儀表等級(jí)飛行員理論培訓(xùn)stage3-216WXSOURCES

METEOROLOGYSourcesofWeatherInformationSOURCESOFWXINFO(GROUND)ATIS,AWOS,ASOSFSSDUATSNWSNOAA.GOVFSSBRIEFINGS

-ABBREVIATED,OUTLOOK,STANDARDPreFlightWeatherSourcesFederalregulationsrequirethatyouobtainweatherreportsand forecastsanytimeyou planondepartingIFR orwhenoperating VFRawayfroman airport.FlightServiceStationPrimarysourceAutomatedFSS1-800-WXBRIEFA/FDforotherphonenumbersPreflightWeatherBriefing3TypesofWeatherBriefs:Inastandardbriefing,you’llbegivenasequenceof10itemsfromAdverseConditionstoOtherInformationInanabbreviatedbriefing,you’llreceiveupdatedinformation,onlywhatyourequestInanoutlookbriefing,yourdepartureisstill6ormorehoursaway.TelephoneInformationBriefingService(TIBS)TIBSincludescontinuousrecordingsofmeteorologicaland/oraeronauticalinformation.DirectUserAccessTerminalSystemDUATsAdvantagesConvenienceofuseNotranscribingDisadvantagesPossibleinformationoverloadLivebrieferwithunderstandingoflocalweatherpatternsismissingPre-FlightPlanningReferenceGuideCoversallgraphicalandtextualaviationweatherproductsGivesneedtoknowinformation,

“FlightPlaning(Wx/Duats)”SOURCESOFWXINFO(IN-FLIGHT)ATISAWOS,ASOSFSSFLTWATCH(122.00)/EFASPIREPsHIWASTWEBCWAIn-FlightWeatherAdvisoriesForecaststhatadvisepilotswhoareenrouteofthedevelopmentofpotentiallyhazardousweather.In-FlightWeatherAdvisoriesAIRMET(WA)OperationalinteresttoallaircraftPotentiallyhazardoustolightaircraftMaxforecastperiodis6hoursSIGMET(WS)SignificanttoallaircraftSevereicing/severe&extremeturbulence/sand&duststorms/volcanicashValidupto4hoursConvectiveSIGMET(WST)HazardousconvectiveweathersignificanttosafetyofallaircraftValidupto2hoursAIRMET(WA)SIERRA:EXTENSIVEMTNOBSCURATIONANDWIDESPREADIFRCONDITIONSTANGO:MODERATETURBULENCEORSFCWINDS>30KTS,LOWLEVELWINDSHEARZULU:MODERATEICINGANDFREEZINGLEVELSSIGMET(WS)

TURBULENCE:SEVEREOREXTREMEORCLEARAIRTURBULENCE(CAT)ICING:

SEVEREDUSTSTORMSORSANDSTORMSLOWERINGVISIBILITYTOLESSTHAN3MILESVOLANICERUPTIONANDASHCONVECTIVESIGMET(WST)SEVERETHUNDERSTORMSdueto:Surfacewindsgreaterthan50KtsHailatthesurfacegreaterthan?in.diameterTornadoesEMBEDDEDTHUNDERSTORMS

ALINEOFTHUNDERSTORMS

THUNDERSTORMSPRODUCINGHEAVYPRECIPAFFECTING40%ORMOREOFANAREAATLEAST3000SQUAREMILESEnrouteFlightAdvisoryServiceEFASor“FlightWatch”CentralcollectionanddistributionpointforPIREPs122.0MHzUseforwxinfoalongyourroute5,000’AGLto17,500’MSLAt&above18,000’MSL,refertoA/FDCenterWeatherAdvisoriesCWAUnscheduled&issuedbyARTCCtoalertpilotsofexistingoranticipatedadversewxwithinnext2hours.Providedonallbutemergencyfrequencies150milesofjurisdictionHazardousIn-FlightWeatherAdvisoryServiceHIWASContinuousbroadcastofsummarizedSIGMETs/convectiveSIGMETs

AIRMETs/AWW/CWANOTwindshearadvisoriesBroadcastoverVORCircle‘H’onNACOchartsHIWASforJeppsTranscribedWeather

EnrouteBroadcastsTWEBSpecificclouds,vis,wx,obstructionsinarouteformatTransmittedfromselectedNDBsandVORsCircle“T”forNACOTWEBforJeppsMostTWEBsreplacedbyHIWASTWEBAutomatedSurfaceWeatherReportingSystemsAutomatedSurfaceObservationSystem(ASOS)Installed/operatedbyFAANWSinstallssomeatpreviouslyusedofficesAutomatedWeatherObservingSystems(AWOS)InstalledbylocalairportauthoritiesorstatedepartmentsoftransportationASOSContinualbroadcastusingcomputersynthesizedvoicesTelephone“AO2”ifprecipitationdiscriminatorOtherwise,“AO1”HaslimitationsthatahumanobserverwouldhandleMETAR-ifused,then“AUTO”ASOSCapabilityAWOSAvailableinlesserconfigurationsthanASOSoffersAWOS-AisaltimetersettingAWOS-1addswind,temp,dewpointAWOS-2addsvisibilityAWOS-3addscloudandceilingmuchlikeASOSAirborneWeatherRadarReflectedsignaltotransmit/receiveantennaTwofrequencyrangesXband(seefarther,betterresolution)GeneralaviationaircraftC