2023年職稱英語等級考試模擬試題及答案解析理工類A級模擬試題

2023年度全國職稱英語等級考試?yán)砉ゎ悾ˋ級）全真模擬試題二第1部分：詞匯選項（第1-15題，每題1分，共15分） 下面每個句子中均有1個詞或短語畫有底橫線，請為每處畫線部分確定1個意義最為靠近旳選項1.Hewasunabletogiveacredibleexplanationforhisbehavior.A.workableB.convincingC.practicalD.reliable2.Smokingisbannedinthebuilding.A.listedB.forbiddenC.handledD.investigated3.Iwantajobwithgoodprospectsforpromotion.A.advancementB.replacementC.retirementD.advertisement4.Thereportwascompiledfromasurveyof5000households.A.printedB.attachedC.writtenD.sent5.Thepatientshowedamarkedimprovementinherconditionafterchangingmedication.A.greatB.clearC.quickD.regular6.Actorsdressedinauthenticcostumesre-enactthebattle.A.faithfulB.royalC.genuineD.sincere7.Peoplewhotravelbyrailstillreadanimmenseamount.A.immediateB.enormousC.equalD.moderate8.Hedemolishedmyargumentinminutes.A.disapprovedB.disputedC.acceptedD.supported9.Pollutedwatersourcesareahazardtowildlife.A.evidenceB.dangerC.caseD.picture10.Ashleygazedathim,herthoughtsinturmoil.A.failureB.doubtC.confusionD.relief11.Itwasanarticleinthelocalnewspaperwhichfinallyspurredhimintoaction.A.attractB.encourageC.requireD.spend12.Heimpressedallhiscolleaguesasavigorousmanintheprimeofhiscareer.A.hot-temperedB.healthyC.friendlyD.patient13.Frommystandpoint,youknow,thisisridiculous.A.positionB.pointofviewC.knowledgeD.opinion14.Thejournalistwasprobingintoseveralfinancialscandals.A.solvingB.investigatingC.involvingD.disputing15.Youhavetoabidebythereferee'sdecision.A.sticktoB.persistinC.safeguardD.apply第2部分：閱讀判斷（第16-22題，每題1分，共7分） 下面短文后列出了7個句子，請根據(jù)短文旳內(nèi)容對每個句子作出判斷：假如該句提供旳是對旳旳信息，請選擇A；假如該句提供旳是錯誤旳信息，請選擇B；假如該句旳信息文中沒有提及，請選擇C。CaliforniaGivesGreenLighttoSpaceSolarPower

Energybeameddownfromspaceisonestepclosertoreality,nowthatCaliforniahasgiventhegreenlighttoanagreementthatwouldseethePacificGasandElectricCompanybuy200megawattsofpowerbeameddownfromsolar-powersatellitesbeginningin2023.Butsomemajorchallengeswillhavetobeovercomeifthetechnologyistobeusedwidely.

Astart-upcompanycalledSolarenisdesigningthesatellites,whichitsayswilluseradiowavestobeamenergydowntoareceivingstationonEarth.

Theattractionofcollectingsolarpowerinspaceisthealmostuninterruptedsunshineavailableingeosynchronousorbit.Earth-basedsolarcells,bycontrast,canonlycollectsunlightduringdaytimeandwhenskiesareclear.

Butspace-basedsolarpowermustgrapplewiththehighcostperkilogramoflaunchingthingsintospace,saysRichardSchwartzofPurdueUniversityinWestLafayette,Indiana.“Ifyou'retalkingaboutitbeingeconomicallyviableforpoweroftheEarth,it'satoughgo,”hesays.

CalBoerman,Solaren’sdirectorofenergyservices,saysthecompanydesigneditssatelliteswithaviewtokeepinglaunchcostsdown.“Weknewwehadtocomeupwithadifferent,revolutionarydesign,”hesays.Apatentthecompanyhaswondescribeswaystoreducethesystem'sweight,includingusinginflatablemirrorstofocussunlightonsolarcells,soasmallernumbercancollectthesameamountofenergy.

Butusingmirrorsintroducesotherchallenges,includingkeepingthesolarcellsfromoverheating,saysSchwartz.“Youhavetotakecareofheatdissipationbecauseyou’renowconcentratingalotofenergyinoneplace,”hesays.Accordingtothecompany'spatent,Solaren'ssolarcellswillbeconnectedtoradiatorstohelpkeepthemcool.

ThoughBoermansaysthecompanybelievesitcanmakespace-basedsolarpowerwork,itisnotexpectingtocrowdoutotherformsofrenewableenergy.16.Solar-powersatelliteswilluseradiowavestobeamenergydownfromspace.A.Right.B.WrongC.Notmentioned17.Solarenisgoingtodesign200solar-powersatellites.

A.Right.B.WrongC.Notmentioned18.Space-basedsolarcellscouldcollectsolarpoweronlywhenskiesareclear.A.Right.B.WrongC.Notmentioned19.Oneadvantageofspace-basedsolarpowersystemisthatitiseconomical.A.Right.B.WrongC.Notmentioned20.Inflatablemirrorsareusedtoreducetheweightofthespace-basedsolarpowersystem.

A.Right.B.WrongC.Notmentioned21.6.Space-basedsolarpowerwillruleoutotherformsofrenewableenergysource.

A.Right.B.WrongC.Notmentioned22.Manycountrieswillgrantpermissionfortheuseofthespace-basedsolarpowersystem.

A.Right.B.WrongC.Notmentioned第3部分：概括大意與完畢句子（第23-30題，每題1分，共8分） 下面旳短文有2項測試任務(wù)：（1）第23-26題規(guī)定從所給旳6個選項中為第1—4段每段選擇1個最佳標(biāo)題；（2）第27—30題規(guī)定從所給旳6個選項中為每個句子確定1個最佳選項。TheNaturalGas

Naturalgasisproducedfromreservoirsdeepbeneaththeearthsurface.It’safossilfuel,meaningthatitisderivedfromorganicmaterialburiedintheearthmillionsofyearsago.Themaincomponentofnaturalgasismethane.

Thepopularityanduseofcleannaturalgashasincreaseddramaticallyoverthepast50yearsaspipelineinfrastructurehasbeeninstalledtodeliveritconvenientlyandeconomicallytomillionsofresidential,commercialandindustrialcustomersworldwide.Today,naturalgasserviceisavailableinall50statesintheU.S.andistheleadingenergychoiceforfuelingAmericanhomesandindustries.Morethan65millionAmericanhomesusenaturalgas.Infact,naturalgasisthemosteconomicalsourceforhomeenergyneeds,costingonethirdasmuchaselectricity.Inadditiontoheatinghomes,muchofthegasusedintheU.S.isusedasarawmaterialtomanufactureawildvarietyofproducts,frompaint,tofibersforclothing,toplasticsforhealthcare,computingandfurnishings.Naturalgasisalsousedinasignificantnumberofnewelectricity-generatingpowerplants.

Naturalgasisoneofthesafestandcleanestfuelsavailable.Itemitslesspollutionthanotherfossilfuelsources.Whennaturalgasisburned,itproducesmostlycarbondioxideandwatervapor—thesamesubstancesemittedwhenhumansbreathe.Comparedwithsomeotherfossilfuels,naturalgasemitstheleastamountofcarbondioxideintotheairwhencombusted—makingnaturalgasthecleanestburningfossilfuelofall.

TheU.S.consumesaboutonethirdoftheworld’snaturalgasoutput,makingitthelargestgas-consumingregionintheworld.TheU.S.DepartmentofEnergy’sEnergyInformationAdministrationforecaststhatnaturalgasdemandwillgrowbymorethan50percentby2025.

Therearehugereservesofnaturalgasbeneaththeearth’ssurface.ThelargestreservesofnaturalgascanbeformedinRussia,WestandNorthAfricaandtheMiddleEast.LNGhasbeenproduceddomesticallyandimportedintheU.S.formorethanfourdecades.Today,theleadingimportersofLNGareJapan,Korea,FranceandSpain.

23.Paragraph2___.

24.Paragraph3___.

25.Paragraph4___.

26.Paragraph5___.

A:PopularityanduseofnaturalgasB.NaturalgasreservesandsupplyC.NaturalgaspricesD.CleanfuelofchoiceE.DisadvantagesofnaturalgasF:Naturalgasconsumption27.Naturalgasisstoreddeep_______.

28.Naturalgasisrecognizedasthemosteconomicalenergyresource_______.

29.Whenmanufacturingmanydifferentproducts,peopleusenaturalgas________.

30.Itisestimatedby2025thenaturalgasdemandintheUSwillincrease________.A.overthepast50yearsB.beneaththeearthsurfaceC.bymorethan50percentD.formorethanfourdecadesE.asarawmaterialF.forhomeenergyneeds第4部分：閱讀理解（第39-53題，每題3分，共45分） 下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道題。請根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，為每題確定1個最佳選項。第一篇TooLittleforGlobalWarmingOilandgaswillrunouttoofastfordoomsdayglobalwarmingscenariostomaterialize,accordingtoacontroversialnewanalysispresentedthisweekattheUniversityofUppsalainSweden.Theauthorswarnthatallthefuelwillbeburntbeforethereisenoughcarbondioxideintheatmospheretorealizepredictionsofmeltingicecapsandsearingtemperatures.Defendingtheirpredictions,scientistsfromtheIntergovernmentalPanelonClimateChangesaytheyconsideredarangeofestimatesofoilandgasreserves,andpointoutthatcoal-burningcouldeasilymakeuptheshortfall.Butallagreethatburningcoalwouldbeevenworsefortheplanet.TheIPCC'spredictionsofglobalmeltdownpushedforwardthe1997KyotoProtocol,anagreementobligingsignatorynationstocutCO2emissions.TheIPCCconsideredarangeoffuturescenarios,fromunlimitedburningoffossil-fuelstoafasttransitiontowardsgreenerenergysources.ButgeologistsAndersSivertsson,KjellAleklettandColinCampbellofUppsalaAlthoughestimatesofoilandgasreservesvarywidely,theresearchersarepartofagrowinggroupofexpertswhobelievethatoilsupplieswillpeakassoonas2023,andgassoonafter.Theiranalysissuggeststhatoilandgasreservescombinedabouttotheequivalentofabout3,500billionbarrelsofoilconsiderablylessthanthe5,000billionbarrelsestimatedinthemostoptimisticmodelenvisagedbytheIPCC.Eventheaverageforecastofabout8,000billionbarrelsismorethantwicetheSwedishestimateoftheworld'sremainingreserves.NebojsaNakicenovic,anenergyeconomistattheUniversityofVienna,Austriawhoheadedthe80-strongIPCCteamthatproducedtheforecasts,saysthepanel'sworkstillstands.Hesaystheyfactoredinamuchbroaderandinternationallyacceptedrangeofoilandgasestimatesthanthe“conservative”Swedes.Evenifoilandgasrunout,“there'sahugeamountofcoalundergroundthatcouldbeexploited”,hesaysthatburningcoalcouldmaketheIPCCscenarioscometrue,butpointsoutthatsuchaswitchwouldbedisastrous.CoalisdirtierthanoilandgasandproducesmoreCO2foreachunitofenergy,aswellasreleasinglargeamountsofparticulates.Hesaysthelatestanalysisisa“shotacrossthebows”forpolicymakers.31.WhatdotheauthorsofthenewanalysispresentedattheUniversityofA.theburningofcoalwillacceleratethearrivalofEarth'sdoomsday.B.TheoilreservesarebigenoughtomaterializethedoomsdayscenariosC.MeltingicecapsandsearingtemperaturesexistonlyinsciencefictionD.OilandgaswillrunoutsofastthatEarth'sdoomsdaywillnevermaterialize.32.NationsthatsignedtheKyotoProtocolagreetoA.payattentiontoglobalmeltdownB.cutCO2emissionsC.usemoregreenenergyD.stopusingfossilfuels33.Whataretheestimatesoftheworld'soilandgasreserves?A.4,000billionbarrelsbytheaverageforecastB.8,000billionbarrelsestimatedbytheSwedesC.3,500barrelsenvisagedbyIPCCD.3,500billionbyagrowingnumberofscientists34.WhichofthefollowingaboutNebojsaNakicenovicistrue?A.hethinksfossilfuelsareasdirtyasoilandgasB.hethinksgreenfuelswillreplaceoilandgaseventuallyC.hethinksIPCC'sviewontheworld'sreservesistoooptimisticD.hethinksthatIPCC'sestimatesaremoreoptimisticthantheSwedes35.WhichofthefollowingisthenearexplanationofNakicenovic'sassertionthat“……suchaswitchwouldbedisastrous……?A.TheIPCCscenarioswouldcometruebecauseburningcoalwillemitlargeramountsofCO2“B.AswitchtoburningcoalwouldproducedisastrousenvironmentalproblemsC.OilandgastoreplacecoalasfuelwouldspeeduptheprocessofglobalwarmingD.AswitchfromtheIPCCscenariostothepolicymakers'oneswouldbedisastrous第二篇ListeningtoBirdsongAmalezebrafinch1chirpsaway2tohimself.Suddenlyhenoticesafemalebirdnearby.Herealizeshehasanaudienceandimmediatelychangeshissong.Canthefemaletellthedifferenceinhisperformance?Accordingtoanewstudy,thefemalezebrafinchknows.Andsheprefersthespecialtrillshecreateswhenhesingstoher.Amalezebrafinchchangeshissongwhensingingtoafemaleinwaysthatpeoplecanbarelydetect.But~thefemalefinchcantellthedifference.

Scientistshadnoticedslightvariationsinthesongsofmal~zebraf'mchesbasedonwhethertheyweresingingaloneorwhethertherewasafemale(andpotentialmate)nearby.Withanaudience,themalesspedupthepaceoftheirsongsandcontrolledthenotestheyused.

Forthisstudy,researchersSarahC.WoolleyandAllisonDoupeattheUniversityofCalifornia,SanFranciscodecidedtofocusattentiononthelisteningfemales,whichhavenotbeenwellstudiedinthepast.

Inthestudy,WoolleyandDoupesetup,alongcagewithasoundspeakerateachend.Onebroadcastthesoundofamalezebrafinchsingingtohimself,likesomeonesingingintheshower.Theotherspeakerbroadcastamaleperformingforafemaleaudience,asifhewasgivingaconcert.

Femalebirdswereplacedbetweenthetwospeakers.Someofthebirdshadmates,othersdidn't.Thefemalesshiftedaroundabit,andthenmostofthemhoppedovertositbesidejustonespeaker.Allthebirdsthatmadeaclearchoicelikedsongsmeantforafemaleaudience,evenifthey'dnevermetthemale.

Matedfemalesalsohadachancetolistentotwodifferentperformancesongs,onefromanunknownmale,andonefromtheirmate.Theyspentmoretimelisteningtotheconcertversionoftheirmates'songs.Thissuggeststhatafterawhile,femaleslearntorecognize--andprefer—thesongsoftheirmates.

Scientiststhenstudiedthebrainsofthefemales.Theyfoundcertainareasofthebrainperkedup3whenthebirdslistenedtotheconcertsongs.Thesebrainareasmaybeinvolvedinrecognizingandevaluatingthesongs,andstoringthememoriesofthem.

Thisresearchdealswithwhat'scalleddirectedcommunication,whenthecommunicator,orsender,focusesthemessageforaspecificaudience.Oneexampleisthewaymomsspeaktotheirbabies.Mothersaroundtheworldusethesamesortofhigh'pitched4sing-songchatter,andthebabiesrespondbesttothosesounds.Songbirdsareoneoftheonlyotherspeciesknowntolearntheircommunication,inthiscasetheirsongs.36.Whatdoesthefirstparagraphsayaboutzebrafinches?

A)Malezebrafinchesliketosingtofemalezebrafinches.B)Malezebrafinchessinglouderthanfemalezebrafinches.

C)Malezebrafincheschangetheirsongsinfemalezebrafinches'presence.

D)Malezebrafinchesliketolistentofemalezebrafinchessing.

37.Whatdidtheresearchersfredintheirstudyoffemalezebrafinches?

A)Femalefincheslikedsongsmalefinchessangforthem.

B)Femalefinchesonlylikedsongsmalefinchessangfortheirmates.

C)Femalefincheslikedtolistentosongsfrombothspeakers.

D)Femalefincheschosethebestmalesingersastheirmates.

38.Whatismeantby"concertsongs"intheseventhparagraph?

A)Songssungbyzebrafinchesataconcert.

B)Songssungbymalefinchesforfemalefinches.

C)Songssungbyfemalefmchesformalefinches.

D)Songssungbymalefmchestomanyfemalefinches.

39.WhatisNOTtrueofdirectedcommunication?

A)Thesenderofamessagehasaspecificaudience.

B)Malezebrafinchessingtofemalefinches.

C)Motherstalktotheirbabies,

D)Malezebrafinchessingtothemselves.

40.Whichofthefollowingcanbestreflectthethemeofthepassage?.

A)Chirpingaway.

B)Birdsongsascommunication.

C)Zebrafinchesandtheirlife.

D)Enjoyingbirdsongs.

第三篇AntsHaveBigImpactonEnvironmentas“EcosystemEngineers” ResearchbytheUniversityofExeterhasrevealedthatantshaveabigimpactontheirlocalenvironmentasaresultoftheiractivityas“ecosystemengineers”andpredators.Thestudy,publishedintheJournalofAnimalEcology,foundthatantshavetwodistincteffectsontheirlocal Firstly,throughmovingofsoilbynestbuildingactivityandbycollectingfoodtheyaffectthelevelofnutrientsinthesoil.Thiscanindirectlyimpactthelocalpopulationsofmanyanimalgroups,fromdecomposerstospeciesmuchhigherupthefoodchain. Secondly,theypreyonawiderangeofotheranimals,includinglargerpreywhichcanbeattackedbyvastnumbersofantworkers. DirkSanders,anauthorofthestudyfromtheuniversity’sCenterforEcologyandConservation,said:“Antsareveryeffectivepredatorswhichthriveinhugenumbers.They’realsoveryterritorialandveryaggressive,defendingtheirresourcesandterritoryagainstotherpredators.Allofthismeanstheyhaveastronginfluenceontheirsurroundingarea.” “Inthisresearch,westudiedforthefirsttimehowbigthisimpactisandthesubtletiesofit.Whatwefoundisthatdespitebeingpredators,theirpresencecanalsoleadtoanincreaseindensityanddiversityofotheranimalgroups.Theygenuinelyplayakeyroleinthelocalenvironment,havingabiginfluenceonthegrasslandfoodweb,”Sanderssaid. Thestudy,carriedoutinGermany,studiedtheimpactofthepresenceofdifferentcombinationsanddensitiesofblackgardenantsandcommonredants,bothspeciescanbefoundacrossEurope,includingintheUK.Itfoundthatalowdensityifantsinanareaincreasedthediversityanddensityofotheranimalsinthelocalarea,particularlythedensityofherbivoresanddecomposers.Athigherdensitiesantshadnoortheoppositeeffect,showingthatpredationiscounteractingthepositiveinfluence. Dr.FrankvanVeen,anotherauthoronthestudy,said:“Whatwefindisthattheimpactofantsonsoilnutrientlevelshasapositiveeffectonanimalgroupsatlowlevels,butasthenumberofantsincreases,theirpredatoryimpactshavethebiggereffect——therebycounteractingthepositiveinfluenceviaecosystemengineering.” Antsareimportantcomponentsofecosystemsnotonlybecausetheyconstituteagreatpartoftheanimalbiomassbutalsobecausetheyactasecosystemengineers.Antbiodiversityisincrediblyhighandtheseorganismsarehighlyresponsivetohumanimpact,whichobviouslyreducesitsrichness.However,itisnotclearhowsuchdisturbancedamagesthemaintenanceofantservicestotheecosystem.Antsareimportantinbelowgroundprocessesthroughthealterationofthephysicalandchemicalenvironmentandthroughtheireffectsonplants,microorganisms,andothersoilorganisms.41.Whyareantsregardedasecosystemengineers?________A.Becausetheybuildtheirownnests.B.Becausetheycollectfood.C.Becausetheiractivityaffectstheenvironment.D.Becausetheyarepredators.42.Aspredators,ants________________.A.preyonsmallaswellaslargeanimalsB.collectnutritiousfoodfromthesoilC.collectfoodasdecomposersD.preyonspeciesmuchhigherupthefoodchain43.DirkSanders’studycenteredonhowants_________.A.canmanagetothriveinhugenumbersB.defendtheirsourcesandterritoryagainstotherpredatorsC.attackthoseinvadinganimalsforsurvivalD.producesuchabigimpactontheenvironment44.Whatdoesparagraph6tellus?A.Antsbringaboutanegativeinfluencetoanareawhentheirpopulationissmall.B.Antsbringaboutapositiveinfluencetoanareawhentheirpopulationissmall.C.Ants’predationcounteractsthepositiveinfluencetheymayhaveonanarea.D.Athigherdensity,antsproduceapositiveinfluenceonanarea.45.Whatstillremainsunclearaboutants,accordingtothelastparagraph?A.Whatrolesdoantsplayintheecosysteminwhichtheylive?B.Howdoantsaffecttheanimaldiversityinagivenecosystem?C.Howdohumanactivitiesaffectants’influenceonagivenecosystem?D.Howdoantsalterthephysicalandchemicalenvironment?第5部分：補全短文（第46-50題，每題2分，共10分） 下面旳短文中有5處空白，短文后有6個句子，其中5個取自短文，請根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容將其分別放回原有位置，以恢復(fù)文章原貌。SleepingGiant

Rightnow,aneruptionisbrewinginYellowstoneNationalPark.Sometimeduringthenexttwohours,themostfamousgeyser.OldFaithful,willbegingurglingboilingwaterandsteam._____1_____

OldFaithfulisnotonlyaspectacularsight;it’salsoaconstantremainderthatYellowstonesitsononeofthelargestvolcanoesintheworld.Ifyou’veneverheardofYellowstone’svolcano,you’renotalone._____2_____yetithaseruptedthreetimesduringthelastmillionyears.AndoneofthoseeruptionsspewedenoughvolcanicashandotherdebristoblankethalftheUnitedStates.

Yellowstone’svolcanoissometimescalleda“supervolcano,”orextremelylargeandexplosivecalderavolcano._____3_____.Thissupervolcanoformedoverahotspot,anextremelyhotareainEarth’smantle.JohnValley,avolcanoprofessors,saidthatasthecrustmovesacrossahotspot,thehotspotmeltsasectionoftheplatemovingoverit,forming“onevolcanoafteranother.”

TheYellowstonehotspotmeltsthickcontinentalcrust,whichmaycausecatastrophiceruptions.AccordingtoexpertstheeruptionsthatcreatedeachofthethreecalderasinandaroundYellowstoneNationalParkwerelargerthananyothervolcaniceruptioninrecordedhistory.Themostrecenteruption,whichhappened640,000yearsago,producedatleast1,000cubickilometersofashanddebris,whichblanketedmostofthewesternhalfoftheUnitedStates._____4_____

GeologicalevidenceshowsYellowstonehasblownitsstackevery700,000yearsorso.“Ifnatureweretrulythatregularandreliable,wewouldbedueforanothereruptionsoon,”saidValley.“However,theseprocessesaresubjecttovariability,sowedon’treallyknowwhenthenexteruptionwillhappen.”

_____5_____Itisthevolcanicenergythatpowersthegeysersandhotsprings,createsthemountainsandcanyons,andgeneratestheuniqueecosystemsthatsupportYellowstone’sdiversewildlife.

A

ThreecalderasmakeupmorethanathirdofYellowstone第6部分：完型填空（第51-65題，每題1分，共15分） 下面旳短文有15處空白，請根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容為每處空白確定1個最佳選項。SolarPowerwithoutSolarCells AdramaticandsurprisingmagneticeffectoflightdiscoveredbyUniversityof Theresearchersfindawaytomakean“optical__51__,”saidStephenRand,aprofessorinthedepartmentsofElectronicEngineeringandComputerScience,PhysicsandAppliedPhysics. Lightahselectricalandmagneticcomponents.Untilnow,scientiststhoughtthe__52__onthemagneticfieldweresoweakthattheycouldbeignored.WhatRandhiscolleaguesfoundisthatattherightintensity,whenlightistravelingthroughamaterialthatdoesnotconductelectricity,thelightfieldcangeneratemagneticeffectsthatare100milliontimestrongerthan__53__expected.__54__thesecircumstances,themagneticeffectsdevelopstrengthequivalenttoastrongelectriceffect. “Thiscouldleadtoanewkindofsolarcellwithoutsemiconductorsandwithoutabsorptiontoproducechargeseparation,”Randsaid.“Insolarcells,the__55__goesintoamaterial,getsabsorbedandcreatesheat.Hereweexpecttohaveaverylowheatload.Insteadofthelightbeingabsorbed,energyisstoredinthemagneticmoment.Intensemagnetizationcanbeinducedintenselightandthenitisultimatelycapableofprovidingacaptivepower__56__.”Whatmakesthispossibleisapreviouslyundetectedbandof“opticalrectification,”saysWilliamFisher,adoctoralstudentinappliedphysics.Intraditionalopticalrectification,light’selectricfieldcausesachargeseparation,orapulling__57__ofthepositiveandnegativechargesinamaterial.Thissetsupavoltage,similarto__58__inabattery. RandandFisherfoundthatundertherightcircumstancesandinrighttypesofmaterials,thelight’smagneticfieldcanalsocreateopticalrectification.Thelightmustbeshonethrougha_59__thatdoesnot__60__electricit