讀寫任務(wù)各種文體概括

“讀寫任務(wù)”復(fù)習(xí)系列之概括指導(dǎo)近年廣東高考“讀寫任務(wù)”分析年份PartOne閱讀材料形式PartTwo體裁話題2011記敘記敘想家的經(jīng)歷2012記敘文夾敘夾議教師對(duì)學(xué)生的影響2013議論

議論對(duì)平凡工作的看法讀寫任務(wù)的特征和基本要求：讀寫任務(wù)寫作是具有一定開放性的寫作命題。選材內(nèi)容：考生熟悉或比較熟悉的題材；文體要求：議論文或記敘文。讀寫任務(wù)寫作必須涵蓋三個(gè)方面：

1．首段：用一兩句話概述原文內(nèi)容要點(diǎn)，約30個(gè)詞；

2．主體：依據(jù)材料陳述自我觀點(diǎn)并加以例證來驗(yàn)證，約110個(gè)詞；

3．尾段：套語配名言來進(jìn)行點(diǎn)題，要前后呼應(yīng)，三位一體，約20個(gè)詞。Howtowritea

summaryWritingsummaryKeypointsHowtowriteWhattowriteTask1:

StudythewritingskillsSkill1:Omit(省略)thedetailsSkill2:Omittherepetitions(重復(fù))Skill3:OmittheexamplesSkill4:Usegeneral(概括性)wordsinsteadofspecific(具體的)wordsSkill5:PutthemainpointsofadialogueinindirectspeechSkill6:Usesynonyms(同義詞)orshorterphrases.(間接引語)1.Example:Then,youcanthinkofawaytomakebothsideshappy.Herearesometips:1.Maketimetotalk.Youcouldtalkaboutyourschoollifeandyourplansforthefuture.2.Keepadiary.Itcanhelpyouunderstandmoreaboutyourselfandyourfeelings.3.Showyourparentsyouaregrowingup.Washyourownclothesandhelparoundthehouse.Pleasefollowtheexampletochoosetheproperskillfromtheones.>>Therearesometipsforchildrentofollowsothattheycangetonwellwiththeirparents.Skill1:Omitthedetails2.Example:

Sometimes,kidsdon’tthinktheirparentsarefairtothem.Whenyouwanttodressinamodernway,yourmumdoesn’tlikeyouwearingamini-skirt.Whenyouaremakingphonecallstofriends,theyaskwhetheryou’respeakingtoaboyoragirl.

>>Itisquitenaturalthatwechildrenlookatthesameproblemdifferentlyfromourparents.Skill3:Omittheexamples.3.Example:

KatelookedatPauldisapprovingly,“Youusetoomuchsaltonyourfood,Paul.It’snotatallgoodforyou!”Paulputdownhisknifeandfrowned,“Whyonearthnot!Ifyoudidn’thavesaltonyourfooditwouldtasteawful…likeeatingcardboardorsand…justimaginebreadwithoutsaltinit!”>>KatesuggestedthatPaulshouldeatlesssalt.ButPauldisagreed.Hesaidthatfoodwithoutsaltwouldbetasteless.

Skill5:Putthemainpointsofadialogueinindirectspeech.4.Example:

ShebroughthomeseveralChineseandEnglishnovels,afewcopiesofTimeandNewsweek,andsometextbooks.Sheintendedtoreadallofthemduringthewintervacation.>>Shebroughthomealotofbooksandmagazinestoreadduringthevacation.Skill4:Usegeneral(概括性)wordsinsteadofspecific(具體的)words.Task2:learnhowtosummarizethewholepassage①段意合并法②要素串聯(lián)法③主題概括法

Summarizeeachpassagewiththeproperskill.StylesofpassagesNarration（記敘文&夾敘夾議)1Argumentation(議論文)2Exposition(說明文)3A[寫作內(nèi)容]1)以大約30個(gè)詞概括短文的要點(diǎn)；2)以大約120個(gè)詞寫一篇記敘文，描寫你或你的朋友因禍得福的一次經(jīng)歷，并包含以下內(nèi)容：a)敘述你或你的朋友因禍得福的一次真實(shí)或虛構(gòu)的經(jīng)歷；b)談?wù)勥@次經(jīng)歷對(duì)你或你的朋友的影響。

YearsagoinScotlandClarkandhiswifeworkedandsaved,makingplansfortheirfamilytotraveltotheUnitedStates.Finallytheyhadsavedenoughmoneyandgottenpassports.Theentirefamilywerefilledwithexcitement.However,sevenbeforetheirdeparture,theyoungestsonwasbittenbyadog.ThedoctorseweduptheboybuthungayellowsheetontheClarks'frontdoor.Becauseofthepossibilityofrabies,theywereseparatedforfourteendays.Thefamily'sdreamwasdashed.TheywouldnotbeabletomakethetriptoAmericaastheyplanned.Thefather,filledwithdisappointmentandanger,weptbittertearsandcursedbothhissonandGodfortheirmisfortune.Fivedayslater,thetragicnewsspreadthroughoutBritain---Titanic,whichwasonhermaidenvoyageonApril14,1912,hadsunk,takinghundredsofliveswithit.TheClarkfamilyshouldhavebeenonthatship,butbecausethesonhadbeenbittenbyadog,theywereleftbehind.WhenMr.Clarkheardthenews,hehuggedhissonandthankedhimforsavingthefamily.HethankedGodforturningwhathehadfeltwasatragedyintoablessing.Who(人物)What(發(fā)生什么事情)First：Next:Finally:Implication(寓意－如有則寫)Summaryaofastory:

要素串連法故事性的短文概括應(yīng)圍繞“什么人、發(fā)生了什么事、結(jié)局如何，（有什么寓意）”來寫，即闡述一個(gè)故事梗概，忌力陳細(xì)節(jié)，忌摻入個(gè)人評(píng)價(jià)。Skill:Combinationofelements要素串聯(lián)法

Who

(人物)What(發(fā)生什么事情)First：Next:Finally:Implication(寓意－如有則寫)onesonwasbittenunluckilydidn’tboardTitanicwerefortunatelysavedatragedyturnedintoablessingtheClarkfamilyFindoutkeypointsinthestory:Summary:Thisstoryisaboutatragedyturningintoablessing.TheClarkfamily,whowereunluckytomissboardingTitanicbecauseonesonwasbittenbyadog,werefortunatelysaved.（31words)Skill:

②要素串聯(lián)法（常用于記敘文或夾敘夾議文）

Youmaybeginlikethese:

1.Thepassageisabout…2.Thewritertellsusabout…3.Thestoryisabout…4.Theauthortellsusthat…純記敘文的閱讀材料，應(yīng)該用最簡練的語言來說明故事5Ws，不能拖泥帶水。若夾敘夾議的閱讀材料，概括玩故事后還要講述該故事給你的啟示或其中的一個(gè)道理，即5Ws+whattolearn。

B[寫作內(nèi)容]1)以約30個(gè)詞概括短文的要點(diǎn)；2)然后以約120個(gè)詞就“努力學(xué)習(xí)，快樂生活”的主題發(fā)表看法，并包括如下要點(diǎn)：a)你贊同“努力學(xué)習(xí)也可以快樂生活”這一觀點(diǎn)嗎？為什么？b)舉例說明你的同學(xué)是如何努力學(xué)習(xí)并保持健康樂觀的心態(tài)的？c)簡述如何才能做到努力學(xué)習(xí)并快樂生活？閱讀下面的短文，然后按照要求寫一篇150詞左右的英語短文。

Scientistsfindthathard-workingpeoplelivelongerthanaveragemenandwomen.Careerwomenarehealthierthanhousewives.Evidenceshowsthatthejoblessareinpoorerhealththanthejob-holders.Astudyshowsthatwhenevertheemploymentrateincreasesby1%,thedeathrateincreasecorrespondinglyby2%.Allthiscomesdowntoonepoint:workishelpfultohealth.Whyisworkgoodforhealth?Itisbecauseworkkeepspeoplebusy,awayfromloneliness.Researchesshowthatpeoplefeelunhappy,worriedandlonelywhentheyhavenothingtodo.Instead,thehappiestarethosewhoarebusy.Workservesasabridgebetweenmanandreality.Bywork,peoplecomeintocontactwitheachother.Bycollectiveactivities,theyfindfriendshipandwarmth.Thisishelpfultohealth.Thelossofworkmeansthelossofeverything.Itaffectsmanspirituallyandmakeshimlikelytodisease.Besides,workgivesoneasenseoffulfillmentandasenseofachievement.Workmakesonefeelhisvalueandstatusinsociety.Whenawriterfinisheshiswritingorteacherseeshisstudentsgrow,theyarehappybeyondwords.論點(diǎn)—觀點(diǎn)論證—理由Findoutthetopicsentenceandsupportingpointsinthepassage:Workishelpfultohealth.workkeepspeoplebusy,awayfromlonelinessb.workgivesoneasenseoffulfillmentandasenseofachievement注意：用自己的話表達(dá)Skill:主題概括法/段意合并法(topicsentencesorkeywords，ifnotopicsentences)

(適合于議論文)Summary:Theauthorhighlightstheeffectofworkonpeople’shealth,becauseitcanridoneofloneliness,andmakeonefeelfruitfulandproudofhimself,whichalwayscontributestoagoodbody.（33words)Skill:

主題概括法\段意合并法

(適合于議論文)Usuallythebeginningofasummaryis:2.Thewriterargues/holdstheviewthat…1.Wecanknowfromthe

passagethat…3.Asfarastheauthor

isconcerned,…如果是議論文的閱讀短文,則要盡可能客觀簡要地轉(zhuǎn)述閱讀材料的觀點(diǎn)。c[寫作內(nèi)容]1)以約30個(gè)詞概括短文的要點(diǎn)；2)然后以約120個(gè)詞就“生態(tài)旅游”的主題發(fā)表看法，并包括如下要點(diǎn)：a)你認(rèn)為生態(tài)旅游有什么好處？b)你認(rèn)為如何有效地推動(dòng)生態(tài)旅游業(yè)的發(fā)展？

Youmaynotbeveryfamiliarwith”ecotourism”---anewtermintoday’stourismindustry---butinanareaofgrowingenvironmentalconsciousness,itisnottoodifficultforustoimagineandworkoutthemeaningofthisnewformofholiday.Ecotourismistypicallydefinedastraveltoplaceswheretheuniqueflowers,plants,animalsandtheculturalheritagearetheprimaryattractions.Itisconsideredasakindofresponsibletourismwhichseriouslytakesecologyandcultureintoconsideration.Therefore,programsinvolvingtheconservationandpreservationofsomenaturalandculturalsitesalsoformapartofecotourism.Ecotourismisdevelopingatgreatspeed.AccordingtoareportbytheWorldTourismOrganization,ecotourisminrecentyearshasenjoyedanannualgrowthofabout5%worldwide.Over80activitieshavebeenlistedforeducation,suchasbirdwatching,hiking,diving,photography,mountaineeringandparticipatinginvariouskindsoflocalculturalevents.Althoughbigcitiesarestillthemajorplacesthatabsorbtouristsinoursocietytoday,itlookslikesomesmallertownsandruralareasrichinecological,culturalandhistoricalresourcesmaywellbecomethenewdestinationsforpeopletovisittomorrow.說明對(duì)象說明對(duì)象的解釋

Findoutthetopic

andexpositionsinthepassage:ecotourism

Itisanewformofholidayb.Programsinvolvingtheconservationandpreservationofsomenaturalandculturalsitesalsoformapartofecotourism.Skill:

主題概括法\段意合并法(適合于說明文)d.somesmallertownsandruralareasrichinecological,culturalandhistoricresourcesmaywellbecomethenewdestinationsforpeopletovisittomorrow.注意：用自己的話表達(dá)C.Ecotourismisdevelopingatagreatspeed.Summary:Ecotourismisanewfast-developingformofholidaywhichattractstouristsbynaturalandculturalheritage,aswellashistoricresources.Itcanbeawaytoprotecttheenvironment.(30words)Skill:

主題概括法\段意合并法(適合于說明文)Youmaybeginlikethese:1.Asstatedinthearticle,…2.Accordingtothepassage,theauthorstatesthat…3.Inthepassage,theauthorstatesthat…說明性短文,用概括的文字來說明某種現(xiàn)象。

Thisstoryisaboutatragedyturningintoablessing.TheClarkfamily,whowereunluckytomissboardingTitanicbecauseonesonwasbittenb