高考短文改錯(cuò)增添問題培元中學(xué)-學(xué)習(xí)任務(wù)單

培元中學(xué)1①連詞缺?。篴ndbutso②冠詞（thea/an）的缺省：*the特指雙方熟悉，上文已提及，世上獨(dú)無二，序數(shù)，某些專有名，一類或一家。*不定冠詞a/an泛指單數(shù)或首清是否。*冠詞的固定搭配。做形式賓語：A主語+believefindfeelthink/guess/suppose/makeit+adj.+不定式/動(dòng)名詞/從句Bhate/like/dislike/appreciate/dependon/relyon/count⑤小品詞to⑥關(guān)于助動(dòng)詞和be動(dòng)詞的缺省：*關(guān)注將來時(shí)態(tài)的will缺省，*完成時(shí)態(tài)的中be的缺省。23一.命題原則：遵循5個(gè)原則1個(gè)陷井。以改動(dòng)一詞為原則：一般情況，每句至多有2處錯(cuò)誤，每處只改動(dòng)一詞。即但放到整個(gè)語篇中考慮就會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)該句中就存在不合符邏輯的地方，所以此時(shí)一定要結(jié)合語篇進(jìn)行全面分析。二．設(shè)錯(cuò)的特六個(gè)字:錯(cuò)詞,多詞,缺詞.即錯(cuò)詞更正,缺詞添加,多詞刪除,只修改一三．考點(diǎn)分從詞法上看,主要考查:時(shí)態(tài),語態(tài),非謂語動(dòng)詞及情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的用法,名詞,代詞的數(shù)和格;冠詞的基本用法;形容詞,副詞的;主謂一致;連詞和關(guān)系詞的使用等.從句法上看,涉及到簡(jiǎn)單句,從行文邏輯上看,人物的及與之相對(duì)應(yīng)的代詞,句義的并列與轉(zhuǎn)折,四.解題方法:整篇理解,分句解題.五.錯(cuò)誤類型分析（一）.漏詞：句中漏掉了系動(dòng)詞,冠詞,物主代詞,介詞及不定式符號(hào)等漏不定冠詞的?？汲橄竺~前通常不用冠詞，但具體化了的抽象名詞已成為可數(shù)名詞，使用時(shí)前面常漏掉不定冠詞。 Itispleasuretohelpotherswhentheyareinpleasure具體化了已成為可數(shù)名詞,又如：Itisagreathonortodosth，successfailure物質(zhì)名coffee,drink,tea,beer等表示“”時(shí)，已轉(zhuǎn)化為Eg.Iwouldlikecoffeeandtwocoffee具體化了已成為可數(shù)名詞,常用的含不定冠詞的固定搭配和習(xí)慣用法Twiceaweek,adayortwo,onceinawhile,allofasudden,onceuponaasamatteroffact,inaloudvoice,inaword,catch/have/getacold,doagooddeed,gooutforawalk,haveagoodtime,makeaface,takeaseat,asaresult,haveafever,inahurry,agreatmany,afterawhile,haveaneffecton,payavisitto,havearest，makeadifferenceto,漏定冠詞的?？急硎咎祗w方位樂器等名詞前面以及序數(shù)詞形容詞前面漏掉定冠詞@Theskyisblueandsunis@hisdaughterplayspianovery@whatnewsubjectwillwehaveinfirstgrade（析：上述句子缺少定冠詞固定結(jié)構(gòu)或習(xí)慣用法短語沒有記牢導(dǎo)致漏掉定冠Eg.@hewasbornin1990’sandmovedtoAmericain常用的含定冠詞的固定搭配和習(xí)慣用 +比較級(jí)…the+比較級(jí) /day/week/month/year/kilo等計(jì)量名詞，inthe1990’s,atthebeginningof,tolyouthetruth,withthehelpof,atthemoment,attheageof,bytheway,atthetime,taketheplaceof,inthedistance,intheend,theotherday,ontheotherhand,themorebeautifulofthetwins,thewholeweekend,ontheInternet,inthemorning/afternoon/evening,inthelast/pastfiveyears,therestof,onthecontrary漏掉不定式符號(hào)使役動(dòng)詞和感官動(dòng)詞在主動(dòng)語態(tài)中被省略的賓語補(bǔ)足語的不定式符號(hào)變?yōu)檎Z態(tài)時(shí)，往往漏掉不定式符號(hào)toEg.Hewasmadeworkdayandnightinthe（workto用不定式代替上文提到的動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語時(shí)應(yīng)保留不定式符號(hào)to，但測(cè)試中往往漏掉不定式符to。Eg. Iaskedhimtoplayfootball,buthedidn’t（析：wantto TheteacherallowedLiMingtodotheexperiment,butIallowed(析：第二個(gè)allowed后加to在某個(gè)謂語動(dòng)詞之后又出現(xiàn)一個(gè)動(dòng)詞的原型，此時(shí)往往漏掉了不定式符號(hào)toEg@ Icameherebuythebookyoumentionedyesterday.(析：here后加to)在某些特殊動(dòng)詞之后必須接不定式作賓語時(shí)，往往漏掉了不定式符號(hào)Eg.@ Everyonewantsseethefilm.(析：wants后加to) Theboyexpectedbetakentothe（析： 后加to此類動(dòng)詞主要有want,hope,expect,intend,manage,plan,afford,ask,attempt,decide,offer,pretend,promise,refuse,wish,agree等要接不定式作賓特殊句式要牢記 ittakessbsometimetodosth havenochoicebuttodosth ...tooadj/advtodosth ...adj/adv+enoughtodosth itis+adjfor/ofsbtodoEg. Theenemyhadnochoicebutlaydowntheir（析： 后加to Ittookhimtenminutesgettoschool（析： 后加to Sheistooyoungtakecareof（析： 后加to Itwasverydifficultforachildworkoutthis（析：child后加to受定向思維干擾can/could之 Hisstep-motherdidallshecouldhelphim(析:could后加to,原句補(bǔ)充完整Hisstep-motherdidallshecoulddotohelphim)4．漏掉了系動(dòng)詞，助動(dòng)詞(do/does/did/have/has/had等)和情態(tài)動(dòng)Eg.@ TheyeagertoknoweverythingaboutChina.(析：eager前加are)@Thisbridge18meterslong(析：bridge后加is@Iveryhappytomeetyou(析：I后加am@Hismotherdiedwhenhe19yearsold(析： 后加was@OnlythenIrealizethatIwas(Only+Idid@Onlyinthiswayweworkoutthe(析：Only+前加can@TheylivedinBeijingsince(析： 后加 5．漏介詞：漏掉介詞主要表現(xiàn)為介詞的用法錯(cuò)誤，因此我們要掌握介詞的一些基本用法和含義，注意其固定搭配以及作定語用的動(dòng)詞不定式如果是不及物動(dòng)詞，其后的介詞不能漏掉等。 Noneofusknowswhotheoldmandepends.(析：depends后加on) Everychildistakengood(析：care 后加of) Theiceistoothintoskate.(析：skate后加on) Themusicisniceto(析： 后加to Wehavetofindahotostay.(析：stay后加in) Thisiswhatheisworrying(析： 后加about Theseproblemsoughttobepaidspecialattention.(析：attention 后加to) Everyminuteshouldbemadefull(析：useof Thispictureisworthlooking.(析：looking后加at) Hecameonfootinsteadofcar(析： 后加by Someofmyclassmateslookdownme.(析：down后加on) Hewaspraisedbecausewhathehaddoneforthedisabledboy(析： 后加of常見的易漏掉介詞的短語：arrivein/at,stickto,insiston,belongto,stareat,glareat,objectto,lookforwardto,payattentionto,makeuseof,catchupleadto,resultin,resultfrom,lookdownupon,takepartin,lookafter,takecareof,walkoutof,lookoutof,breakawayfrom,watchoutfor,preparefor,dependon,listento,lookfor,accordingto,asfor,forthepurposeof,owingto,dueto,apartfrom,forfearof,inadditionto,insteadof,becauseof,asaresultof,incaseof,inspiteof,thanksto,takepridein,beproudof,playtrickson,showaninterestin,bedifferentfrom,arguewith,beworriedabout,beashamedof,thanksbfor ngsth,besorryfor ngsth,apologizetosbforngsth,forgivesbfor ngsth,respondto,referto,have…in