陶淵明詩(shī)詞英文翻譯及講解課件培訓(xùn)講學(xué)

TaoYuanmingSujieLiSchoolofEnglish,BISU2016-11-21第一頁(yè)，共25頁(yè)。HistoricalbackgroundTheculturalsceneoftheEasternJin（317-420）TheterritoryoftheEasternJinwasmuchdiminished,withtheNorthfallenundertheruleofrivalstates,andthesouthwest(modernSichuan)dominatedbytheCheng-Hankingdomuntil347;butterritorialreductionisnotnecessarilyproportionatetointellectualvigorandculturalsplendor.TheEasternJinandtheensuingfourdynastiesintheSouth–Song,Qi,Liang,andChen–representarichnessofculturalaccomplishmentonascaleunparalleledinpre-TangChina.2第二頁(yè)，共25頁(yè)。Jiankang（建康）wastogrowintoathrivingmetropolis,theworld’smostpopulatedcityintheearlysixthcentury,withapopulationtwicethatofConstantinople,and,aboveall,adazzlingculturalandintellectualcenterthatlasteduntilanortherndynasty,theSui,unitedChinain589andorderedthecityrazedtotheground.六朝時(shí)期的建康城是世界上第一個(gè)人口超過(guò)百萬(wàn)的城市，以建康為代表的南朝文化，與西方的古羅馬被稱為人類(rénlèi)古典文明的兩大中心，在人類(rénlèi)歷史上產(chǎn)生了極其深遠(yuǎn)的影響。建康城規(guī)模極其龐大，以建康皇宮（建康臺(tái)城）為中心，無(wú)外郭城，東西各四十里，人口眾多。Thesouth,forthefirsttimeinChinesehistory,ceasedbeingaperipherytotheheartlandintheYellowRivervalley.3第三頁(yè)，共25頁(yè)。Thewideuseofpaper:Bythefourthcentury,paperwasbecomingthemostimportantwritingmedium.Lightweightandeasytouse,itcontributedtotheproliferationofwriting.（140writersrecordedin《隋書(shū)(suíshū)》，almosttwicethatofHanwriters）Theconvergenceofdiverseinfluences:arcanediscourseonLaoziandZhuangzi(Daoism),Buddhism,practicalityRelativepeaceandsocialstability:Duringthesecenturies,thesouthremainedmostlyfreefromlarge-scalewaranddestruction,offeringanopportunityforliteraryandscholarlyundertakings.4第四頁(yè)，共25頁(yè)。ImportantliterarydevelopmentPoetry:atransitionfromfour-characterlinestofiveProse:Evenmorethanpoetry,proseplayedaprominentroleinthesocialworld.Fu(賦），history(史）Zhiguai（志怪)，“strangetales”or“anomalyaccounts”，thatgaveaccountofsupernaturalphenomena,exoticlocales,andfantasticfloraandfauna（paradoxography）.ThisnewgenrecameintomaturityintheEasternJin,withGanBao’sInSearchoftheSupernatural(Soushenji，干寶，《搜神記》)asitsrepresentativework.landscaperepresentationinprose,poetry,andpainting山水詩(shī)，山水畫(huà)，（曹操）、陶淵明、謝靈運(yùn)，王羲之twomaintopics:“wanderinglikeanimmortal”,“becomingarecluse”Thesouthernyuefusongs南朝樂(lè)府(yuèfǔ)民歌木蘭詩(shī)5第五頁(yè)，共25頁(yè)。InthehandsofthelateEasternJinpoetTaoYuanming(365?–427,alsoknownasTaoQian),theconventionalvocabularyandimagesofpoemsonreclusionweretransformedintoamuchmorepersonalizedpoetrynotonlyaboutthepoet’sdecisiontowithdrawfrompublicservice,but,moreimportantly,abouthowhelivedandstruggledwithhisdecisionfromdaytoday.TaoYuanming’swritingswereatestimonytodiscoveringandjustifyingthevaluesofprivatelifeasopposedtothedemandsofthepublicworld;thisaspectofhisworkwasdeeplyembeddedintheculturalandintellectualcontextsofhisage.6第六頁(yè)，共25頁(yè)。TaoYuanming7第七頁(yè)，共25頁(yè)。Abriefintroduction陶淵明（352或365年—427年），字元亮，又名潛，字淵明，自號(hào)“五柳先生”，去世后友人私謚“靖節(jié)”，世稱“靖節(jié)先生”、“陶靖節(jié)”，潯陽(yáng)柴桑(cháisānɡ)（今江西省九江市）人。東晉末至南朝宋初期偉大的詩(shī)人、辭賦家。曾任江州祭酒、建威參軍、鎮(zhèn)軍參軍、彭澤縣令等職，最末一次出仕為彭澤縣令，八十多天便棄職而去，從此歸隱田園。他是中國(guó)第一位田園詩(shī)人，被稱為“古今隱逸詩(shī)人之宗”，著有《陶淵明集》。ThecareerofTaoYuanmingorTaoQianwasdividedbetweentheJinandSongdynasties.HewasbornatChaisanginXunyang,nowJiujianginJiangxi,becameaminorofficialat29andthenresignedtotilltheland.Unabletosupporthisfamily,hewaspersuadedtoacceptthemagistracyofPengze.When80dayslateritwassuggestedhesprucehimselfupforavisitfromhissuperiorheretorted,“Iwillnotbowdowntoacountryboyforfivepecksofrice,”andimmediatelyleftforhome,abandoninghispost.Eveninseclusionhewashoundedbymisfortune.Hishouseburneddownwhenhewas44,andhislasttwodecadeswerepassedindestitution,thoughherefusedofficialaidwithcontempt.8第八頁(yè)，共25頁(yè)。

《飲酒(yǐnjiǔ)·其五》

結(jié)廬(jiélú)在人境，而無(wú)車馬喧。問(wèn)君何能爾？心遠(yuǎn)地自偏。采菊東籬下，悠然見(jiàn)南山。山氣日夕佳，飛鳥(niǎo)相與還。此中有真意，欲辨已忘言。9第九頁(yè)，共25頁(yè)。PoemsonDrinkingWine

楊憲益戴乃迭譯

Ihavebuiltmycottageamongstthethrongofmen,Andyetthereisnonoiseofhorseandofcarriage.Youaskme,howcanitbe?AndIreply:Whenmyheartisabsentthelaceitselfisabsent;ForIpickchrysanthemumsundertheeasternhedge,AndfarawaytothesouthIcanseethemountains,Andthemountainsmistsarelovelyatmorningandevening,Whilebirdskeepflyingacrossandbackagain.Inallthesethingsthereliesaprofoundmeaning.Iwasgoingtoexplain…butnowIforgetwhatitwas.10第十頁(yè)，共25頁(yè)。DrinkingWine(V)

許淵沖譯

Inpeople’shauntIbuildmycot;Ofwheel’sandhoof’snoiseIhearnot.Howcanitleaveonmenotrace?Secludedheartmakessecludedplace.Ipickfencesideastersatwill;CarefreeappearstheSouthernHillThemountainair’sfreshdayandnight;Togetherbirdsgohomeinflight.Whatrevelationatthisview?WordsfailmeifItrytotellyou.11第十一頁(yè)，共25頁(yè)。桃花源記(táohuāyuánjì)12第十二頁(yè)，共25頁(yè)。AmongTaoYuanming’sprosepieces,“TheRecordofPeachBlossomSpring”(Taohuayuanji)isoneofthemostbelovedtextsinclassicalChineseliterature.Itdescribesautopiancommunitywheretherearenousualsocialconstraintssuchastaxationandhierarchy,andeveryonelivesincontentment.Hiddenawayinthemountains,thecommunityisaccidentallydiscoveredbyafisherman.Later,thefishermantriestoretracehissteps,buthecanneverfindthecommunityagain.ThestoryofthePeachBlossomSpringhasinspirednumerouswritingsinlatertimesandbecomeaminorliterarytraditioninitself.13第十三頁(yè)，共25頁(yè)。桃花源記(táohuāyuánjì)晉太元中，武陵人捕魚(yú)為業(yè)。緣溪行，忘路之遠(yuǎn)近。忽逢桃花林，夾岸數(shù)百步，中無(wú)雜樹(shù)，芳草鮮美(xiānměi)，落英繽紛，漁人甚異之。復(fù)前行，欲窮其林。林盡水源，便得一山，山有小口，仿佛若有光。便舍船，從口入。初極狹，才通人。復(fù)行數(shù)十步，豁然開(kāi)朗。土地平曠，屋舍儼然，有良田美池桑竹之屬。阡陌交通，雞犬相聞。其中往來(lái)種作，男女衣著，悉如外人。黃發(fā)垂髫，并怡然自樂(lè)。見(jiàn)漁人，乃大驚，問(wèn)所從來(lái)。具答之。便要還家，設(shè)酒殺雞作食。村中聞?dòng)写巳?，咸?lái)問(wèn)訊。自云先世避秦時(shí)亂，率妻子邑人來(lái)此絕境，不復(fù)出焉，遂與外人間隔。問(wèn)今是何世，乃不知有漢，無(wú)論魏晉。此人一一為具言所聞，皆嘆惋。余人各復(fù)延至其家，皆出酒食。停數(shù)日，辭去。此中人語(yǔ)云：“不足為外人道也?！奔瘸觯闷浯?，便扶向路，處處志之。及郡下，詣太守，說(shuō)如此。太守即遣人隨其往，尋向所志，遂迷，不復(fù)得路。南陽(yáng)劉子驥，高尚士也，聞之，欣然規(guī)往。未果，尋病終，后遂無(wú)問(wèn)津者。14第十四頁(yè)，共25頁(yè)。ATaleoftheFountainofthePeachBlossomSpring

IntheyearofTaiyuanoftheJinDynasty,therelivedamaninWulingjunwhoearnedhislivingbyfishing.Oneday,herowedhisboatalongastream,unawareofhowfarhehadgonewhenallofasudden,hefoundhimselfinthemidstofawoodfullofpeachblossoms.Thewoodextendedseveralhundredfootstepsalongbothbanksofthestream.Therewerenotreesofotherkinds.Thelushgrasswasfreshandbeautifulandpeachpetalsfellinriotousprofusion.Thefishermanwassocuriousthatherowedon,inhopesofdiscoveringwherethetreesended.15第十五頁(yè)，共25頁(yè)。Attheendofthewoodwasthefountainheadofthestream.Thefishermanbeheldahill,withasmallopeningfromwhichissuedaglimmeroflight.Hesteppedashoretoexplorethecrevice.Hisfirststepstookhimintoapassagethataccommodatedonlythewidthofoneperson.Afterheprogressedaboutscoresofpaces,itsuddenlywidenedintoanopenfield.Thelandwasflatandspacious.Therewerehousesarrangedingoodorderwithfertilefields,beautifulponds,bamboogroves,mulberrytreesandpathscrisscrossingthefieldsinalldirections.Thecrowingofcocksandthebarkingofdogswerewithineveryone'searshot.Inthefieldsthevillagerswerebusywithfarmwork.Menandwomenweredressedlikepeopleoutside.Theyall,oldandyoung,appearedhappy.16第十六頁(yè)，共25頁(yè)。Theyweresurprisedatseeingthefisherman,who,beingaskedwherehecamefrom,answeredtheireveryquestion.Thentheyinvitedhimtovisittheirhomes,killedchickens,andservedwinetoentertainhim.Asthewordsofhisarrivalspread,theentirevillageturnedouttogreethim.Theytoldhimthattheirancestorshadcometothisisolatedhaven,bringingtheirfamiliesandthevillagepeople,toescapefromtheturmoilduringtheQinDynastyandthatfromthenonwards,theyhadbeencutofffromtheoutsideworld.Theywerecurioustoknowwhatdynastyitwasnow.TheydidnotknowtheHanDynasty,nottomentiontheWeiandtheJindynasties.Thefishermantoldthemallthethingstheywantedtoknow.Theysighed.Thevillagersofferedhimonefeastafteranother.Theyentertainedhimwithwineanddeliciousfood.Afterseveraldays,thefishermantookhisleave.Thevillagepeopleentreatedhimnottoletothersknowoftheirexistence.17第十七頁(yè)，共25頁(yè)。Onceout,thefishermanfoundhisboatandrowedhomeward,leavingmarksalltheway.Whenhecamebacktothejun,hereportedhisadventuretotheprefect,whoimmediatelysentpeopletolookfortheplace,withthefishermanasaguide.However,themarkshehadleftcouldnolongerbefound.Theygotlostandcouldnotfindtheway.LiuZijiofNanyangjun,alearnedscholarofhighrepute,wasexcitedwhenheheardthefisherman'sstory.Hedevisedaplantofindthevillage,butitwasnotcarriedout.Liudiedsoonafterwards,andafterhisdeath,nooneelsemadeanyattempttofindit.18第十八頁(yè)，共25頁(yè)。桃花源的重要(zhòngyào)影響1.早期烏托邦?；诂F(xiàn)實(shí)運(yùn)用想象勾勒出的一副理想社會(huì)的圖景?！爸庇谖蹪崾澜缰辛肀僖惶斓亍?。在桃花源中，只有父子無(wú)君臣，人人勞動(dòng)無(wú)剝削，大家平等無(wú)壓迫，和平幸福無(wú)戰(zhàn)亂，這些都是對(duì)當(dāng)時(shí)社會(huì)的不滿和否定，“世外桃源(shìwàitáoyuán)”成為人們心目中理想社會(huì)的代稱，對(duì)后世影響深遠(yuǎn)。Anearlyformoftheutopia.2.以漁夫和桃花源中的人進(jìn)行對(duì)比，肯定了桃花源中人的淳樸熱情，婉諷了世俗的背約寡信和邀名號(hào)利。3.文章還在虛構(gòu)的情節(jié)中雜以真人姓名，以增強(qiáng)其真實(shí)感，似早期的報(bào)告文學(xué)。4.敘述簡(jiǎn)潔明暢，語(yǔ)言清新省凈，文風(fēng)真率自然，毫無(wú)雕飾，體現(xiàn)了陶淵明文章疏朗清淡的風(fēng)格。19第十九頁(yè)，共25頁(yè)。SignificanceofTaoYuanmingThepersonalizedvoiceofapoetTaoYuanmingiscertainlynotthefirstChinesepoettowritepoemsonreclusion,buthisuniquenessliesinthefactthathetransformstheconventionalvocabularyandstockimagesofpoetryonreclusionintoahighlypersonalizedpoetry,andcombinestraditionalthemesandformswithacomplexindividualvoice.Morethananyonebeforehim,hispoetryalludestotheparticularcircumstancesofthepoetinthehistoricalhereandnowratherthantoagenericgentleman-recluse.Suchgesturesofindividuationcanbeseenaspartofalargerdiscursivetendencyfromthethirdcenturyon.TaoYuanming,however,integratesthenarrativeelementintohispoetryitself,makingiteffectivelyapoetryofautobiography,evenifthisautobiographyisahighlyconstructedself-imageratherthanan“objective”documentary.20第二十頁(yè)，共25頁(yè)。Simplicityinlanguageandstyle:Incontrastwiththeformalsocialversewrittenbyhiscontemporaries,TaoYuanmingusedasimple,unpretentiouslanguagetorecordtheeventsofdailylifeaswellashisthoughtsandfeelings.Thesimplicityofhisstyleshouldnot,however,obscurethepoet’sself-consciousnessandsophistication,whicharerarelyfoundinhiscontemporaries’rhetoricallymoreelaborate,butemotionallylesscomplicated,writings.21第二十一頁(yè)，共25頁(yè)。