2019屆中考英語(yǔ)二輪復(fù)習(xí)《第1講簡(jiǎn)單句并列句復(fù)合句》講義

簡(jiǎn)單句、并列句、復(fù)合句【知識(shí)點(diǎn)睛】一、句子分類(lèi)______、、、按_______分______句子____________按_______分____________(_______、_______、_______)二、陳說(shuō)句、疑問(wèn)句、祈使句、惋惜句陳說(shuō)句：用于說(shuō)明事實(shí)或說(shuō)話人的看法疑問(wèn)句：用于發(fā)問(wèn)祈使句：用于表示央求、命令、勸說(shuō)、建議等惋惜句：用于表達(dá)激烈的感情（一）陳說(shuō)句有一定和否定兩種形式，多以句號(hào)結(jié)尾，讀降調(diào)。陳說(shuō)句的否定式：be的否定式（be作系動(dòng)詞和助動(dòng)詞）助動(dòng)詞、神態(tài)動(dòng)詞的否定式除not外，其余否定詞也可以構(gòu)成否定句用no表示，no=notany/anever從不，決不，永不seldom極少hardly幾乎不3)little,few幾乎沒(méi)有noone/nobody沒(méi)有人nothing什么也沒(méi)有6)neitherof()noneof()tooto（二）疑問(wèn)句一般疑問(wèn)句1）用什么詞發(fā)問(wèn)，用什么詞回答。—Areyouastudent?你是一個(gè)學(xué)生嗎？—Yes,Iam.是的，我是。/—No,I’mnot.不，我不是。（2）否定的一般疑問(wèn)句常常表示驚訝、贊美、思疑等語(yǔ)氣。（注意yes/no的翻譯）—Don’tyouwatchTVatnight?你夜晚不看電視嗎？—Yes,Ido.不，我看電視。/—No,Idon’t.是的，我不看電視。3）用其余詞語(yǔ)取代yes/no，使語(yǔ)氣更客氣、委宛?！狢anyougotothemovieswithme?你能和我一起去看電影嗎？—I’mafraidnot.Ihavemuchhomeworktodo.唯恐不可以，我有很多作業(yè)要做。特別疑問(wèn)句用特別疑問(wèn)詞來(lái)指引，不用________回答。特別疑問(wèn)詞包含疑問(wèn)代詞、疑問(wèn)副詞和疑問(wèn)詞組。1）疑問(wèn)代詞：what,who,which,whose,whom（2）疑問(wèn)副詞：when,where,why,how（對(duì)狀語(yǔ)進(jìn)行發(fā)問(wèn)）（3）疑問(wèn)詞組：howsoon,howlong,howfar,howoften等（4）否定的特別疑問(wèn)句一般有勸說(shuō)、建議、責(zé)備等意味。Whydon’tyoucomehere?Whynotcomehere?選擇疑問(wèn)句提出兩種或以上的狀況要對(duì)方選擇，不可以用________回答，要用完好的句子或其省略形式。（1）一般選擇疑問(wèn)句句式—Doyouliketeaorcoffee?—Iliketea.2）特別選擇疑問(wèn)句句式—Whichdoyoulikebetter,teaorcoffee?—Iprefertea.反意疑問(wèn)句1）結(jié)構(gòu)：“陳說(shuō)部分，簡(jiǎn)短問(wèn)句？”2）原則：_______________，______________3）三步走：第1步將陳說(shuō)部分變?yōu)橐话阋蓡?wèn)句第2步提取“助動(dòng)詞(或be動(dòng)詞)+主語(yǔ)”，當(dāng)主語(yǔ)為名詞時(shí)，要變?yōu)榇~第3步前肯后否，前否后肯（能縮就縮）4）回答：腳踏實(shí)地【翻譯】——Lucy從不早起，是嗎？——是的，她從不早起。/不，她有時(shí)早起。__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________（三）祈使句特色：以____________開(kāi)頭，省略第二人稱(chēng)主語(yǔ)_______；若要表示禮貌，可以加上語(yǔ)氣詞___________。一定式否定式特別式Standup!Don’tstandup!Nosmoking/parking!Bequiet!Don’tbenoisy!Nophotos!Lethimin!Don’tlethimin!（四）惋惜句惋惜句是用來(lái)表達(dá)人的特別感情的句子，可以表達(dá)人的喜、怒、哀、樂(lè)等感情色彩。惋惜句可以是一個(gè)單詞、一個(gè)不定式、一個(gè)由短語(yǔ)構(gòu)成的獨(dú)立句，也可以是由

what

或

how指引的句子，句末常用“

!”。Great!Agoodjob!_______________________________Whatagoodday(itis)!Whatterribleweather(itis)!Whatsmartstudents(theyare)!_______________________________Howterrible(theweatheris)!Howsmart(thestudentsare)!Howfastheruns!【填空】___________talltheboyis!___________lovelychildren!___________usefulbookitis!___________excitingnews!三、簡(jiǎn)單句、并列句、復(fù)合句簡(jiǎn)單句：由一個(gè)主語(yǔ)(或并列主語(yǔ))和一個(gè)謂語(yǔ)(或并列謂語(yǔ))構(gòu)成的句子。Iamastudent.LilyandLucyaretwins.Hewentuptothedoor,openeditandentered.Shewillgothereeitherthisweekornextweek.并列句：由并列連詞(and,so,but,or等)把兩個(gè)或以上的簡(jiǎn)單句連在一起構(gòu)成的句子。Hedidtheworkandhediditwell.Ilikemusic,butIdon’tlikethissong.Eitheryouleave,orTomleaves.復(fù)合句：由一個(gè)主句和一個(gè)或一個(gè)以上的從句構(gòu)成的句子。Doyouknowwheremybikeis?Johnfellasleepwhilehewaslisteningtothemusic.ThatisthewomanImetyesterday.（一）常有句子成分主語(yǔ)：句子所要說(shuō)的人或物；平時(shí)由名詞或代詞擔(dān)當(dāng)謂語(yǔ)：說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)；由主動(dòng)詞充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)：及物動(dòng)詞或介詞的對(duì)象或結(jié)果；平時(shí)由名詞或代詞擔(dān)當(dāng)表語(yǔ)：在系動(dòng)詞后，表示主語(yǔ)身份或特色；平時(shí)由名詞、代詞、形容詞充當(dāng)定語(yǔ)：修飾名詞或代詞；平時(shí)由形容詞、代詞、數(shù)詞擔(dān)當(dāng)狀語(yǔ)：修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞；平時(shí)由副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)擔(dān)當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)：說(shuō)明賓語(yǔ)怎么樣或干什么；常由形容詞、動(dòng)詞擔(dān)當(dāng)同位語(yǔ)：平時(shí)緊跟在名詞、代詞后，進(jìn)一步說(shuō)明它的狀況（二）簡(jiǎn)單句五大基本句型主系表/主謂(vi.)/主謂(vt.)賓/主謂(vt.)賓賓/主謂(vt.)賓賓補(bǔ)（三）連詞連接詞與詞或短語(yǔ)與短語(yǔ)________表_________________表________連接簡(jiǎn)單句與簡(jiǎn)單句________連詞表________表____________________________連接主句與從句______________________________四、三大從句（一）賓語(yǔ)從句含義：在主從復(fù)合句中充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)的句子。WeknowJackisalazystudent.Wearetalkingaboutwhetherit

’sacat

.Heisunhappythathedidn

’tpasstheexam.分類(lèi)：動(dòng)詞后賓語(yǔ)從句、介詞后賓語(yǔ)從句、形容詞后賓語(yǔ)從句三因素：________、________、_______________(可省略)賓語(yǔ)從句：陳說(shuō)句_______________賓語(yǔ)從句：一般疑問(wèn)句連接詞_______________賓語(yǔ)從句：特別疑問(wèn)句語(yǔ)序_________語(yǔ)序______________________________時(shí)態(tài)_______________MissLisaidthattheearth________(be)round.【難點(diǎn)1】只用連接詞whether的狀況I’mthinkingabout__________Ishouldseethefilm.Ihaven’tdecided__________togotothecinema.I’mnotsure__________ornotit’sworthseeingthefilm.結(jié)論：________________________________________【難點(diǎn)2】特別疑問(wèn)句自己語(yǔ)序?yàn)殛愓f(shuō)語(yǔ)序的句子Whobrokethewindow?Whathappenedlastnight?What’sthematter/thetrouble?What’sup/wrong?Whenwillwemeet?【難點(diǎn)3】賓語(yǔ)從句和簡(jiǎn)單句的變換Idon’tknowwhatIcan/shoulddonext.=Idon’tknowwhattodonext.Hecouldn’tdecidewhichonehecould/shouldbuy.=Hecouldn’tdecidewhichonetobuy.CouldyoutellmehowIcangettothezoo?=Couldyoutellme_________________________?結(jié)論：1.當(dāng)主句的________與從句的________一致時(shí)，且主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是know,decide,learn等時(shí)，此復(fù)合句可變換成簡(jiǎn)單句，即從句部分改為“特別疑問(wèn)詞+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)。2.當(dāng)主句謂語(yǔ)是ask,tell,show,teach等________動(dòng)詞時(shí)，且主句的______________和從句的________一致時(shí)，此復(fù)合句可變換成簡(jiǎn)單句，即從句部分改為“特別疑問(wèn)詞+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)。（二）狀語(yǔ)從句含義：在主從復(fù)合句中充當(dāng)狀語(yǔ)的句子。Thebushadleftwhenwearrivedatthestation.分類(lèi)：時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，條件狀語(yǔ)從句，退步狀語(yǔ)從句，原由狀語(yǔ)從句，結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句句，比較狀語(yǔ)從句各種狀語(yǔ)從句連詞：狀語(yǔ)從句連詞(隸屬連詞)

目的狀語(yǔ)從時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句條件狀語(yǔ)從句退步狀語(yǔ)從句原由狀語(yǔ)從句結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句目的狀語(yǔ)從句比較狀語(yǔ)從句【難點(diǎn)1】when,while,as的差別when：指時(shí)間點(diǎn)或時(shí)間段；前后動(dòng)作可

__________發(fā)生或

__________發(fā)生while：只表一段時(shí)間；前后動(dòng)作__________發(fā)生，while后加__________動(dòng)詞(或表狀態(tài))as：前后動(dòng)作并行發(fā)生，“一邊一邊”；“跟著”GivethisbiketoMary__________shecomesnextweek.ReturnthebooktoLily__________youhavefinishedreadingit.Iwasdoingmyhomework_________mymothercamein.Youmustbequiet__________Kateisdoingherhomework.__________TomwaswatchingTV,hisparentsweretakingawalk.Shedidsports________shelistenedtomusic.【難點(diǎn)2】because,for,since,as的差別because“________”(隸屬連詞)指直接原由，語(yǔ)氣最強(qiáng)。Ididthatbecauseshetoldmeto.2)since“________”(隸屬連詞)表示人們已知的事實(shí)，語(yǔ)氣比because弱。Sinceyoucan’tanswerthequestion,youcanasksomeoneelseforhelp.3)as“________”(隸屬連詞)表示不問(wèn)可知、不問(wèn)可知的原由；語(yǔ)氣比since弱。Asitisraining,you’dbettertakeataxi.4)for“________”(________連詞)不表直接原由，表附帶或推測(cè)的原由，for指引的是并列句。Itrainedlastnight,forthegroundiswetnow.【難點(diǎn)3】“主將/祈/情從現(xiàn)”現(xiàn)象在時(shí)間、條件、退步狀語(yǔ)從句中，當(dāng)主句是____________或____________或____________的句子時(shí)，從句要用_____________取代未來(lái)。Don’tpointatotherswithyourchopstickswhenyou_______(eat).Theboyisverycarefulwhenhe_______(cross)theroad.Youcanrealizeyourdreamaslongasyou________(not)giveup.Whateveryou_______(do),whereveryou________(go),Iwillbeherewaitingforyou.注意：主將從現(xiàn)不過(guò)一種語(yǔ)法現(xiàn)象，只有“主將”，才有“從現(xiàn)”。時(shí)間、條件、退步狀語(yǔ)從句還可以使用其余的很多時(shí)態(tài)。（三）定語(yǔ)從句含義：在主從復(fù)合句中充當(dāng)定語(yǔ)的句子。Adoctorisapersonwholooksafterpeople’shealth.結(jié)構(gòu)：先行詞(指人/指物)關(guān)系詞關(guān)系詞在定語(yǔ)從句中的成分【難點(diǎn)1】定語(yǔ)從句中關(guān)系詞只好用that的狀況1)當(dāng)先行詞是________時(shí)，如：all,none,something,everything,anything,nothing,theone等，關(guān)系詞用thatIsthisschooltheonethatyougraduatedfrom?Doyouhaveanythingthatyouwanttosayforyourself?2)當(dāng)先行詞被theonly,thevery(恰巧，正好),thesame,little,few,no,any等修飾時(shí)，關(guān)系詞用thatThisistheverybus_______Iamwaitingfor.當(dāng)先行詞既有______又有______時(shí)IneverforgettheschoolandthepeoplethatIvisitedinShanghai.當(dāng)先行詞被_______或_______修飾時(shí)ThisisthemostinterestingmoviethatIhaveeverseen.5)who或

which

指引的疑問(wèn)句后，為了防備重復(fù)，只好用

thatWhoisthegirl_______iscryingsadly?【難點(diǎn)2】當(dāng)先行詞是時(shí)間/地點(diǎn)時(shí)，用關(guān)系副詞when/where，還是關(guān)系代詞which/that?Iwillneverforgetthedays__________wespenttogether.Iwillneverforgetthedays__________Iwasinprimaryschool.Thisistheschool__________Ioftenpayavisitto.Thisistheschool__________thatteacheronceworked.【精講精練】一、判斷以下句子是簡(jiǎn)單句、并列句還是復(fù)合句，并解析成分Heoftendrewpicturesonthefloorwithchalkandwhenhismothersawwhathehaddone,shewouldquicklycleanthemwithamop.Hesearchedoutthefarmerwhomthekinghadspokentoandaskedhimtheanswertotheriddle.Somescientistswonderwhatwouldhappeniftheheatfromthecomputercouldbeused.二、填空題依據(jù)漢語(yǔ)提示及句意完成句子Mysisteristooyoungtogotoschool,____________?Nancy,sweeptheclassroom,____________?Idon’tthinkshewillagreewithme,____________?Youhadbetterstayathome,____________?—Mr.Li’sneverbeentoCanada,hashe?—______,___________.Hewentthereonbusinesslastweek.依據(jù)句意，用合適的連詞或關(guān)系詞或連接詞填空1.Workhard,________you’llpassthetesteasily.Thisisthebestbook_______Ihaveeverread.________itrainsheavily,nooneislatefortheclass.4.Youwon’tcatchthebus________youleaveimmediately.ThepopulationofChinaislarger________thatofAmerica.Hewonders________hisEnglishteachercancometoday.不僅全部的學(xué)生并且他們的英語(yǔ)老師都已讀了這本故事書(shū)。________________allthepupils________________theirEnglishteacher________________thestorybook.三、單項(xiàng)選擇()1.—_______isitfromtheNewTowntotheoldcitycenter?—Lessthan30minutesbyunderground.A.HowsoonB.HowoftenC.HowlongD.Howfar()2.David,_______,oryouwillgetheavier.A.doesn’tplaysportsanymoreB.doesn’teatsomuchmeatC.don’tplaysportsanymoreD.don’teatsomuchmeat()3.—Listen!Someoneisplayingthepiano.—Wow!_______beautifulmusic!Ilikeitverymuch.A.WhatB.HowaC.WhataD.How()4.Thewarwasoveraboutthreemonthsago,_______theAmericansoldiersinIraqarestillhavingalotoftroubletodealwith.A.orB.andC.butD.so()5.—Dad,pleasetellmewhenMum______.Imissherverymuch.—Shewillreturnwhenshe______hertask.Andshewillbringanicepresentforyou.A.returns;finishesB.returns;willfinishC.willreturn;finishesD.willreturn;willfinish()6.Theenvironmentwillbeworseandworse_______wetakestepstoprotectitrightaway.A.unlessB.althoughC.whileD.but()7._______shewastired,______shedidn’tstoptohavearest.A./;soB.Although;/C.Although;butD.Because;so()8.Istillrememberthecollegeandtheteachers_______IvisitedinLondonyearsago.A.whatB.whoC.thatD.which()9.Franklintoldthemall_______tobeinBritainagain.A.howhappywasheB.howhappyhewasC.howwashehappyD.howhewashappy()10.—Tellme______.—Well,itislikeA.whatiswrongwithitB.whatisitC.whatisitlikeD.whatthematteriswithit【參照答案】【知識(shí)點(diǎn)睛】一、句子分類(lèi)按功能分：陳說(shuō)句；疑問(wèn)句(一般疑問(wèn)句、特別疑問(wèn)句、選擇疑問(wèn)句、反意疑問(wèn)句)；祈使句；惋惜句按結(jié)構(gòu)分：簡(jiǎn)單句；并列句；復(fù)合句(名詞性從句、狀語(yǔ)從句、定語(yǔ)從句)二、陳說(shuō)句、疑問(wèn)句、祈使句、惋惜句（二）疑問(wèn)句特別疑問(wèn)句yes/no選擇疑問(wèn)句yes/no反意疑問(wèn)句前肯后否；前否后肯【翻譯】—Lucynevergetsupearly,doesshe?—No,shedoesn’t./Yes,shedoes.（三）祈使句動(dòng)詞原形；you；please（四）惋惜句What+(a/an)+adj.+n.+(subject+v.)!How+adj./adv.+(subject+v.)!【填空】How；What；Whata；What三、簡(jiǎn)單句、并列句、復(fù)合句（三）連詞并列連詞：簡(jiǎn)單句；并列句[順承、并列關(guān)系(and,bothand,aswellas,notonlybutalso)，轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系(but)，選擇關(guān)系(or,eitheror,neithernor)，因果關(guān)系(so,for)隸屬連詞：復(fù)合句（指引名詞性從句的隸屬連詞，指引狀語(yǔ)從句的隸屬連詞，引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的隸屬連詞）四、三大從句（一）賓語(yǔ)從句三因素：連接詞、語(yǔ)序、時(shí)態(tài)連接詞：that；whether/if；what/when/where/which/who/how語(yǔ)序：陳說(shuō)時(shí)態(tài)：主現(xiàn)從任；主過(guò)從過(guò)；客觀事實(shí)/真諦用一現(xiàn)，is【難點(diǎn)1】只用連接詞whether的狀況whether；whether；whether結(jié)論：前有介詞狼，后有不定虎，后有ornot，用whether。【難點(diǎn)2】特別疑問(wèn)句自己語(yǔ)序?yàn)殛愓f(shuō)語(yǔ)序的句子前四個(gè)特別疑問(wèn)句都是陳說(shuō)語(yǔ)序，不用變；最后一個(gè)特別疑問(wèn)句放在賓語(yǔ)的地點(diǎn)需變?yōu)殛愓f(shuō)語(yǔ)序whenwewillmeet?！倦y點(diǎn)3】賓語(yǔ)從句和簡(jiǎn)單句的變換howtogettothezoo；主語(yǔ)；主語(yǔ)；雙賓；賓語(yǔ)；主語(yǔ)（二）狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句when,while,as,before,after,until,notuntil,assoonas,since條件狀語(yǔ)從句if,unless,aslongas,solongas退步狀語(yǔ)從句although,though,evenif,eventhough,whatever,whenever,wherever原由狀語(yǔ)從句because,since,as結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句sothat,suchthat目的狀語(yǔ)從句sothat,inorderthat比較狀語(yǔ)從句asas,notso/asas,than【難點(diǎn)1】when，while，as的差別同時(shí)；先后；同時(shí)；持續(xù)性；when；when；when；while；while；as【難點(diǎn)2】because,for,since,as的差別1）因?yàn)?）既然，因?yàn)?）因?yàn)?、鑒于4）因?yàn)?、因?yàn)椋徊⒘小倦y點(diǎn)3】“主將從現(xiàn)”現(xiàn)象一般未來(lái)時(shí)；祈使句；含神態(tài)動(dòng)詞；一般此刻時(shí)；eat；crosses；don’t；do；go（三）定語(yǔ)從句人；who；主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)人；whom；賓語(yǔ)物；which；主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)人/物；that；主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)人/物；whose；定語(yǔ)原由(n.)；why；狀語(yǔ)地點(diǎn)(n.)；where