模塊五第二單元M5U2grammarandUsage現(xiàn)在分詞作形容詞與副詞

Unit2Theenvironment

Grammarandusage什么是定語(attributive)?定語是用來修飾、限定、說明名詞或代詞的品質(zhì)與特征的。主要有形容詞此外還有名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、介詞短語、動詞不定式（短語）、分詞、定語從句或相當(dāng)于形容詞的詞、短語或句子都可以作定語。RevisionHe'satallman.Therearealotofbanana

treesontheisland.

Thesmilingboyneedsapenboughtbyhismother.什么是表語(predicative)?表語是用來說明主語的身份、性質(zhì)、品性、特征和狀態(tài)的，表語常由名詞、形容詞、副詞、介詞短語、不定式、動詞的-ing、從句來充當(dāng)，它常位于系動詞(be,become,appear,seem,look,sound,feel,get,smell等詞)之后。AlbertEinsteinwasafamousprofessorofphysics.Itsoundsterrifying.Itgetsdark.什么是賓語補足語(objectcomplement)?賓語補足語：某些及物動詞的賓語后面還需要有一個補足語，意思才完整，賓語和它的補足語構(gòu)成復(fù)合賓語。I'mgoingtopaintitpink.Isawthekiteupanddown.Tommadethegirlcry.Canyousmellsomethingburning?現(xiàn)在分詞現(xiàn)在分詞是由“動詞原形+ing”構(gòu)成，在功能上具有形容詞或副詞的特點?，F(xiàn)在分詞作定語特點1：單個現(xiàn)在分詞作定語可表動作正在進行A

________manA________manrunningcrying特點2：單個動名詞作定語可以表示名詞的用途洗衣機候車室(家庭的)餐廳臥鋪車AwashingmachineAwaitingroomAdiningroomAsleepingcar/carriage(火車車廂)特點3：單個現(xiàn)在分詞作定語表“令人……的”encourageAfterhearingthe__________words,hefeels___________.encouragingencouragedPuzzleAfterseeingthe__________situation,heshoweda________look.puzzlingpuzzledembarrasse

_____________lookembarrassedterrify

___________lookterrifiedApromisingteenager一位有前途的青少年一位失蹤的青少年Amissingadolescent特點4：現(xiàn)在分詞短語表示此動詞與邏輯主語是主動關(guān)系Theteacher

whoteachesusEnglish

isLisa.=Theteacher________(teach)usEnglishisLisa.teaching2.Theflowers________（smell)sweetinthebotanicgardenattractthevisitorstothebeautyofname.如何挖坑Lookoverthere--there’saverylongpath________(lead)uptothehouse.(2011山東)leading1.多義詞smelling2.主動表被動3.Theproblem______________(discuss)nowhasconfusedstudentsforacoupleofdays.2.考查現(xiàn)在分詞的被動形式beingdiscussed【改錯】Thesouptastedgoodismadebytheconsultant.Thebuildingpaintedwillbefinishedattheendofthisyear.tastingbeing現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補Listen!Doyouhearsomeone____forhelp?（2010湖南）A.calling B.call C.tocall D.called 答案：A解析：該空在句中為非謂語動詞作賓補，根據(jù)someone與call的主動關(guān)系排除D項。hear后接不定式作賓補時應(yīng)省略to，由此排除C項。由Listen可判斷此處表示正在求救。[高考真題]【改錯】Theboywaslastseenplaybythelake.playing現(xiàn)在分詞做狀語(相當(dāng)于副詞Adverbial）1.作時間狀語-ing短語——_______thebadnews,theycouldn’thelpcrying.=Whentheyheardthebadnews,theycouldn’thelpcrying.

當(dāng)聽到這個不幸的消息時，他們情不自禁地哭了起來。Hearing______________hisletter,Idecidedtowriteback.

=AfterIreceivedhisletter,Idecidedtowriteback.

收到他的信后，我決定給他回信。

Havingreceived“主動且表示主從句動作幾乎同時發(fā)生”Asking

around,Ifindmypeoplewillingtopayalittlehigherpricesforthingsthatarefriendlytotheenvironment.=When______around,Ifindmanypeople…Iask【2012重慶卷】_________________(ask)toworkovertimethatevening,Imissedawonderfulfilm.HavingbeenaskedWhile

watching

television,________.the

doorbell

ring

the

doorbell

ringswe

heard

the

doorbell

ring we

heard

the

doorbell

ringsC1.a.Hearingthenews,tearsrandownherface.b.Hearingthenews,shecriedoutsadly.2.a.Enteringtheclassroom,Ifoundnobodyinit.b.Enteringtheclassroom,nobodywasfoundinit.Choosethecorrectsentence._____theprogramme,theyhavetostaythereforanothertwoweeks.（廣東2004）Notcompleting B.Notcompleted C.Nothavingcompleted D.Havingnotcompleted______soangry,hecouldn’tgotosleep.=Becausehewassoangry,hecouldn’tgotosleep.3.作條件狀語_______________,wewillwatchamovie.=Iftimepermits,wewillwatchamovie.2.作原因狀語BeingTimepermitting【獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)】獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)由兩部分組成，前一部分是名詞或者代詞，后一部分是非謂語動詞或形容詞、副詞、名詞或介詞短語。前后兩部分具有邏輯主謂關(guān)系。Becausehismotherwasill,hehadtostayathometolookafterher.=_________________,hehadtostayathometolookafterher.Hismotherbeingill4.作讓步狀語(一般翻譯為“although盡管……”或“evenif即使……”，就是我們?nèi)粘Ｉ钪杏玫摹巴艘徊秸f…”的感覺。)Although______________________,hedidn’tgetenoughfood.=Althoughhisfatherworkedhard,hedidn’tgetenoughfood.hisfatherworkingharda.Beingfine,wewillhavethesportsmeetingnextweek.b.Ifitisfine,wewillhavethesportsmeetingnextweek.c.Itbeingfine,wewillhavethesportsmeetingnextweek.Choosethecorrectsentence.

5.作伴隨狀語置于句首或句末。如：Theycameintotheclassroom,_____________________.

=Theysangandlaughed;theycameintotheclassroom.

他們又唱又笑地走進教室。singingandlaughingThenextmorningshefoundthemaninbed,_____dead.A.lyingB.lieC.layD.layingThefactorykeepsgivingoffsmoke,makingtheairdirty.=Thefactorykeepsreleasingsmoke.Asaresult,theairismadedirty.

6.作結(jié)果狀語懸垂結(jié)構(gòu)（即不用考慮從句和主句邏輯關(guān)系的一致性，直接使用）：Generally________(speak),wehavelearntalotinthisschool.2._______(judge)from/byhisappearance,heissomebody.3.Englishgrammarisdifficulttolearn.___________(say)