2018-2019學年英語新導學浙江專用選修七講義：Unit 1-Period Three

學必求其心得，業(yè)必貴于專精學必求其心得，業(yè)必貴于專精學必求其心得，業(yè)必貴于專精PeriodThreeGrammar—RevisetheInfinitive課文原句感知1．Unfortunately，thedoctorsdon'tknowhowtomake(make)mebetter。2．ThenIstartedtoget(get）weakerandweaker，untilIcouldonlyenjoyfootballfromabenchatthestadium。3．Noonecouldgivemydiseaseanameanditisdifficulttoknow(know）whatthefutureholds。4．Sometimes,too，Iwastooweaktogo(go)toschoolsomyeducationsuffered。5．Iamhappytohavefound（find)manythingsIcando，likewritingandcomputerprogramming。6．Myambitionistowork(work）forafirmthatdevelopscomputersoftwarewhenIgrowup.7．LastyearIinventedacomputerfootballgameandabigcompanyhasdecidedtobuy(buy）itfromme.8．Ihaveaverybusylifewithnotimetosit(sit）aroundfeelingsorryformyself.9．Tolook（look)aftermypetsproperlytakesalotoftimebutIfinditworthwhile。10．Ihavetoworkhardtolive（live)anormallifebutithasbeenworthit。11．Justacceptthemforwhotheyare,andgivethemencouragementtolive（live)asrichandfullalifeasyoudo。動詞不定式是非謂語動詞的一種,它沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化，動詞不定式具有名詞、形容詞和副詞的特征,在句中可以作主語、賓語、表語、定語、狀語、賓語補足語等,但不能作謂語.一、結構基本結構:to＋動詞原形，有時不定式符號to可以省略。否定形式：notto＋動詞原形。不定式有形式和語態(tài)變化，通常有下表中的幾種形式(以do為例）：形式主動被動一般式todotobedone完成式tohavedonetohavebeendone進行式tobedoing完成進行式tohavebeendoing二、用法1．作主語動詞不定式作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。Toloveandtobelovedisthegreatesthappinessonecanseek。愛與被愛是一個人所能尋找的最大的幸福。為了避免頭重腳輕,常用it作形式主語放在句首，作主語的不定式常置于句末。Itwouldbebetterforyoutogothere。你還是去的好。注意：(1)若要說明不定式表示的動作的發(fā)出者的話，要在不定式前加for引起的短語，構成“for＋名詞（或代詞賓格）＋不定式”短語,這一短語被稱為不定式的復合結構。（2)在“Itis＋adj.＋不定式復合結構”句型中，當其中的形容詞是說明邏輯主語的性質(zhì)、品質(zhì)時,要由of引出邏輯主語，不能用for.這類形容詞主要有clever,foolish，kind，nice，polite,silly，stupid，wise等。It’seasyforhimtoworkoutthismathproblem。對他來說解出這道數(shù)學題很容易。Itwascarelessofhimtomakesuchamistake.＝Hewascarelesstomakesuchamistake。犯了這樣的錯誤，他太粗心了。2．作表語動詞不定式放在be，become，sound，taste等系動詞后面常表示將來的動作或起解釋說明作用，其主語常常是wish，idea，task，purpose，duty，job等表示意向、打算、計劃的詞。Myambitionistoworkforafirmthatdevelopscomputersoftware.我的目標是在開發(fā)電腦軟件的公司里工作.Toseeistobelieve.眼見為實。動詞不定式作表語時也常用來表示預定要發(fā)生的動作,或表示未來的可能性或假設。Thestudentsaretomeetattheschoolgatetomorrow.明天學生們將在學校大門口見面。Herplanistobeafailure。她的計劃是注定要失敗的.3．作賓語（1）直接作及物動詞的賓語只能跟不定式作賓語的動詞有：afford(付得起)，agree（同意），aim(力爭），appear(顯得)，arrange(安排),attempt(試圖），choose(選擇），claim(聲稱)，decide(決定），demand（要求），determine(決心)，expect（期待)，fail（未履行），help(幫助)，hesitate(猶豫），hope（希望)，learn（學會)，manage(設法）,neglect（疏忽）,offer（主動提出)，plan(計劃)，prepare(準備）,pretend（假裝)，promise(答應)，prove(證明)，refuse（拒絕),seem（似乎)，swear(發(fā)誓)，tend（往往會），threaten(恐嚇）,undertake(承諾），volunteer(自愿做)，vow（發(fā)誓),want（想要），wish(希望)等。Thedriverfailedtoseetheothercarintime.司機沒能及時看見另一輛車.（2)“疑問詞＋不定式”,不定式前可帶what，who，which,where，when，how，whether等疑問詞。Pleaseshowushowtodealwiththehaze。請告訴我們?nèi)绾螒獙F霾。Idon'tknowwhichonetochoose。我不知道選哪一個.(3）常用句型“主語＋v.＋it＋adj。/n。＋todosth?！?。其中，it為形式賓語,todo為真正的賓語.能用于這一句型的動詞有:believe，consider，feel，find，make，suppose，think等。Ithinkitveryusefultolearnaforeignlanguage。我認為學一門外語很有用。4．作定語(1)動詞不定式作定語時，要放在它所修飾的名詞或代詞后面。Attention，please。Ihavesomethingimportanttosay.請注意，我有重要的事情要說。Everydayhemadeoneofthesmalleranimalsbringhimsomethingtoeat.他每天讓一個小動物給他帶來一些吃的東西。（2)如果不定式是不及物動詞，后面就應有必要的介詞。Givemeapieceofpapertowriteon。給我一張紙寫字。（3)當中心詞為序數(shù)詞，最高級，thelast,theonly等或中心詞被這類詞修飾時，常用不定式作定語.Sheishard。workingandisalwaysthefirstonetocomeeveryday.她很勤奮，每天總是第一個來。Heistheonlypersontoknowthetruth。他是唯一了解真相的人.5．作狀語(1)表示目的Shewenttothehospitaltoseehergrandfatheryesterday。昨天她去醫(yī)院看望了她爺爺。Tokeepupwithothers，hehasbeenworkingveryhard。為了趕上別人,他一直在努力學習.注意:作目的狀語的不定式前，常加上inorder或soas,但soas不能位于句首。Sheaskedmetodrivehertotheairportinorder/soastocatchthe5：00plane.為了趕上5點的飛機，她讓我開車把她送到機場。(2）表示結果動詞不定式作狀語表示結果時常用如下結構：so＋形容詞/副詞＋astodo如此……以致……such＋形容詞＋名詞＋astodo如此……以致……enough＋名詞＋todo足夠……名詞/形容詞/副詞＋enough＋todo足夠……too＋形容詞/副詞＋todo太……以致不能……Heisnotsostupid(suchafool)astodothat.他還沒有蠢到做那種事。TheCalifornianshiparrivedtoolatetosavemorepeople.加利福尼亞號來得太晚，沒能挽救更多的人。注意：不定式短語表示結果時，常與only連用,暗示一種意外的結果。Hehurriedtothestation,onlytofindthetrainhadleft。他匆忙趕到車站，卻發(fā)現(xiàn)火車開走了。(3）表示原因不定式作原因狀語，常用在某些表示喜、怒、哀、樂等的形容詞后。I'msorrytohearyourgrandmaisill.聽到你奶奶生病我很難過。(4）在“be＋性質(zhì)形容詞＋不定式”結構中，常見的形容詞有:easy,hard，difficult，interesting，heavy，pleasant，light，good，fit，comfortable，safe，dangerous，impossible等。Theboxisnoteasytocarry.這個箱子不易攜帶。注意：此句型中todo不定式用主動形式表被動意義。6．作賓補（1）不定式常跟在下列動詞之后作賓補：ask，advise,get，allow，beg，cause，command，enable,encourage，expect,force，inform，invite,mean，order，permit，persuade，remind，remain，require,refuse，request，teach，tell,urge，warn等.MyfriendinvitedmetoseethefilmBorninChinayesterday.昨天我的朋友邀請我去看了電影—-《我們誕生在中國》。Whotaughtyoutoplaythemusic?誰教你彈這首曲子的？(2)使役動詞let，have，make等和感官動詞see,watch，look,notice，observe,hear，listento，smell，feel,find等后跟不定式作賓補時，省略to。get除外(getsb。todosth.)。Theteachermadehimsaythewordlikethis。老師讓他像這樣念這個單詞。注意：上述動詞變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時不定式符號to不能省掉。Thechildrenwereseentorundownthestreet。有人看到孩子們沿著這條街跑了。單句語法填空1．Youdon'thavetorunfastorforlongtosee(see）thebenefit.(2018·全國Ⅰ）2．Thegovernmentencouragesfarmerstogrowcorninsteadofricetoimprove(improve)waterquality。(2018·全國Ⅱ)3．Oncehismessagewasdelivered，heallowedmetostay（stay）andwatch。（2018·全國Ⅲ）4．Theyarerequiredtoprocess(process）thefoodthatweeat，torecoverfrominjuryandforseveralotherbodilyfunctions.(2017·全國Ⅰ）5．Skilledworkersalsocombinevarioushardwoodsandmetaltocreate(create)specialdesigns.(2016·全國Ⅲ）6．For25days，sheneverleftherbaby,noteventofindsomethingtoeat(eat)?。?016·四川）7．Tomake（make)iteasiertogetintouchwithus,you’dbetterkeepthiscardathand.(2016·北京）8．Whenanewdaybreaks,thewallshavegivenuptheirheatandarenowcoldenoughtocool(cool）thehouseduringthehotday。(2015·全國Ⅱ)9．Sincetheplantstookawhiletogrow，hestartedcuttingdowntreestosell(sell)thewood.（2015·廣東)10．Ittookyearsofworktoreduce(reduce）theindustrialpollutionandcleanthewater.（2014·新課標全國Ⅰ)11．Iheardapassengerbehindmeshoutingtothedriver，butherefusedtostop（stop）untilwereachedthenextstop.（2014·新課標全國Ⅱ)12．Anxiously，shetookthedressoutofthepackageandtriediton，onlytofind（find）itdidn’tfit。（2014·天津）Ⅰ.單句語法填空1．Itisnotalwayseasytorefuse（refuse)suchaninvitation。2．Howtosolve（solve）theproblemwillbediscussedattomorrow’smeeting.3．Theproblemsremaintobesettled（settle）．4．Themandownstairsfounditdifficulttoget(get)tosleep.5．TheOlympicGamestobeheld(hold）intheyear2022willbeasuccess.6．Itwassillyofyoutobelieve（believe）him。7．Herwordsmademefeel(feel)likeIwasacheat.8．Whynothave(have)atalkwithyourfatherandtellhimthetruth？9．I’msorrytohave（have）keptyouwaitingthereforsolongatime.10．Heworkedhardtopass（pass)theexam.Ⅱ.完成句子11．It’snecessarytolockthecar（鎖車是必要的）whenyoudon’tuseit.12．Hetoldmehehadnopentowritewith(沒有寫字用的鋼筆）．13．Myjobistocleantheroomeveryday（每天打掃房間)．14．Webelievehimtobeguilty(是有罪的)．15．Tofinishthetaskontime（為了按時完成任務),heworkedextrahourseveryday.Ⅲ。語法填空(2017·四川龍臺中學高二期中)Doyouliketravelling？16.Staying（stay）healthywhiletravellingcanhelptoensureyourtripisahappyand17。joyful(joy)one。Whenyouaretravellingabroad，herearethetipsyouneedtomakeyourtripmuch18。easier（easy)．Makesureyou19。havegot(get)thepassportandvisa.Also，beforeyougo，fillintheemergencyinformationpageofyourpassport!Maketwocopiesofyourpassportidentificationpage。Thiswillhelpalotifyourpassport20。isstolen（steal)．Leaveonecopyathomewithfriendsorrelatives.Carrytheotherwithyouinaseparateplace21。fromyourpassport.ReadthePublicAnnouncementorTravellingWarningsforthecountriesyouplantovisit.Getyourselffamiliarwithlocallawsandcustomsofthecountriestowhichyou22。aretravelling（travel)．Leaveacopyofyouritinerary(旅行日程）withrelativesorfriendsathomesothatyoucanbecontactedincaseof23.anemergency.Donotacceptpackagesfromstrangers。Donotcarrytoomuchmoney24。orunnecessarycreditcards。Ifwemakeenough25。preparations（prepare），wewillsucceed.Haveagoodtime.Ⅰ.閱讀理解（2018·黑龍江哈三中高二期中)Anewstudyhasdiscoveredthatmeditation（冥想）andoxygensporttogetherreducedepression.TheRutgersUniversitystudyfoundthatthismindandbodycombination，donetwiceaweekforonlytwomonths,reducedthesymptomsforagroupofstudentsby40percent?！癢eareexcitedbythefindingsbecausewehaveseensuchameaningfulimprovementinbothclinicallydepressedandnon。depressedstudents，”saidleadauthorDrBrandonAlderman?！癐tisthefirsttimethatbothofthesetwobehavioralwayshavebeenlookedattogetherfordealingwithdepression?！盧esearchersbelievethetwoactivitieshaveaninteractiveeffectincombatingdepression.AldermanandDrTraceyShorsdiscoveredthatacombinationofmentalandphysicaltraining(MAP）enabledstudentswithmajordepressivedisordernottoletproblemsornegativethoughtsdefeatthem.Rutgersresearcherssaythosewhoparticipatedinthestudybeganwith30minutesoffocusedattentionmeditationfollowedby30minutesofoxygensport。Theyweretoldthatiftheirthoughtsdriftedtothepastorthefuture，theyshouldrefocusontheirbreathing,enablingthosewithdepressiontoacceptmoment。to.momentchangesinattention.Shors,whostudiestheproductionofnewbraincellsinthehippocampus—partofthebraininvolvedinmemoryandlearning—saysscientistshaveshowninanimalmodelsthatoxygensportexercisekeepsalargenumberofcertaincellsalive.Theideaforthehumanintervention(干預）camefromherlaboratorystudies,shesays,withthemaingoalofhelpingindividualsacquirenewskillssothattheycanlearntorecoverfromstressfullifeevents.Bylearningtofocustheirattentionandexercise,peoplewhoarefightingdepressioncanacquirenewlearningskillsthatcanhelpthemprocessinformationandreducetheoverwhelmingrecollectionofmemoriesfromthepast，Shorssays.“Weknowthesetreatmentscanbepracticedoveralifetimeandthattheywillbeeffectiveinimprovingmentalhealth，"saidAlderman?！癟hegoodnewsisthatthisinterventioncanbepracticedbyanyoneatanytimeandatnocost?！闭Z篇解讀本文是一篇說明文。本文主要介紹了一項研究成果—-將冥想和有氧運動結合起來治療抑郁有很明顯的效果。1．Whatmadetheresearchsodifferent?A．Adoptingawayofmeaningfultalk。B．Combiningthetwowaystotreatdepression。C．Treatingdepressionwithspecialmedicine.D．Comparingthedepressedwiththenon.depressed.答案B解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Itisthefirsttimethatbothofthesetwobehavioralwayshavebeenlookedattogetherfordealingwithdepression.”可知，這項研究第一次將冥想和有氧運動兩種途徑結合起來治療抑郁。故選B。2．Theunderlinedword“combating”inParagraph3canbereplacedby“"．A．fighting B．identifyingC．distinguishing D．examining答案A解析詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第一段可知，將冥想和有氧運動結合起來對治療抑郁有很明顯的效果;由畫線詞后一句可知,二者的結合能夠讓患抑郁癥的學生不被困難或消極思想打敗。因此“combating”的意思應該為“防止;與……作斗爭”，與fighting意思一樣。故選A。3．Whatdidtheparticipantsdointheresearch？A．Theydidoxygensporthalfanhourbeforethinking.B．Theythoughtquietlyandthentookexercise。C．Theytookexerciselongerthantheythought。D．Theytookexercisewhilethinkingquietly。答案B解析細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段第一句可知，這項研究的參與者先冥想30分鐘,然后再做30分鐘的有氧運動。故選B。4．WhatisShors’mainpurposeofherstudies?A．Tofindoutcertainbraincellsofhumans.B．Tostudytheproductionofnewbraincells。C．Toofferpeopleanewmethodtotreatstress.D．Todecidethelinksbetweenstressandexercise。答案C解析推理判斷題.根據(jù)第六段中的“...shesays,withthemaingoalofhelpingindividualsacquirenewskillssothattheycanlearntorecoverfromstressfullifeevents.”可知，Shors所進行的研究的主要目的是幫助人們獲得一些新的應對壓力的技能。故選C。Ⅱ。完形填空（2018·陜西榆林一中高二期中)Theskywasgettingdarkaswewalkedthroughtheforest。MytwofriendsandIfelthotand5。WewereheadingforasmallvillageinnorthernIndia.Thevillagerswere6us，butwewerealreadyfourhourslate.Asthelastofthedaylight7,webegantofeelvery8andafraid.Wetriedtofindourwaytothevillage，butitwas9totellwhichpathweshouldfollowinthedarkness.Allaroundus,strangecreaturesmade10noisesastheywokeupandbegantohuntforfood。Wehopedtheywouldn’twanttoeatus!ThenGeorge，whowasinfront，11suddenly.Herantowardsusrapidly，pointingatalarge，darkshapemovingthroughthetrees.Wecould12theblackstripes(條紋)andshiningyelloweyesofthemostdangerousanimalinthe13。Westaredatthetiger，too14tomove.Afterafewsecondsthatfeltlikehours,therewasthesoundofbranchesbreaking，andthetigerjumpedatus，roaring(咆哮)loudly.We15，becauseweweresureitwouldkillus.16，though，thetigerstopped—andthenInoticedthatithadsixlegs,twoofthem17！The“tiger”stoodup，andayoungman18thestripedskincoveringhisheadandshoulders.“Hello!”hesaid,smilingbroadly.“I’mAbifromthevillage.Whenyoudidn’t19，wewereworried，soIcameto20you，”heexplained?！癐t’straditionalforusto21thetigerskintogreetnewguests.。。andIcouldn’thelpplayingatrickonyou！Ihopeyoudon’t22?！盧ecoveringfromthe23，webegantolaugh.WefollowedAbitohisvillage，wherethevillagersgaveusawarm24.語篇解讀本文主要講了作者和朋友們在印度森林中的一次經(jīng)歷，他們遇到一只老虎向他們撲過來,驚恐萬分.后來得知是那個地方的習俗,穿著老虎皮迎接新的客人。原來是虛驚一場！5．A.cold B．a(chǎn)ngryC．hurt D．tired答案D解析由上文中的“wewalkedthroughtheforest”及下文中的“butwewerealreadyfourhourslate”可知，此處指“我”和“我”的朋友又熱又累。tired疲倦的。故選D。6．A。expecting B．doubtingC．a(chǎn)ccepting D．believing答案A解析由最后一段中的“WefollowedAbitohisvillage，wherethevillagersgaveusawarm."可知，村民們正期盼著“我們”。expect期盼。故選A。7．A。broke B．continuedC．a(chǎn)pproached D．disappeared答案D解析句意為:當最后一抹陽光消失的時候，我們感到非常迷茫和害怕。disappear消失.故選D.8．A。busy B．lostC．dirty D．hot答案B解析由下文中的“Wetriedtofindourwaytothevillage，butitwastotellwhichpathweshouldfollowinthedarkness.”可知，“我們"感到非常迷茫。lost迷惑的.故選B。9．A。simple B．safeC．hard D．popular答案C解析句意為：在黑暗中，很難辨別我們應該走哪一條小路.hard困難的。故選C。10．A.funny B．impoliteC．terrifying D．encouraging答案C解析此處指當一些奇怪的生物醒來開始覓食時，會發(fā)出令人恐懼的聲響.terrifying令人恐懼的。故選C。11．A.started B．stoppedC．smiled D．changed答案B解析由下文中的“Herantowardsusrapidly,pointingatalarge,darkshapemovingthroughthetrees?！笨芍?，前面的George突然停下了.stop停止。故選B.12．A。see B．forgetC．miss D．imagine答案A解析句意為：我們可以看到動物園中最危險的動物，它有著黑色條紋和亮晶晶的黃色眼睛.see看到。故選A。13．A.zoo B．forestC．garden D．house答案A解析參考上一題的解析可知選A。14．A。excited B．puzzledC．a(chǎn)shamed D．frightened答案D解析由該空前面的“Westaredatthetiger”可知，“我們"太害怕老虎了,不敢向前移動。frightened害怕的。故選D.15．A.laughed B．beggedC．shouted D．a(chǎn)rgued答案C解析由上文中的“Afterafewsecondsthatfeltlikehours，therewasthesoundofbranchesbreaking，andthetigerjumpedatus，roaring（咆哮)loudly.”可知，老虎朝“我們”撲過來，“我們"自然是嚇得大喊。shout喊叫。故選C。16．A。Immediately B．UnluckilyC．Secretly D．Strangely答案D解析由該空后面的“though，thetigerstopped—andthenInoticedthatithadsixlegs，twoofthem”可知,這只老虎長了六條腿，有兩條腿是人腿,這很奇怪。strangely奇怪地.故選D。17．A。local B．humanC．guests D．tigers答案B解析參考上一題的解析可知選B。18．A.triedon B．tookoffC．threwaway D．broughtout答案B解析句意為:一個年輕人脫掉有條紋的老虎皮。takeoff脫掉。故選B。19．A。wait B．followC．a(chǎn)rrive D．leave答案C解析句意為:你們沒有到，我們很擔心,所以我來尋找你們。arrive到達。故選C。20．A。lookfor B．lookafterC．lookat D．lookto答案A解析參考上一題的解析.lookfor尋找。故選A。21．A.send B．wearC．cut D．wave答案B解析句意為：穿著老虎皮迎接新客人，是我們的傳統(tǒng)。wear穿著.故選B。22．A.mind B．failC．work D．remember答案A解析由上文中的“andIcouldn’thelpplayingatrickonyou"可知，這個穿著老虎皮的年輕人希望“我們”不要介意。mind介意.故選A.23．A。pain B．injuryC．shock D．a(chǎn)ccident答案C解析句意為：從震驚中回過神來之后，我們開始大笑起來.shock震驚.故選C。24．A。heart B．feelingC．welcome D．invitation答案C解析句意為：村民們給予我們熱烈的歡迎。welcome歡迎。故選C。Ⅲ.語法填空(2018·溫州六校協(xié)作體高二期中聯(lián)考）Whentheyleaveschoolnowadays，boyswanttodesigncomputergames,flyjetfightersorgointopopmusic.WhenIwasachild,allthatanyboywantedtodowasdriveatrain,andIwasthesame.That's25。whyweusedtospendSaturdaymorningsstandingonabridgeovertherailwayline26。watching（watch)trainsgoupanddowntodifferentplaces.Iwasfirsttaughttodriveasteamtrain。Itwas27.really(real）hardwork—notlikedrivinganexpresstrainnow.AsalearnerdriverIwastaughttokeepcalmandI’mgladtosaythatIhaveneveroncegotinto28.apanic.AbirdoncehitthewindscreenofthetrainwhenI29.wastravel(l)ing（travel)at80milesanhour.Ikeptcalm；Ididn’tbrake（剎車)，whichwaswhatImighthavedoneinacar。Igotthetraintothenextstationsafely，thoughwitha30。broken(break)windscreen。Ihate31.itwhentheserviceisdisturbedbybadweather，forexample。AsfarasI’mconcerned，thetimetablehasbeendesignedforthebenefitof32。customers(customer）andweshouldsticktoit。There’snothinglikedrivinganexpresstrain。33。FromthemomentIboardthetraintothemomentIgettothedestination,Ienjoyeveryminute，roaringdownthetrack.OfcourseI’malwaysawareofthe34。safety（safe)ofpassengers.Ⅳ。概要寫作（2017·浙江9＋1聯(lián)盟高二期中)閱讀下面短文,根據(jù)其內(nèi)容寫一篇60詞左右的內(nèi)容概要。Antibiotics(抗生素)，insulin(胰島素)，organtransplantationandHIVtreatments-itreadslikeanAtoZofmedicalprogress.Butthemajorprogresshassomethingincommon：theywerealldevelopedandtestedbyusinganimals.Actually，animalsareusedforresearchinavarietyoffields.Whetherornothumansshoulduseanimalsfortestingpurposes，however,isacontroversialtopic。Animaltestingallowsresearcherstodevelopnewmedicineandtreatments，advancingthefieldofmedicineandimprovingthehealthofsociety.Forexample，manydrugsusedtotreatorprevent