選修7-unit5語(yǔ)法-定語(yǔ)從句

RevisionofNon-restrictiveAttributiveClausesUnit5Grammar1.定語(yǔ)從句：修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫定語(yǔ)從句。定語(yǔ)從句一般緊跟在它所修飾的先行詞之后。2.先行詞：被定語(yǔ)從句修飾的詞叫先行詞。3.關(guān)系詞：引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的詞叫關(guān)系詞。

Revision

關(guān)系詞有關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞。關(guān)系代詞有that,which,who,whom,whose,as；關(guān)系副詞有when,where,why。

關(guān)系詞通常有下列三個(gè)作用：A.引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句B.代替先行詞C.在定語(yǔ)從句中擔(dān)當(dāng)一個(gè)成分限制性定語(yǔ)從句(restrictive)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句(non-restrictive）定語(yǔ)從句TheteachertoldmethatTomwastheonlypersonthatIcoulddependon.

老師告訴我說(shuō)湯姆是我唯一的可以依靠的人。Hismother,wholoveshimverymuch,isstrictwithhim.

他媽媽十分地愛(ài)他，對(duì)他要求很嚴(yán)格。限制性定語(yǔ)從句:所謂限制性定語(yǔ)從句就是先行詞在意義上不可缺少的定語(yǔ),如果去掉,主句就失去意義或意義不完整。這種從句和先行詞的關(guān)系十分密切,寫(xiě)時(shí)不用逗號(hào)和主句分開(kāi)。限制性定語(yǔ)從句和非限制性定語(yǔ)從句:Iwastheonlypersoninmyofficewhowasinvited.我是我們辦公室唯一被邀請(qǐng)的人。(如果把從句部分去掉,整個(gè)句子的含義就變了。)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句:非限制性定語(yǔ)從句和主句的關(guān)系并不十分密切,只是對(duì)先行詞做些附加說(shuō)明,如果去掉,主句的意思仍然清楚。這種從句和主句之間往往用逗號(hào)隔開(kāi)。在講話時(shí)須停頓，一般不用that引導(dǎo)。1.Hisdog,whichwasnowveryold,becameillanddied.

他的狗當(dāng)時(shí)很老了,生病后就死了。

(去掉從句,主句的意義仍然完整:他的狗生病死了。)2.YesterdayImetLiLei,whoseemedtobeverybusy.

昨天我碰上李雷了,他好象很忙。

(去掉從句,意義仍然完整:昨天我碰上李雷了。)限制性定語(yǔ)從句非限制性定語(yǔ)從句形式上不用逗號(hào)“，”與主句隔開(kāi)用逗號(hào)“，”與主句隔開(kāi)意義上是先行詞不可缺少的定語(yǔ)，如刪除，主句則失去意義或意思表達(dá)不完整只是對(duì)先行詞的補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明，如刪除，主句仍能表達(dá)完整的意思。限制性定語(yǔ)從句和非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別限制性定語(yǔ)從句和非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別限制性定語(yǔ)從句非限制性定語(yǔ)從句譯法上

譯成先行詞的定語(yǔ)：“……的”通常譯成主句的并列句關(guān)系詞的使用上

1.作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可省略1.不可省略2.可用that2.不用that3.可用who代替whom3.不可用who代替whomA.ThisistheplacewhereIlivedtenyearsago.B.SheisgoingtospendthewinterholidayinMacao,whichreturnedtoChinain1999.2.A.HeisamanwhoIcanaskforhelp.B.Hisfather,whoworksinBeijing,camebackyesterday.限制性定語(yǔ)從句和先行詞關(guān)系密切，如果去掉從句，剩余部分意義不完整；非限制性定語(yǔ)從句只是先行詞的附加說(shuō)明，如果去掉從句，意義仍然完整。Allthemagazinesherewhichhavebeautifulpicturesinthemwerewrittenbyhim.里面有漂亮圖畫(huà)的那些雜志是他寫(xiě)的。Allthemagazineshere,whichhavebeautifulpicturesinthem,werewrittenbyhim.所有的雜志都是他寫(xiě)的,里面都有漂亮的圖畫(huà)。有時(shí)同一個(gè)限制性從句變?yōu)榉窍拗菩詮木鋾?huì)改變?nèi)涞囊馑?。（雜志有帶圖畫(huà)和不帶圖畫(huà)兩類）（雜志只有一種）Hisfather,whoworksinBeijing,camebackyesterday.當(dāng)先行詞是地名人名、世界上獨(dú)一無(wú)二的事物或家庭唯一成員時(shí)，通常只用非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。Shanghai,whichisinEastChina,isdevelopingrapidly.在ofwhich/whom之前可以使用表達(dá)數(shù)量或定位的數(shù)詞或代詞。1.Iamdoingdifferenttypesofexercises,allofwhicharequitehelpfultomyhealth.2.Manypeople,someofwhomarenotoverweight,aregoingondiets.3.Thereare54studentsinmyclass,threeofwhomcomefromtheUS.ThetownwhereIliveisbeautiful.Kenli,whereIlive,isbeautiful.Teacherswhoarekindarepopularwiththestudents.MrWang,whoiskind,

ispopularwiththestudents.Pleasecompare:Teacherswhoarekindarepopularwiththestudents.MrWang,whoiskind,ispopularwiththestudents.分析兩種定語(yǔ)從句省略后的結(jié)果ThetownwhereIliveisbeautiful.Kenli,whereIlive,isbeautiful.限制性定語(yǔ)從句省略后主語(yǔ)所指就不明確，所以不能省略。非限制性定語(yǔ)從句和單句的比較1.Hefailedintheexam._______madehisparentsangry.2.Hefailedintheexam,_______madehisparentsangry.3.Hehastwosons.Bothof________areteachers.4.Hehastwosons,bothof________areteachers.Thiswhichwhomthem×

that一、非限制性定語(yǔ)從句通常不能用that引導(dǎo)。1.Ilikethebook,whichwasboughtyesterday.我喜歡這本書(shū)，這是昨天買(mǎi)的。2.Ilikethebookwhich/thatwasboughtyesterday.我喜歡昨天買(mǎi)的那本書(shū)。非限制性定語(yǔ)從句應(yīng)注意以下幾點(diǎn)：二、非限制性定語(yǔ)從句不能用why引導(dǎo)要用forwhich代替why。1.Ihadtoldthemthereason,forwhichIdidn’tattendthemeeting.我已經(jīng)把理由告訴了他們，為此我沒(méi)有去開(kāi)會(huì)。2.IhadtoldthemthereasonwhyIdidn'tattendthemeeting.我告訴了他們我不去開(kāi)會(huì)的理由。(限制性定語(yǔ)從句“thereasonwhy...”是常見(jiàn)搭配。)三、非限制性定語(yǔ)從句置于句首時(shí)，不能用which引導(dǎo)。關(guān)系代詞as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句位置比較靈活，可以放主句前，也可以放主句后。1.AsIexpected,hedidn'tbelieveme.正如我所預(yù)料的，他不相信我。2.Sheheardaterriblenoise,whichbroughtherheartintohermouth.她聽(tīng)到一個(gè)可怕的聲音，這讓她把心都提到嗓子眼了。四、非限制性定語(yǔ)從句由“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)時(shí)，其中的關(guān)系代詞不能用as。1.Heboughtthecarformorethan$20,000,withwhichhisfatherwasangry.他花兩萬(wàn)多美元買(mǎi)了這輛車，他父親對(duì)此很生氣。2.Ifinishedmyworkaheadoftime,afterwhichIsatsometimereadingthenewspaper.我提前干完了我的活，隨后我坐著看了會(huì)兒報(bào)紙。五、在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中，指人的關(guān)系代詞作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，只能用賓格whom;不能用who替換，也不能省略。1.DoyouknowTom,whomwetalkedabout?你認(rèn)識(shí)湯姆嗎?我們談到過(guò)他。2.Thisbook,whichyoucangetatanybookshop,willgiveyoualltheinformationyouneed.這本書(shū)會(huì)給你提供所有你需要的資料，它在任何一家書(shū)店都能買(mǎi)到。

(非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中引導(dǎo)詞在從句中作賓語(yǔ)，無(wú)論指人還是指物都不能省略。)六、Which可指前面整個(gè)句子。Thesunsendsoutlightandheat,whichmakesitpossibleforlivingthingstoexistontheearth.太陽(yáng)發(fā)出光和熱，這使得生物能夠在地球上生存。Hisfatherisanengineer,____makeshimveryproud.A.forwhatB.which

C.thatD.what1.YesterdayMr.Lifinallyboughthisownhouse,_______isahospital.A.inwhereB.totheeastofwhichC.totheeastofitD.intheeastofthat2.Mybrother'spurse,_______heput￥1,000,wasmissingonthebus.A.thereB.whichC.inwhichD.that課堂練兵3.Hisglasses,_______hecouldseenothing,wastakenawaybyanaughtyboy.A.whichB.withoutwhichC.withwhichD.withoutthose4.Thecomputer,_______hepaid￥3,000,wasonceownedbyhisuncle.A.whichB.forwhichC.thatD.tothat5.Inthepastwelostmanychances,_______wepaidlittleattention.

A.whichB.thatC.inwhichD.towhich6.Thepen,_______Ihadbeenwritingfortenyears,wasbroken.

A.withwhichB.withthatC.asD.withit7.Maryhastwobrothers,________aredoctors.A.bothoftheyB.bothofwhomC.bothofthemD.whomofboth8.OnthewayhomeImetmyfriendJohn,from_______homethethiefhadstolenacomputer.A.whomB.whichC.thatD.whose9.Paul,_________everyonesuspected,turnedouttobeinnocent.A.thatB.whenC.whichD.whom10.Whendeeplyabsorbedinwork,

_________heoftenwas,hewouldforgetallabouteatingorsleeping.A.whatB.asC.thatD.who11.Sheshowedherteacherareason,

________shewaslateforschoolthedaybeforeyesterday.A.thatB.whichC.forwhichD.why12.The10:00train,_______isusuallyverypunctual,waslatethismorning.A.asB.whenC.thatD.which1.Iwalkedinourgarden,_______TomandJimweretyingabigsignontooneofthetrees.(2005遼寧卷) A.which B.when C.where D.that實(shí)戰(zhàn)高考2.TheBeatles,_______manyofyouareoldenoughtoremember,camefromLiverpool.(2006天津卷)A.whatB.thatC.howD.as3.ShewaseducatedatBeijingUniversity,____shewentontohaveheradvancedstudyabroad.(2006陜西卷)A.afterwhichB.fromwhichC.fromthatD.afterthat4.Lastweek,onlytwopeoplecametolookatthehouse，_______wantedtobuyit.(2007安徽卷)A.noneofthemB.bothofthemC.noneofwhomD.neitherofwhom5.

Itisreportedthattwoschools,_____arebeingbuiltinmyhometown,willopennextyear.(2007四川卷)A.theybothB.whichboth C.bothofthemD.bothofwhich

6.Thegrowingspeedofaplantisinfluencedbyanumberoffactors,_____arebeyondourcontrol.(2008湖南卷)A.mostofthemB.mostofwhichC.mostofwhatD.mostofthat7.TheywillflytoWashington,_____theyplantostayfortwoorthreedays.(2008重慶卷)A.whereB.thereC.