完成之意。Having

done表主動(dòng)，表完成，故D正確。

Done表被動(dòng)完成。

doing，表主動(dòng)，表兩個(gè)動(dòng)作同時(shí)進(jìn)行

to

do表目的或結(jié)果。

【考點(diǎn)】非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞25.—CouldIuseyourcartomorrowmorning?—Sure.Iareportathome.bewritinghavewrittenwrittenbeenwriting【答案】A

【解析】句意：---我明天早晨可以用你的小車子嗎？---當(dāng)然可以。（那個(gè)時(shí)候）我將會(huì)在家里寫一份報(bào)告。

此題考查主語(yǔ)在將來某一時(shí)刻或某一段時(shí)間內(nèi)在做某事。故應(yīng)選A，將來進(jìn)行時(shí)。B將來完成時(shí)

C

現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)寫好了

D

從過去到現(xiàn)在一直在寫。

【考點(diǎn)】考查時(shí)態(tài)26.IamalwaysdelightedwhenIreceiveanemailfromyou.ThepartyonJuly1stIshallbepleasedtoattend.A.OnaccountofB.InresponsetoC.InviewofD.Withregardto【答案】D

【解析】句意：每當(dāng)我收到你的電子郵件的時(shí)候，我總是會(huì)感到非常高興。至于七月一日的聚會(huì)，我會(huì)很高興參加的。

此題考查介詞短語(yǔ)辨析。A

因?yàn)?；B

對(duì)??作出回復(fù)/答復(fù)；

C

鑒于/考慮到；D

關(guān)于/至于/有關(guān)。故選D【考點(diǎn)】介詞短語(yǔ)27.“Neverforasecond,”theboysays,“thatmyfatherwouldcometomyrescue.”A.IdoubtedB.doIdoubtC.IhavedoubtedD.didIdoubt【答案】D

【解析】句意：我從來都沒有懷疑過我的爸爸會(huì)來救我。

此題考查倒裝句型。否定詞或否定短語(yǔ)位于句首，句子部分倒裝,

全句時(shí)態(tài)為過去時(shí)間（would）。故選D【考點(diǎn)】考查倒裝28.Intheglobaleconomy,anewdrugforcancer,itisdiscovered,willcreatemanyeconomicpossibilitiesaroundtheworld.A.whateverB.whoeverC.whereverD.whichever【答案】C

【解析】句意：在全球經(jīng)濟(jì)環(huán)境下，一種治癌新藥，無論在何地被發(fā)現(xiàn)，都將會(huì)在世界上創(chuàng)造出許多經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的可能性。

分析題干的句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，兩個(gè)逗號(hào)之間為讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，在_____it

is

discovered這一從句中，不缺少主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)，而A,B,D三個(gè)選項(xiàng)在引導(dǎo)狀語(yǔ)從句要做主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)，因此可以排除。Wherever引導(dǎo)狀語(yǔ)從句，在從句中做狀語(yǔ)?！究键c(diǎn)】考查狀語(yǔ)從句29.Teamleadersmustensurethatallmemberstheirnaturaldesiretoavoidtheembarrassmentassociatedwithmakingmistakes.A.getoverB.lookoverC.takeoverD.comeover【答案】A

【解析】句意：團(tuán)隊(duì)的負(fù)責(zé)人應(yīng)該確保所有的組員克制自己的自然欲望，從而避免產(chǎn)生與犯錯(cuò)相關(guān)的尷尬。

此題考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。get

over克服，克制，戰(zhàn)勝；look

over檢閱，檢查

take

over接收，接管；come

over過來，來訪，順便來訪。故選A

【考點(diǎn)】考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)30.IshouldnothavelaughedifIyouwereserious.A.thoughtB.wouldthinkC.hadthoughtD.havethought【答案】C

【解析】句意：如果我那時(shí)想到你是認(rèn)真的，我就不會(huì)笑了。

此題考查與過去事實(shí)相反的虛擬語(yǔ)氣。If從句使用過去完成式，主句使用would/should

have

done.

故正確答案：C

【考點(diǎn)】考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣aftersufferingfromamassiveearthquakeandtoruins,thecitytookonanewlook.A.reducingB.reducedC.beingreducedD.havingreduced【答案】C

【解析】句意：那座城市在遭受強(qiáng)震而變?yōu)閺U墟之后不久，就呈現(xiàn)出全新的面貌。

此題空白處與suffering為并列關(guān)系，同為after的賓語(yǔ)，應(yīng)用動(dòng)名詞形式。B可以排除。而reduce的固定搭配為reduce

sb./sth.

to

sth./doing

sth.

淪為，被迫使變?yōu)?。與主語(yǔ)the

city為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故選C【考點(diǎn)】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞32.ThepresidentoftheWorldBanksayshehasapassionforChina,heremembersstartingasearlyashischildhood.A.whereB.whichC.whatD.when【答案】B

【解析】句意：世界銀行行長(zhǎng)說他熱愛中國(guó)。他現(xiàn)在還記得他對(duì)中國(guó)的這種熱愛早有在童年時(shí)代就開始了。

此題考查非限定性定語(yǔ)從句。which引導(dǎo)非限定性定語(yǔ)從句，在從句中做remember的賓語(yǔ)，故選B【考點(diǎn)】考查定語(yǔ)從句33.Withinspirationfromotherfoodcultures,Americanfoodculturecantakea__________forthebetter.A.shareB.chanceC.turnD.lead【答案】C

【解析】句意：受其它飲食文化的啟發(fā)，美國(guó)的飲食文化可能會(huì)好轉(zhuǎn)。

此題考查短語(yǔ)搭配。根據(jù)句意是向更好的方向轉(zhuǎn)變或變得更好。而A，B，C，D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中只有C.

turn有轉(zhuǎn)變之意。take

a

turn

for

the

better=

change

for

the

better.

故正確答案為：C【考點(diǎn)】考查名詞34.—Whataboutyourselfdrivetripyesterday?—Tiring!Theroadisbeingwidened,andwearoughride.A.hadB.haveC.wouldhaveD.havehad【答案】A

【解析】句意：---你們昨天的自駕游如何？---累死人！路正在被拓寬，我們一路顛簸駕駛。

此題考查語(yǔ)境中的時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)上下文，對(duì)話所討論的事情是昨天發(fā)生的，所以一路顛簸駕駛也是昨天發(fā)生之事，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用一般過去時(shí)，故正確答案為A【考點(diǎn)】考查時(shí)態(tài)35.—Thankyoufortheflowers.—.Ithoughttheymightcheeryouup.A.That’srightB.AllrightC.ImallrightD.It’sallright【答案】D

【解析】句意：---謝謝你送的花。---不用謝/沒關(guān)系。我想這些花會(huì)讓你高興起來的。

此題考查口語(yǔ)交際。That’s

right這很對(duì)的；

all

right行，沒問題；

I’m

all

right我很好；

It’s

all

right

沒關(guān)系，不用謝=That’s

all

right.

故正確答案為D

【考點(diǎn)】考查情景交際第二節(jié):完形填空(共20小題;每小題1分,滿分20分)IusedtobelieveintheAmericanDream,whichmeantajob,amortgage(按揭),creditcards,success.Iwanteditandworkedtowarditlikeeveryoneelse,allofus36chasingthesamething.Oneyear,throughaseriesofunhappyevents,itallfell37.Ifoundmyselfhomelessandalone.Ihadmytruckand$56.I38thecountrysideforsomeplaceIcouldrentforthe39possibleamount.Icameuponashabbyhousefourmilesupawindingmountainroad40thePotomacRiverinWestVirginia.Itwas41,fullofbrokenglassandrubbish.Ifoundtheowner,rentedit,and42acornertocampin.Thelocalsknewnothingaboutme,43slowly,theystartedteachingmethe44ofbeinganeighbor.Theydroppedoffblankets,candles,andtools,andbegan45aroundtochat.Theystartedtoteachmeabeliefina46AmericanDream—nottheoneofindividualachievementbutof47.WhatIhadbelievedin,allthosethingsIthoughtwere48foracivilizedlife,werenonexistentinthisplace.49onthemountain,mymostvaluablepossessionsweremy50withmyneighbors.Fouryearslater,Imovedbackinto51.Isawmanypeoplewerehavingareallyhardtime,52theirjobsandhomes.Imanagedtorentabigenoughhouseto53ahandfulofpeople.Therearefourofusnowinthehouse,butovertimeI’vehadninepeoplecomeinandmoveontootherplaces.We’dallbein54ifwehadn’tbandedtogether.TheAmericanDreamIbelieveinnowisasharedone.It’snotsomuchaboutwhatIcangetformyself;it’sabout55wecanallgetbytogether.36.A.separatelyB.equallyC.violentlyD.Naturally【答案】A

【解析】空前提到，與每個(gè)人一樣，我也想得到這些并且在朝它努力，由此結(jié)合空后及選項(xiàng)可知，我們都在分別追尋同樣的東西。Separately分別地，單獨(dú)地，符合題意。故選A【考點(diǎn)】考查副詞37.A.offB.apartC.overD.out【答案】B

【解析】fall

off

跌落，下降；fall

apart

破碎，破滅；fall

over

跌倒，摔了一跤；fall

out脫落，爭(zhēng)吵。根據(jù)“through

a

series

of

unhappy

events”可知，此處指作者的夢(mèng)想都破滅了。

【考點(diǎn)】考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)38.A.crossedB.leftC.touredD.searched【答案】C

【解析】空前提到，作者無家可歸，只剩下一輛卡車和56美元，由此結(jié)合空后內(nèi)容可知，此處指的是作者在鄉(xiāng)下搜尋可以租住的房子。search搜尋，搜查，和for

連用?！究键c(diǎn)】考查動(dòng)詞39.A.fullestB.largestC.fairestD.cheapest【答案】D

【解析】由于作者只剩下56美元，只能找最便宜的房子來租住。故選cheapest?！究键c(diǎn)】考查形容詞40.A.atB.throughC.overD.round【答案】D

【解析】在西弗吉尼亞州托馬克河的上方，作者順著蜿蜒的山路走了四公里后發(fā)現(xiàn)了一座破房子。Over有“在…之上”的含義。【考點(diǎn)】考查介詞41.A.occupiedB.abandonedC.emptiedD.robbed【答案】B

【解析】空后提到，里面充滿了碎玻璃和垃圾，由此可知，這座破房子被遺棄了，abandoned被遺棄的；occupied被占領(lǐng)的；

emptied被清空了；robbed

被搶劫的【考點(diǎn)】考查形容詞42.A.turnedB.approachedC.clearedD.cut【答案】C

【解析】里面有臟有亂，因此作者進(jìn)行了清理，cleared符合題意【考點(diǎn)】考查動(dòng)詞43.A.butB.althoughC.otherwiseD.for【答案】A

【解析】空前提到，起初當(dāng)?shù)厝藢?duì)我一無所知，后來開始教給我一些鄰里的藝術(shù)，所以空白處表示轉(zhuǎn)折，由此選A.

but【考點(diǎn)】考查連詞44.A.benefitB.lessonC.natureD.art【答案】D

【解析】結(jié)合43空，可知后來開始教給我一些鄰里相處的藝術(shù)?！究键c(diǎn)】考查名詞45.A.stickingB.lookingC.swingingD.turning【答案】A

【解析】stick

around意為：逗留，在附近徘徊；look

around轉(zhuǎn)身；根據(jù)空后的chat可知，

他們送來了毯子，蠟燭等并留下來和我聊天，因此A符合語(yǔ)境?！究键c(diǎn)】考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)46.A.wildB.realC.differentD.remote【答案】C

【解析】根據(jù)下文的not

the

one

of

individual

achievement可知，鄰居們教給作者一個(gè)不同的美國(guó)夢(mèng)，因此different符合題意，故選C?！究键c(diǎn)】考查形容詞47.A.neighborlinessB.happinessC.friendlinessD.kindness【答案】A

【解析】根據(jù)空前not

the

one

of

individual

achievement

but…

注意not…but的轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，美國(guó)夢(mèng)不是個(gè)人的成就，而是和睦的鄰里?！究键c(diǎn)】考查名詞48.A.uniqueB.expensiveC.rareD.necessary【答案】D

【解析】結(jié)合下文可知，作者之前相信的那些文明生活所必需的東西在這個(gè)地方完全不存在?！究键c(diǎn)】考查形容詞49.A.UpB.DownC.DeepD.Along【答案】A

【解析】上文第40空前提到

“up

a

winding

mountain

road”,由此可知此處是指在山上，up符合題意?！究键c(diǎn)】考查副詞50.A.cooperationB.relationshipsC.satisfactionD.appointments【答案】B

【解析】由文章可知，作者窮困潦倒地來到這個(gè)地方，得到鄰里的幫助，所以和鄰居的友好關(guān)系（relationships）是他最珍貴的財(cái)產(chǎn)。cooperation合作；satisfaction滿意；appointments任命，約定【考點(diǎn)】考查名詞51.A.realityB.societyC.townD.life【答案】C

【解析】根據(jù)文章第二段，作者經(jīng)歷了一系列讓人不愉快的事件之后，才在偏遠(yuǎn)的地方租住了最便宜的房子，空前I

moved

back

into可知，他搬回了市區(qū)【考點(diǎn)】考查名詞52.A.creatingB.losingC.quittingD.offering【答案】B

【解析】空前，作者看到很多人having

a

really

hard

time,

推知后面是失去工作和家園，故選C?！究键c(diǎn)】考查動(dòng)詞53.A.putinB.turninC.takeinD.getin【答案】C

【解析】前空很多人失去家園，作者租了一個(gè)大房子以收留這些無家可歸的人take

in

收留；put

in

提出，提交；turn

in

交上，歸還；get

in

進(jìn)入，陷入。故選C.【考點(diǎn)】考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)54.A.yardsB.sheltersC.campsD.cottages【答案】B

【解析】上文提到我們4個(gè)人住在一起，如果不團(tuán)結(jié)起來就只能去避難所了。shelter避難所；yards院子；camps宿營(yíng)；cottages小屋，村舍。B符合題意

【考點(diǎn)】考查名詞55.A.whenB.whatC.whetherD.how【答案】B

【解析】在作者看來，美國(guó)夢(mèng)是一個(gè)分享的夢(mèng)，不是單獨(dú)一個(gè)人得到什么，而是怎樣才能團(tuán)結(jié)在一起去得到它們，空白處表方式，how符合題意?！究键c(diǎn)】考查連詞第三部分:閱讀理解(共15小題;每小題2分,滿分30分)56.TheleafletistoinformvisitorsofthePark’s________A.advancedmanagementB.thrillperformancesC.entertainmentfacilitiesD.thoughtfulservices【答案】D

【解析】通讀全文可知，短文主要講述公園所提供的一些服務(wù)，非常全面周到。故選D【考點(diǎn)】推理判斷題57.AvisitortotheParkcan________.A.rentastrolleroutsideFrontGateB.askforfirstaidbyThunderRunC.smokeintheWaterParkD.leavehispetatKidZville【答案】B

【解析】根據(jù)First

aidIf

you

need

medical

assistance,

tell

any

park

employee

who

will

call

First

Aid

and

have

them

come

to

your

location.可知在公園的任何地方受傷，都可以得到急救，故選B.【考點(diǎn)】細(xì)節(jié)理解題BWe’veconsideredseveralwaysofpayingtocutinline:hiringlinestanders,buyingticketsfromscalpers(票販子),orpurchasinglinecuttingprivilegesdirectlyfrom,say,anairlineoranamusementpark.Eachofthesedealsreplacesthemoralsofthequeue(waitingyourturn)withthemoralsofthemarket(payingapriceforfasterservice).Marketsandqueues—payingandwaiting—aretwodifferentwaysofallocatingthings,andeachisappropriatetodifferentactivities.Themoralsofthequeue,“Firstcome,firstserved,”haveanegalitarian(平等主義的)appeal.Theytellustoignoreprivilege,power,anddeeppockets.Theprincipleseemsrightonplaygroundsandatbusstops.Butthemoralsofthequeuedonotgovernalloccasions.IfIputmyhouseupforsale,Ihavenodutytoacceptthefirstofferthatcomesalong,simplybecauseit’sthefirst.Sellingmyhouseandwaitingforabusaredifferentactivities,properlygovernedbydifferentstandards.Sometimesstandardschange,anditisunclearwhichprincipleshouldapply.Thinkoftherecordedmessageyouhear,playedoverandover,asyouwaitonholdwhencallingyourbank:“Yourcallwillbeansweredintheorderinwhichitwasreceived.”Thisisessentialforthemoralsofthequeue.It’sasifthecompanyistryingtoeaseourimpatiencewithfairness.Butdon’ttaketherecordedmessagetooseriously.Today,somepeople’scallsareansweredfasterthanothers.Callcentertechnologyenablescompaniesto“score”incomingcallsandtogivefasterservicetothosethatcomefromrichplaces.Youmightcallthistelephonicqueuejumping.Ofcourse,marketsandqueuesarenottheonlywaysofallocatingthings.Somegoodswedistributebymerit,othersbyneed,stillothersbychance.However,thetendencyofmarketstoreplacequeues,andothernon-marketwaysofallocatinggoodsissocommoninmodernlifethatwescarcelynoticeitanymore.Itisstrikingthatmostofthepaidqueue-jumpingschemeswe’veconsidered—atairportsandamusementparks,incallcenters,doctors’offices,andnationalparks—arerecentdevelopments,scarcelyimaginablethreedecadesago.Thedisappearanceofthequeuesintheseplacesmayseemanunusualconcern,butthesearenottheonlyplacesthatmarketshaveentered.58.Accordingtotheauthor,whichofthefollowingseemsgovernedbytheprinciple“Firstcome,firstserved”?A.Takingbuses.B.Buyinghouses.C.Flyingwithanairline.D.Visitingamusementparks.【答案】A

【解析】文章第三段開頭提到The

principle

seems

right

on

playgrounds

and

at

bus

stops.可知A正確?！究键c(diǎn)】細(xì)節(jié)理解題59.TheexampleoftherecordedmessageinParagraphs4and5illustrates.A.thenecessityofpatienceinqueuingB.theadvantageofmoderntechnologyC.theuncertaintyofallocationprincipleD.thefairnessoftelephonicservices【答案】C

【解析】第四段和第五段所講的例子，一個(gè)符合先到先接受服務(wù)的原則，另一個(gè)不符合。由此可知，分配原則的不確定性?！究键c(diǎn)】推理判斷題60.Thepassageismeantto.A.justifypayingforfasterservicesB.discussthemoralsofallocatingthingsC.analyzethereasonforstandinginlineD.criticizethebehaviorofqueuejumping【答案】B

【解析】從文章第一段最后Each

of

these

deals

replaces

the

morals

of

the

queue

(waiting

your

turn)

with

the

morals

of

the

market

(paying

a

price

for

faster

service).并結(jié)合全文可知，文章主要討論事物分配的道德方面的內(nèi)容。故選B.【考點(diǎn)】主旨大意題CIfadiversurfacestooquickly,hemaysufferthebends.Nitrogen(氮)dissolved(溶解)inhisbloodissuddenlyliberatedbythereductionofpressure.Theconsequence,ifthebubbles(氣泡)accumulateinajoint,issharppainandabsentbody—thusthename.Ifthebubblesforminhislungsorhisbrain,theconsequencecanbedeath.Otherair-breathinganimalsalsosufferthisdecompression(減壓)sicknessiftheysurfacetoofast:whales,forexample.Andso,longago,didichthyosaurs.Thattheseancientseaanimalsgotthebendscanbeseenfromtheirbones.Ifbubblesofnitrogenforminsidethebonetheycancutoffitsbloodsupply.Thiskillsthecellsinthebone,andconsequentlyweakensit,sometimestothepointofcollapse.Fossil(化石)bonesthathavecavedinonthemselvesarethusasignthattheanimaloncehadthebends.BruceRothschildoftheUniversityofKansasknewallthiswhenhebeganastudyofichthyosaurbonestofindouthowwidespreadtheproblemwasinthepast.Whatheparticularlywantedtoinvestigatewashowichthyosaursadaptedtotheproblemofdecompressionoverthe150millionyears.Tothisend,heandhiscolleaguestraveledtheworld’snatural-historymuseums,lookingathundredsofichthyosaursfromtheTriassicperiodandfromthelaterJurassicandCretaceousperiods.Whenhestarted,heassumedthatsignsofthebendswouldberarerinyoungerfossils,reflectingtheirgradualevolutionofmeasurestodealwithdecompression.Instead,hewasastonishedtodiscovertheopposite.Morethan15%ofJurassicandCretaceousichthyosaurshadsufferedthebendsbeforetheydied,butnotasingleTriassicspecimen(標(biāo)本)showedevidenceofthatsortofinjury.Ifichthyosaursdidevolveananti-decompressionmeans,theyclearlydidsoquickly—and,moststrangely,theylostitafterwards.ButthatisnotwhatDrRothschildthinkshappened.Hesuspectsitwasevolutioninotheranimalsthatcausedthechange.Whalesthatsufferthebendsoftendosobecausetheyhavesurfacedtoescapeapredator(捕食動(dòng)物)suchasalargeshark.OneofthefeaturesofJurassicoceanswasanabundanceoflargesharksandcrocodiles,bothofwhichwerefondofichthyosaurlunches.Triassicoceans,bycontrast,weremercifullyshark-andcrocodile-free.IntheTriassic,then,ichthyosaursweretopofthefoodchain.IntheJurassicandCretaceous,theywereprey(獵物)aswellaspredator—andoftenhadtomakeaspeedyexitasaresult.61.Whichofthefollowingisatypicalsymptomofthebends?A.Atwistedbody.B.Agradualdecreaseinbloodsupply.C.Asuddenreleaseofnitrogeninblood.D.Adropinbloodpressure.【答案】A

【解析】根據(jù)文章第一段提到if

the

bubbles

(氣泡)

accumulate

in

a

joint,

is

sharp

pain

and

a

bent

body—thus

the

name.由此可知，扭曲身體是屈肢癥的典型癥狀之一，故選A?！究键c(diǎn)】細(xì)節(jié)理解題62.ThepurposeofRothschild’sstudyistosee________.A.howoftenichthyosaurscaughtthebendsB.howichthyosaursadaptedtodecompressionC.whyichthyosaursbenttheirbodiesD.whenichthyosaursbroketheirbones【答案】B

【解析】文章第三段提到What

he

particularly

wanted

to

investigate

was

how

ichthyosaurs

adaptedto

the

problem

of

decompression

over

the

150

million

years.由此可知，Bruce

Rothschild研究的目的在于弄清楚魚龍是怎樣來適應(yīng)減壓?jiǎn)栴}的。故選B。【考點(diǎn)】細(xì)節(jié)理解題63.Rothschild’sfindingstatedinParagraph4.A.confirmedhisassumptionB.speededuphisresearchprocessC.disagreedwithhisassumptionD.changedhisresearchobjectives【答案】C

【解析】文章第四段提到When

he

started,

he

assumed

that

signs

of

the

bends

would

be

rarer

in

younger

fossils,

reflecting

their

gradual

evolution

of

measures

to

deal

with

decompression.

Instead,

he

was

astonished

to

discover

the

opposite.

由此可知，他的發(fā)現(xiàn)與他最初的設(shè)想并不一致。故選C.

【考點(diǎn)】考查連詞64.Rothschildmighthaveconcludedthatichthyosaurs.A.failedtoevolveanantidecompressionmeansB.graduallydevelopedmeasuresagainstthebendsC.diedoutbecauseoflargesharksandcrocodilesD.evolvedanantidecompressionmeansbutsoonlostit【答案】A

【解析】文章第五段提到If

ichthyosaurs

did

evolve

an

anti-decompression

means,

they

clearly

did

soquickly—and,

most

strangely,

they

lost

it

afterwards.由此可知，魚龍沒有進(jìn)化成減壓的方式，A與文章相符【考點(diǎn)】推理判斷題DMarkTwainhasbeencalledtheinventoroftheAmericannovel.Andhesurelydeservesadditionalpraise:themanwhopopularizedthecleverliteraryattackonracism.Isaycleverbecauseanti-slaveryfictionhadbeentheimportantpartoftheliteratureintheyearsbeforetheCivilWar.H.B.Stowe’sUncleTom’sCabinisonlythemostfamousexample.Theseearlystoriesdealtdirectlywithslavery.Withminorexceptions,Twainplantedhisattacksonslaveryandprejudiceintotalesthatwereonthesurfaceaboutsomethingelseentirely.Hedrewhisreadersintotheargumentbydrawingthemintothestory.Againandagain,inthepostwaryears,Twainseemedforcedtodealwiththechallengeofrace.Considerthemostcontroversial,atleasttoday,ofTwain’snovels,AdventuresofHuckleberryFinn.OnlyafewbookshavebeenkickedofftheshelvesasoftenasHuckleberryFinn,Twain’smostwidelyreadtale.Onceuponatime,peoplehatedthebookbecauseitstruckthemasrude.Twainhimselfwrotethatthosewhobannedthebookconsideredthenovel“trashandsuitableonlyfortheslums(貧民窟).”MorerecentlythebookhasbeenattackedbecauseofthecharacterJim,theescapedslave,andmanyoccurrencesofthewordnigger.(ThetermNiggerJim,forwhichthenovelisoftenseverelycriticized,neverappearsinit.)Buttheattackswereandaresilly—andmissthepoint.Thenovelisstronglyanti-slavery.Jim’ssearchthroughtheslavestatesforthefamilyfromwhomhehasbeenforciblypartedisheroic.AsJ.Chadwickhaspointedout,thecharacterofJimwasafirstinAmericanfiction—arecognitionthattheslavehadtwopersonalities,“thevoiceofsurvivalwithinawhiteslavecultureandthevoiceoftheindividual:Jim,thefatherandtheman.”Thereismuchmore.Twain’smysterynovelPudd’nheadWilsonstoodasachallengetotheracialbeliefsofevenmanyoftheliberalsofhisday.WrittenatatimewhentheacceptedwisdomheldNegroestobeinferior(低等的)towhites,especiallyinintelligence,Twain’stalecenteredinpartaroundtwobabiesswitchedatbirth.Aslavegavebirthtohermaster’sbabyand,forfearthatthechildshouldbesoldSouth,switchedhimforthemaster’sbabybyhiswife.Theslave’slight-skinnedchildwastakentobewhiteandgrewupwithboththeattitudesandtheeducationoftheslave-holdingclass.Themaster’swife’sbabywastakenforblackandgrewupwiththeattitudesandintonationsoftheslave.Thepointwasdifficulttomiss:nurture(養(yǎng)育),notnature,wasthekeytosocialstatus.Thefeaturesoftheblackmanthatprovidedthestuffofprejudice—mannerofspeech,forexample—were,toTwain,indicativeofnothingotherthantheconditioningthatslaveryforcedonitsvictims.Twain’sracialtonewasnotperfect.Oneisleftuneasy,forexample,bythelengthypassageinhisautobiography(自傳)abouthowmuchhelovedwhatwerecalled“niggershows”inhisyouth—mostlywithwhitemenperforminginblack-face—andhisdelightingettinghismothertolaughatthem.YetthereisnoreasontothinkTwainsawtheshowsasrepresentingreality.Hisfrequentattacksonslaveryandprejudicesuggesthiskeenawarenessthattheydidnot.WasTwainaracist?Askingthequestioningthe21stcenturyisaswiseasaskingthesameofLincoln.Ifwereadthewordsandattitudesofthepastthroughthe“wisdom”oftheconsideredmoraljudgmentsofthepresent,wewillfindnothingbuterror.Lincoln,whobelievedtheblackmantheinferiorofthewhite,foughtandwonawartofreehim.AndTwain,raisedinaslavestate,brieflyasoldier,andinventorofJim,mayhavedonemoretoangerthenationoverracialinjusticeandawakenitscollectiveconsciencethananyothernovelistinthepastcentury.65.HowdoTwain’snovelsonslaverydifferfromStowes?A.Twainwasmorewillingtodealwithracism.B.Twain’sattackonracismwasmuchlessopen.C.Twain’sthemesseemedtoagreewithplots.D.Twainwasopenlyconcernedwithracism.【答案】B

【解析】文章第二段H.

B.

Stowe’s

Uncle

Tom’s

Cabin

is

only

the

most

famous

example.

These

early

stories

dealt

directly

with

slavery.

With

minor

exceptions,

Twain

planted

his

attacks

on

slavery

and

prejudice

into

tales

that

were

on

the

surface

about

something

else

entirely.可知，

Stowe的作品是直接抨擊奴隸制度，而馬克吐溫的作品則把對(duì)奴隸制度的歧視和攻擊融入故事中，而表面上看這些攻擊完全是一些其他方面的內(nèi)容，馬克吐溫的寫作手法更隱蔽些。故選B?！究键c(diǎn)】細(xì)節(jié)理解題66.RecentcriticismofAdventuresofHuckleberryFinnarosepartlyfromits_____.A.targetreadersatthebottomB.antislaveryattitudeC.ratherimpolitelanguageD.frequentuseof“nigger”【答案】D

【解析】文章第三段提到because

of

the

character

Jim,

the

escaped

slave,

and

many

occurrences

of

the

word

nigger.

(The

term

Nigger

Jim,

for

which

the

novel

is

often

severely

criticized,

never

appears

in

it.)由此可知，批評(píng)是源于馬克吐溫在作品中頻繁使用nigger（黑鬼）一詞。故選D.【考點(diǎn)】細(xì)節(jié)理解題67.WhatbestprovesTwain’santislaverystandaccordingtotheauthor?A.Jim’ssearchforhisfamilywasdescribedindetail.B.Theslave’svoicewasfirstheardinAmericannovels.C.Jimgrewupintoamanandafatherinthewhiteculture.D.Twainsuspectedthattheslaveswerelessintelligent.【答案】C

【解析】文章第四段the

character

of

Jim

was

a

first

in

American

fiction—a

recognition

that

the

slave

had

two

personalities,

“the

voice

of

survival

within

a

white

slave

culture

and

the

voice

of

the

individual:

Jim,

the

father

and

the

man.”由此可知，吉姆在白人文化下成長(zhǎng)為一個(gè)男人和一個(gè)父親，這就是最能證明馬克吐溫反對(duì)奴隸主的立場(chǎng)。故選C【考點(diǎn)】細(xì)節(jié)理解題68.Thestoryoftwobabiesswitchedmainlyindicatesthat.A.slaveswereforcedtogiveuptheirbabiestotheirmastersB.slavesbabiescouldpickupslaveholders‵wayofspeakingC.blacks‵socialpositionwasshapedbyhowtheywerebroughtupD.blackswerebornwithcertainfeaturesofprejudice【答案】C

【解析】文章第六段提到The

point

was

difficult

to

miss:

nurture

(養(yǎng)育),

not

nature,

was

the

key

to

social

status.再結(jié)合第五段內(nèi)容，黑人的社會(huì)地位是由他們被撫養(yǎng)的方式所決定的，C符合題意?！究键c(diǎn)】推理判斷題69.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“they”inParagraph7referto?A.Theattacks.B.Slaveryandprejudice.C.Whitemen.D.Theshows.【答案】D

【解析】在第七段中，根據(jù)劃線單詞前there

is

no

reason

to

think

Twain

saw

the

shows

as

representing

reality.可知，劃線詞they指代上文提到的shows，因此D符合題意【考點(diǎn)】推理判斷題70.Whatdoestheauthormainlyarguefor?A.Twainhaddonemorethanhiscontemporarywriterstoattackracism.B.TwainwasanadmirablefigurecomparabletoAbrahamLincoln.C.Twain’sworkshadbeenbannedonunreasonablegrounds.D.Twainsworksshouldbereadfromahistoricalpointofview.【答案】A

【解析】根據(jù)文章最后一段Twain,

raised

in

a

slave

state,

briefly

a

soldier,

and

inventor

of

Jim,may

have

done

more

to

anger

the

nation

over

racial

injustice

and

awaken

its

collective

conscience

than

any

other

novelist

in

the

past

century.可知，馬克吐溫在攻擊種族主義方面比同時(shí)代的其他小說家做地更多。故選A。

【考點(diǎn)】推理判斷題第四部分:任務(wù)型閱讀(共10小題;每小題1分,滿分10分)請(qǐng)認(rèn)真閱讀下列短文,并根據(jù)所讀內(nèi)容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一個(gè)最恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~。注意:請(qǐng)將答案寫在答題卡上相應(yīng)題號(hào)的橫線上。每個(gè)空格只填一個(gè)單詞。QuietVirtue:TheConscientiousTheeverydaysignsofconscientiousness(認(rèn)真盡責(zé))—beingpunctual,carefulindoingwork,self-disciplined,andscrupulous(一絲不茍的)inattendingtoresponsibilities—aretypicalcharacteristicsofthemodelorganizationalcitizen,thepeoplewhokeepthingsrunningastheyshould.Theyfollowtherules,helpout,andareconcernedaboutthepeopletheyworkwith.It’stheconscientiousworkerwhohelpsnewcomersorupdatespeoplewhoreturnafteranabsence,whogetstoworkontimeandneverabusessickleaves,whoalwaysgetsthingsdoneondeadline.Conscientiousnessisakeytosuccessinanyfield.Instudiesofjobperformance,outstandingeffectivenessforalmostalljobs,fromsemi-skilledlabortosalesandmanagement,dependsonconscientiousness.Itisparticularlyimportantforoutstandingperformanceinjobsatthelowerlevelsofanorganization:thesecretarywhosemessagetakingisperfect,thedeliverytruckdriverwhoisalwaysontime.AmongsalesrepresentativesforalargeAmericancarmanufacturer,thosewhoweremostconscientioushadthelargestvolumeofsales.Conscientiousnessalsooffersabuffer(緩沖)againstthethreatofjoblossintoday’sconstantlychangingmarket,becauseemployeeswiththisqualityareamongthemostvalued.Forthesalesrepresentatives,theirlevelofcon