大學(xué)英語第三版第一冊U1

UNITONESomeStrategiesforLearningEnglishAsweareatthestartofthecourse,thisseemsagoodmomenttooffersomeadviceonhowtomakethetaskoflearningEnglisheasier.Introductoryremarks:HowtolearnEnglishwell?Thisisreallyaplatitudeanddifferentpeoplehavedifferentviews.Everytermtherearesomestudentscometoaskmethiskindofquestion.Inmyopinion,thefirstthingthatyoushoulddoistofindoutyourweakpointinEnglishlearning.Thenyoushouldlearnsomestrategiestohelpyouovercometheseobstacles.Inthisunit,theauthorprovidesuswithsomestrategiesforlearningEnglish,includingstrategiesforvocabulary,forlistening,speaking,readingandwriting.Ithinkyoumayfindithelpfulforyou.meansbynomeans:notatallThisisbynomeansoutoftheordinary.這很普通我對目前的表現(xiàn)一點也不滿意。Iambynomeanssatisfiedwithmypresentperformance.

collocation

Collocation:

bymeansof以…

，借著…,依靠…byallmeans無論如何,務(wù)必byfairmeansorfoul千方百計，不擇手段地bynomeans/notbyanymeans/bynomannerofmeans決不，一點也不prolong

prolong:

vt.extendthedurationof延長，拖長prolongone'slifeThegamewasprolongedbyinjuries.因為有人受傷，比賽延長了。prolonged

prolonged:

adj.continuingforalongperiodoftime持續(xù)很久的，長時間的Aprolongedperiodoflowinterestrateshasdiscouragedpeopletosavetheirmoneyintothebank.NB:

prolonged是過去分詞作形容詞用Nevertheless1.adv.inspiteofthat;notwithstanding;allthesame仍然，不過e.g.Hesucceedednevertheless.不過他還是成功了。

Whatyousaidwastruebutneverthelessunkind.

你所說的都對,不過有點不客氣。2.conj.盡管如此,然而e.g.Thenewsmaybeunexpected;neverthelessitistrue.這消息也許是出乎意料的,然而是真實的。Shewasverytired,neverthelessshekeptonworking.她雖然很疲倦,然而她卻繼續(xù)工作。nevertheless:command掌握;運用力,控制力e.g.HehasagoodcommandofFrench.他的法文很好。have/gainagoodcommandof…對…掌握良好/運用自如sustainsustain:v.1.causetocontinueorbeprolongedforanextendedperiodorwithoutinterruption保持；使持續(xù)不斷e.g.Wedonothaveenoughmoneytosustainourcampaignforlong.我們沒有足夠的財力使宣傳活動長期保持下去。Hecannotsustainanormalconversation.他不能持續(xù)進行正常的談話。2.維持e.g.Duringthewarwehadjustenoughfoodtosustainus.戰(zhàn)爭期間,我們的食物僅夠維持生活。sustainlife

維持生命3.bear(theweightofanobject)withoutbreakingorfalling支撐e.g.Hishealthwillnolongerenablehimtosustaintheheavyburdensofoffice.他的健康狀況不能再支撐他從事繁重的辦公室工作了。Anunshakablebeliefsustainedme.一種不可動搖的信念支持著我。Thesefourpostssustaintheentirebuilding.這四根柱子支撐著整座建筑物。4.undergoorsuffer(somethingunpleasant,especiallyaninjury)忍受；經(jīng)受（不愉快的事情，尤指傷痛）e.g.Hesustainedafootinjury.

他足部受了傷。

sustainlosses

蒙受損失sustainedsustained:adj.continuingforalongtimeTheconferencediscussionfocusesonthesustaineddevelopmentofagriculture.NB:

sustained

是過去分詞作形容詞用complaincomplainabout

抱怨…:e.g.Alltheguestscomplainedaboutthenoise.所有的客人都抱怨這些噪音。complainat

對…抱怨:e.g.Shecomplainedattheunfairnessofitall.

她對所有這一切的不公平感到不滿。complainto向…投訴:e.g.I’mgoingtocomplaintothecouncilaboutthis!我要向市政會投訴這件事!complainofsth.

訴說(病情或疼痛)；主訴:e.g.Severalchildrencomplainedofseverestomachpains.有幾個孩子說肚子很疼。complain:vi.vt.+thatclausee.g.Sheoftencomplainsthatheisdishonest.

她常埋怨說他不誠實。

Theycomplainedthatthewagesweretoolow.

他們抱怨工資過低。memorizememorize:vt.

committomemory;learnbyheartHestudiedhismap,tryingtomemorizethewaytoRose'sstreet.memorize指有意識的下功夫把某事的整個細節(jié)都記在腦子里。例如：CF:

memorize,remember,recall&remind這四個詞都是動詞，均有“記憶，記住，回憶”之意。Don'twritedownyourPIN(number),memorizeit.(personalidentificationnumber)不要把你的密碼寫下來，記住它。cfCF:

remember表示記得，多指無意識地回憶起往事。例如：Herememberseverydetailofthatoccurrenceasthoughithappenedyesterday.那件事的前前后后他都記得一清二楚，仿佛發(fā)生在昨天一樣。recall“回憶起，回想”，指想方設(shè)法回憶已經(jīng)遺忘之事。例如：IseemtorecallI'vemethimbeforesomewhere.我好像以前在哪里見過他。

remind“使想起，提醒”，指經(jīng)某人或某事的提醒而回憶起某件已遺忘之事。例如：IfIforget,pleaseremindme.如果我忘了，請?zhí)嵝盐摇ramcram:v.Hecrammedthesandwichesintohismouth.他把三明治塞進嘴里。他在短暫的一生中做了那么多的事情。1)force(sth.)intoasmallspaceHehadcrammedsomuchintohisshortlife.Theashtraybythebedwascrammedwithcigarettebutts.床邊的煙灰缸里塞滿了煙頭。Theboxwascrammedwithletters.2)make(sth.)full信箱里塞滿了信件。3)studyintensivelyoverashortperiodoftimejustbeforeanexamination（考試前）臨時抱佛腳；強化學(xué)習(xí)e.g.She'scrammingforherhistoryexam.她考歷史之前臨時抱佛腳。Collocations:situplatecramming開夜車準(zhǔn)備功課,搞疲勞戰(zhàn)術(shù)cramup死記硬背(功課),臨時抱佛腳boundbound:adj.Iknewthattheinvitationwasboundtocome.Heisboundtosucceedinhisenterprise.他在事業(yè)上一定會成功。1)certainorverylikely肯定會，一定會She'shatchingmorelittleplots,I'llbebound!我敢肯定她正在策劃更多的小陰謀！bebound(todo)TomfeltboundtotellJoannathetruth.2)obligedtodo(sth.)orhavingthedutytodo(sth.)有義務(wù)的，受約束的I'mboundtodowhatIcantohelpSam.我有義務(wù)幫助薩姆。I'mboundtosay

thatIhavesomedoubts.我有責(zé)任告訴大家我有些疑問。beboundtodoanexpresstrainboundforEdinburgh一列去愛丁堡的快車

3)travellingtowardsaparticularplaceorinaparticulardirection正在到…去的，準(zhǔn)備到…去的TheplaneisboundforSomalia（索馬里）.beboundfor+someplaceconstantconstant:Therewasaconstantstreamofvisitorstothehouse.adj.2)stayingthesame始終如一的，恒久不變的happeningregularlyorallthetime不斷的，連續(xù)發(fā)生的Thetruckwastravellingatafairlyconstantspeed.Herclinichasaconstantstreamofparentswantinghelp.她的診室不斷有家長前來求助。Inourworldnothingseemsconstant.在我們這個世界上似乎沒有東西是永恒不變的。3)loyalandfaithful忠實的，忠貞不渝的Heisaconstantfriend.n.somethingthatneverchangessuchasanumberorquantity.常數(shù)，常量，常有特點Anabsoluteconstantisfixedandcannotbechanged.絕對常數(shù)是固定而不可以改變的。Thedistortionofformisaconstantinhispainting.曲線型是他繪畫的一貫特點。commitcommit:v.

Hewascommittedtoprisonforcontemptofcourt.(藐視法庭)Theboywascommittedtothecareofhisaunt.這個孩子被交給他的姑媽照顧。1.send,entrust,orconsign交托，托付；托運他構(gòu)思了一封信，但沒有寫下來。Hecomposedaletterbutdidn'tcommitittopaper.Shecommittedeachtinyfeaturetomemory.她把每個細小的特征都記住了。

Collocation:

commit(sth.)tomemory把…記住commit(sth.)topaper把…寫下來Hehascommittedaseriousfault.

他犯了嚴(yán)重錯誤。2.perpetrateorcarryout(amistake,crime,orimmoralact)犯（錯，罪）；干（壞事）

Collocation:

commitacrime/error/murder/arson/suicide犯罪/犯錯/犯謀殺罪/犯縱火罪/自殺ItisamodernMarxistpartycommittedtodemocraticsocialism.它是一個致力于民主的社會主義的現(xiàn)代馬克思主義政黨。3.becommittedto)bededicatedto(something)獻身；投入

Collocation:

commitoneselfto(sth.)致力于4.pledgeorbind(apersonoranorganization)toacertaincourseorpolicy使（人，組織）作出保證；使承擔(dān)義務(wù)；約束e.g.Theywerereluctanttocommitthemselvestoanopinion.

他們不愿意發(fā)表意見。Thetreatycommitseachpartytodefendtheother.這項條約要求雙方承擔(dān)相互保護的義務(wù)。Askedifhewasacandidate,herefusedtocommithimself.當(dāng)問到他是不是候選人時,他不置可否。Hehascommittedhimselftosupportthem.他答應(yīng)負擔(dān)他們的生活。acquaintanceacquaintance:n.e.g.Weareonlycasualacquaintances.我們只是泛泛之交。Hehasalargecircleofacquaintances.他有很多相識的熟人。somebodyyouknowalittle熟人（只相識但非密友）Ihavenoacquaintancewiththisbook.我不熟悉這本書。Hehasapassingacquaintancewithalotofdifferentsubjects.對...的浮淺的了解2)knowledgeofsb.orsth.對…有了解,熟知,認識Imadetheacquaintanceofseveralmusiciansaroundthattime.

那段時間我結(jié)識了好幾位音樂家。Iamdelightedtomakeyouracquaintance,Mrs.Baker.

貝克夫人，認識您我很高興。collocation

Collocation:

drop/cutsb.'sacquaintance(=cutanacquaintancewithsb.)

和某人絕交haveanodding/bowing/passing

acquaintancewith與某人有點頭之交;(對某學(xué)科)略知一二;對…知之甚少havenoacquaintancewith

不熟悉,不了解maketheacquaintanceofsb./makesb.'sacquaintance

結(jié)識某人,第一次見某人pickacquaintancewith

偶然結(jié)識[認識]scrapeupanacquaintance(withsb.)(沒有人介紹的情況下)設(shè)法結(jié)識(某人);極力(同某人)結(jié)交strikeupanacquaintance(withsb.)

偶然認識某人upon(further)acquaintance

經(jīng)過一段(較長)時期的熟悉[了解]casualacquaintance偶爾見面的人,泛泛之交mutualacquaintance雙方都認識的人concentrateconcentrate:v.Miketriedhisbesttoconcentrateonhishomework.2)vt.causepeopleorthingstobepresentsomewhereinlargenumbersoramounts集中，聚集1)vi.（on）giveallyourattentiontowhatyouaredoingItalianindustryisconcentratedmainlyinthenorth.Ifinditdifficulttoconcentratesoonafterwakingup.我發(fā)現(xiàn)剛睡醒后很難集中注意力。Thegeneraldecidedtoconcentratehisforcesnearthecapital.

這位將軍決定把他的部隊集中在首都附近。routeroute:n.aparticularwayordirectionbetweenplacesWhat’stheshortestroutefromLondontoEdinburgh?從倫敦到愛丁堡的最短路線怎么走？CF:

route,course,pass&passage

這幾個詞都是名詞，都有“路”之意。route指路線、路程，尤指長距離的旅行路線或固定線路。例如：Theshipchangedcoursetoavoidtheiceberg.CF:

course

指所經(jīng)之路或方向。例如：為避開冰山，輪船改變了航向。pass

指山間隘路、山口。例如：Thispasshaswitnessedthedeathofhundredsofsoldiersinthepast.過去有數(shù)百名士兵葬身于這條關(guān)隘中。passage

指過道、走廊或通道。例如：Heforcedapassagethroughthecrowd.他從人群中擠出了一條通道。route21.Theplanedeviatedfromitsusual_______.2.Therewasaverydangerous________inthismountainousareainancienttimes.3.Iknownotwhat_______othersmaytake;butasforme,givemelibertyorgivemedeath!4.Wetracedoutour_______onthemap.5.Excuseme,you'reblockingthe_______.route____pass____course_____route____passage______communicatevt.傳達，傳授，傳播（信息，消息，想法）;表達（感情，感覺）,把（傳染?。﹤魅窘ovi.通訊;交際,交流,聯(lián)系(with)campuscampus:n.ata/the~在校園off~在校外:e.g.Theymovedoffcampustoshareaflatinthetown.

他們從校園搬出來在鎮(zhèn)上合住一套公寓。on~在校內(nèi):e.g.Shelivesoncampus.

college~大學(xué)校園branch~（大學(xué)）分校purchasepurchase:Shemadetwopurchasesfrommystall.Hepurchasedthelandfortwohundredthousanddollars.他以20萬美元買了那塊地。n.theactofbuyingvt.buysomethingYoucanpurchaseinsuranceon-line.environmentenvironment:n.

conditionsinwhichpeoplecarryonaparticularactivity;naturalworldinwhichanimals,peopleandplantsliveYoungchildrenoftenfeelhappierinthehomeenvironment.CF:

environment,circumstance&surroundings這三個詞都有“環(huán)境”之意。environment表示由周圍的人、物等一切物質(zhì)和精神因素所構(gòu)成的環(huán)境。例如：Apleasantworkingenvironmentisofvitalimportance.有一個令人愉快的工作環(huán)境是極其重要的。cfCF:

circumstance通常用復(fù)數(shù)，表示對局勢產(chǎn)生影響的各種條件的總和。例如：Prisonerscanonlyleavetheircellsundercertaincircumstances.犯人們只有在某些情況下才能離開他們的牢房。surroundings指環(huán)境時只可用復(fù)數(shù)形式，表示各種物體所構(gòu)成的物質(zhì)上的自然環(huán)境。例如：Heswitchedonthelightandexaminedhissurroundings.他打開燈，仔細檢查四周。1.Mike,unhappyinan______ofpost-warconfusion,spentmoreandmoretimeamonghiscollectionofgreatpaintings.2.____willforceusfinallytoadoptthispolicy.3.Hewokeinthefamiliar______ofhishotelroom.4.Different_______involveadoptingdifferenttactics.

environment________Circumstances__________surroundings_________circumstances__________relyrely:vi.trustordependon(sb.orsth.)Pattern:relyon/upon(sb./sth.)for/todo(sth.)IknewIcouldrelyonDavidtolookaftermyparents.assign1.allocate(ajoborduty)分配，分派（工作，職責(zé)）e.g.Shehasbeenassignedtoanewjob.她被派去擔(dān)任新職務(wù)了。Hisleaderassignedhimthismission.領(lǐng)導(dǎo)派他執(zhí)行這項任務(wù)。2.designateorset(something)asideforaspecificpurpose（為特定目的）指定，指派,選派；撥出，留出e.g.Thecaptainassignedtwosoldierstoguardthegate.上尉派了兩個士兵守大門。Heassignedthestudentsafewbookstoread.他給學(xué)生指定了幾本書要他們讀。Managershappilyassignlargesumsofmoneytotravelbudgets.經(jīng)理們高興地劃出一大筆錢作旅游經(jīng)費。assign:vt.3.把…歸屬于，把…歸因于e.g.ItisdifficulttodecidewhethertoassignthevictorytoGodwin.

很難決定勝利是否屬于戈德溫。absorb1.takeup占用（時間，資源）e.g.Armsspendingabsorbsroughlytwopercentofthenationalincome.軍備開支約占了國民收入的2%。Thisjobabsorbsallofmytime.這件工作占用了我的全部時間。2.吸引（某人）的注意力，使全神貫注e.g.Heisabsorbedinstudy.他專心讀書。atfaultatfault:responsibleforanundesirablesituationorevent;inthewrong有責(zé)任的，有過失的；犯了錯的，出了錯的Thepolicesaidthatthedriverwasatfault.關(guān)于空氣污染大多數(shù)人認為是鋼鐵廠的責(zé)任。Asforairpollution,mostpeoplebelievethatsteelfactoriesareatfault.atatimeatatime:每次，一次e.g.You

can

only

borrow

two

books

at

a

time.你每次只能借兩本書。

Hetookthestairstwoatatime.他兩步一跨沖上樓梯。比較：atonetime:once,一度，曾經(jīng)(常用于過去時)e.g.Atonetimetheywerefriends,buttheyareseldomtogethernow.

他們曾經(jīng)是朋友，但是現(xiàn)在很少在一起了。

watchoutforwatchoutfor:lookoutfor;beon(one's)againstWhatproblemsshouldIwatchoutforwhenbuyinganoldhouse?Watchoutforthespy'swiretappingwhenyouhavethemeeting.你們開會的時候當(dāng)心間諜竊聽。learnoflearnof:聽說…e.g.I'vejustlearnedofhisarrival.我剛聽說他來了。Theyofferedhelpassoonastheylearnedoftheaccident.他們一聽說這件意外就立即提供了幫助。learnaboutlearnabout:1.獲得,學(xué)得e.g.IlikereadinghistoricalstoriesbecauseIcanlearnaboutthelivesthatpeopleledlongago.我喜歡看歷史故事,因為這樣可以知道過去人們的生活。2.得知有關(guān)…的消息e.g.Howdidyoulearnaboutthemeeting?有關(guān)會議的情況你是怎么知道的?Weonlylearnedaboutyourintendedvisityesterday.我們昨天才聽說你們準(zhǔn)備來訪。onaregularbasisonaregularbasis:oftenandaccordingtoasetfrequencyIwritetohimonaregularbasis.Themilkmansendsusmilkonaregularbasis.送奶員定期給我們送奶。inadditiontoinadditionto:usedtoaddanotherpieceofinformationtowhathasjustbeensaidThereisapostageandpackingfeeinadditiontotherepaircharge.NB:

inadditionto表示“除…之外”，后接具體事物；inaddition在句中作狀語，表示“此外”。例如：這家公司提供廉價的因特網(wǎng)訪問服務(wù)。此外，還做免費的共享軟件。ThecompanyprovidescheapInternetaccess.Inaddition,itmakesfreeshareware.seekoutseekout:lookfor;trytofindsomeoneorsomething,especiallywhenthisisdifficultNowisthetimeforlocalcompaniestoseekoutbusinessopportunitiesinEurope.Scientistsneedtoseekoutcause-and-effectrelationshipsintheexperiment.科學(xué)家們需要尋找實驗中的因果關(guān)系。apartfromapartfrom:aswellas,besidesApartfromhisearningsasafootballcoach,healsoownsandrunsachainofsportsshops.CF:

besides,except,exceptfor&apartfrom這幾個詞和短語都有“除…之外”的意思。besides表示“除了…還有”。例如：BesidesLiMing,therearemanyotherstudentsattendingthemeeting.cfCF:

except表示“除去，不包括”。例如：HegoestoworkeverydayexceptSunday.apartfrom表示“除…外”，它既可以表示besides的意思，也可以表示except或exceptfor

的意思。例如：TherearethreeotherspresentatthemeetingapartfromMr.Jackson.Apartfromhisuncle,theorphanhadnoonetotakecareofhim.Yourwritingisgoodexceptforafewgrammarmistakes.exceptfor表示“除…以外”，指對某種基本情況進行具體的細節(jié)方面的修正。例如：opracticeput…intopractice:carryoutorperformJoanwaskeentoputsomeofthethingsshehadlearnedintopractice.Onemusthavethoroughlymasteredatheorybeforeonecanputitintopracticeproperly.對任何理論，先要融會貫通，才談得上運用自如。EnglishAsanInternationalLanguage

Internationallanguagesincludebothexistinglanguagesthathavebecomeinternationalmeansofcommunicationandlanguagesartificiallyconstructedtoservethispurpose.ThemostfamousandwidespreadartificialinternationallanguageisEsperanto;however,themostwidespreadinternationallanguageisnotartificial.Today,Englishisusedinmorecountriesasanofficiallanguageorasthemainmeansofinternationalcommunicationthananyotherlanguage.EnglishAsanInternationalLanguageEsperantoanartificiallanguagedevisedin1887asaninternationalmediumofcommunication,basedonrootsfromthechiefEuropeanlanguages.Itretainsthestructureoftheselanguagesandhastheadvantageofgrammaticalregularityandeaseofpronunciation世界語（1887年所創(chuàng)、旨在用作國際交流工具的一門人工語言，其語言根基源于歐洲各大語言，并保留了這些語言的結(jié)構(gòu)，它的優(yōu)點在于語法極具規(guī)律、發(fā)音非常簡單）Worldwideover1.4billionpeopleliveincountrieswhereEnglishhasofficialstatus.Oneoutoffiveoftheworld’spopulationspeakssomeEnglish.AndatpresentoneinfiveislearningEnglish.About85%oftheworld’smailiswritteninEnglish.And90%ofallinformationintheworld’selectronicretrievalsystems(電子檢索系統(tǒng))isstoredinEnglish.ActiveVocabularyandPassiveVocabularyEvennativespeakersofalanguagehavebothanactiveandapassivevocabulary.Activevocabularyconsistsofthewordsyouusefrequentlyandcomfortablyinspeakingandwriting,whilepassivevocabularyconsistsofthewordsyourecognizewhenyoureadandlisten.Typically,alanguagespeaker’spassivevocabularyismuchbiggerthanhisorher“active”one.Therefore,asyouworkondevelopingyourvocabulary,itishelpfultokeepthesequestionsinmind:ActiveVocabularyandPassiveVocabularyWhenyouencounteranewwordorexpressionthatyouwanttolearn,youhavetodecidewhetheryouwanttobeabletorecognizeitagainortomakeitpartofyour“active”vocabulary?Aretherewordsorquestionsinyour“passive”vocabularythatyouwouldliketomakemoreuseof“actively”?Input-outputbalancetheoryinlanguagelearningInputinlanguagelearningreferstoinformationread,seenorheardbythelearner,whileoutputreferstowhatthelearnerproducesinwritingorspeaking.Theinput-outputbalancetheoryinlanguagelearningbelievesthatonecanlearnalanguagewellthroughmaintainingabalancebetweeninputandoutput.PenpalApenpalisafriendfromadifferentcountry,language,andculture.Penpalsofferagoodopportunitytopracticeaforeignlanguage,toexchangeopinions,comparepointsofviewsandlearnaboutplacesandpeoplethousandsofkilometersawayfromyou.Thosepenpalswhowriteemailstoeachotherarealsoknownaskeypalsorwebpals.TorFTrueorFalseLanguagelearnersshouldmemorizeallthenewwords.Whileactivewordsdemandconstantpracticeandmemorization,wordsthatdonotoftenoccurineverydaysituationsrequirejustanoddingacquaintance.F

()1.It’simpossibletocramtoomanywordsintoyourheadatatime.T

()2.Themeaningofawordandthewaynativespeakersuseitareequallyimportant.3.T

()ListeningtoEnglishoccasionallywillimproveyourearandspeakingskills.OnemustlistentoEnglishonaregularbasis.F

()4.It’simportanttocatcheverydetailinEnglishlisteningcomprehension.Thefirsttimeonemaynotcatchagreatdeal,butwitheachrepetitiononewillgetsomethingmore.F

()5.LanguagelearnersdonotfindmanyopportunitiestopracticeoralEnglishatschool.6.RehearsingaloudisausefulwaytopracticespokenEnglish.T

()7.T

()Readingistheonlyreliablesourceoflanguageinput.8.TherearevariouswayslikekeepinganEnglishdiaryorwritingtoapenpaltokeepwritinginEnglishregularly.Readingisthemainandmostreliablesourceoflanguageinput.F

()9.Readingandlisteningaremoreimportantinlanguagelearningthanspeakingandwriting.Abalancebetweeninputandoutputisimportant.F

()10.T

()Multiplechoice1.Inthefirstsentence,“bynomeans”means____.A)withoutmethodB)notatallC)absolutelyD)aboveallKEY2.Accordingtotheauthor,inordertohaveagoodcommandofEnglishonemust____.A)employasmanylearningstrategiesaspossibleB)expecttogainaneasiertaskC)exertoneselfconstantlyD)sustainoneselfKEY3.Intheauthor’sopinion,ifyoucannotmemorizeallthenewwordsyouarelearning,itisbecause_____.A)youareforgetfulB)youarenotworkinghardenoughC)youarenotinterestedinmemorizingEnglishwordsD)youaretryingtomemorizetoomanynewwordsatatimeKEY4.Asforwordswhichdonotoftenoccurineverydaysituation,youjustneedtobeableto____.A)recognizethemB)nodatthemC)concentratemuchonthemD)practiceusingthemconstantlyKEY5.Ifyoulistentothetapeagainandagain,youmay____.A)wanttoretellthegeneralmeaningofwhatyouhearfromthetapeB)feelsoboredthatyoucannotunderstandwhatyouhearfromthetapeC)understandwhatyouhearfromthetapebetterandbetterD)repeattheexactwordsyouhearfromthetapeKEY6.Accordingtothetext,whichofthefollowingisNOToneofthepossibleactivitiesforyoutopracticespeakingEnglishatschool?A)Totalktonativespeakersoncampus.B)TospeakEnglishtothewaitressinEnglishasyoupayforamealinarestaurant.C)Torehearsealoudbyyourself.D)TotalkwithyourclassmatesinEnglish.KEY7.Intheeyesoftheauthor,oneshouldstartfrom______inwidereading.A)interestingmaterialsB)bookswithveryfewpagesC)materialsnottoodifficultD)bothAandCKEY8.Apenpalprovidesgoodmotivationforyourwritingbecauseheorshe____.A)livesfarawayfromyouB)knowsChinaalotsothatyoucanhavealottotalkaboutC)alsokeepsadiaryD)mayinformyouofmanyinterestingthingsinhisorhercultureKEYDiscourseAnalysisDiscourseAnalysis(話語分析)Astrategyreferstoasetofcarefullyplannedmethodsforachievingsomethingthatisdifficultandmaytakealongtime.Inintroducingsomestrategies,theauthoradoptsthestructureofProblem—StrategywithinaparagraphtoshowustheproblemsinEnglishlearningandthenproposesstrategiestosolvetheproblems.PleasescanthetextforsomeexamplesoftheProblem—Strategystructure.Youdon’tknowtheidiomaticusageofsomewords.2.

Problems StrategiesItisimpossibletomemorizeallthenewwordsyouarelearning.1.Dealwithactivevocabularyandpassivevocabularydifferently.1.Watchoutfornotonlythemeaningofawordbutalsothewayitisusedindailylife.2.

Problems StrategiesYoumaynotbeabletocatchalotafterlisteningtoapassageforthefirsttime.3.Listentoitoverandoveragain.3.TherearefewsituationsforyoutopracticespeakingEnglishatschool.4.SeizeeveryopportunitytospeakEnglishwithorwithoutapartner.4.P1lsandp2fsWhatistheimpliedmeaningofthesetwosentences?Ontheonehand,theauthorstatesthefactthatEnglishlearningisaverydifficulttask;ontheotherhand,theauthorforeshadowsthatsomestrategiesareneededtohelpusfulfillthetoughtask.P2fsParaphrasethesentence.AlthoughyouhavetoworkhardcontinuallyinordertobegoodatEnglish,youcanalsomakeuseofsomelearningstrategiestohelpyouattainyourgoal.P3whatyouneedtodo1.TranslatethesentenceintoChinese.2.Analyzethestructureofthesentence.你需要做的是根據(jù)生詞日常使用的頻率以不同的方式對待它們。whatyouneedtodo是一個名詞短語作主語，todealwith是動詞不定式作表語。what可引導(dǎo)類似的名詞短語，例如:Yourhealthiswhatwereallycareabout。P3whileactivewordsdemand1.Whatdoestheauthormeanby“anoddingacquaintance”?Thisphraseisusedasametaphor(隱喻).Anacquaintancereferstosomeoneweknowslightlybutwhoisnotaclosefriend.Soweonlynodasagreetingwhenweseehimorher.Thisinterpersonalrelationshipisusedtointerprettheattitudeweshouldholdtowordsthatdonotoftenoccurineverydaysituations.Weshouldoftenpracticetheuseofactivewords,thosewhichfrequentlyoccurineverydayuse,andlearnbyheartthoseusefulwords,whileweonlyneedrecognizethosewordswhichoccurlessfrequentlyineverydaysituations.2.Paraphrasethesentence.3.Analyzethestructureofthesentence.while引導(dǎo)的兩個并列的轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系從句直到memory結(jié)束，與隨后的主句構(gòu)成對比，從而對比了對待兩類詞匯的不同方式。while作為連詞意思有：與此同時，然而，雖然等。本句中while可譯為“然而”。p4ls1.TranslatethesentenceintoChinese.2.Analyzethestructureofthesentence.在學(xué)習(xí)英語時，你不僅必須注意詞義，還必須注意以英語為母語的人在日常生活中如何使用它。本句用notonly…butalso

連接了兩個并列的名詞性結(jié)構(gòu)作動詞短語的賓語，第二個結(jié)構(gòu)中存在一個定語從句thewayinwhichnativespeakersuseitintheirdailylives，原文中省略了inwhich。P5listeningtoEnglishWhatcanweinferfromthesentence?2.Paraphrasethephrase“improveone’sear”.Listeningpracticeiscontributivetothedevelopmentofbothlisteningandspeakingskills.“Ear”heremeanssenseofhearing.Thisphrasemaybeparaphrasedas“developone’slisteningcompetence”.P6Itistruethatthereare1.TranslatethesentenceintoChinese.2.Analyzethestructureofthesentence.的確，在學(xué)校里必須用英語進行交流的場合并不多，但你還是可以找到練習(xí)講英語的機會。Itistrue…but…

建立的是讓步狀語從句結(jié)構(gòu)，語氣上比單純由although/though

或but所引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句強烈一些。P7lsParaphrasethesentence.Asyougoonworkinglikethat,youwillgraduallyimproveyourreadingskillsandbeabletoreadmoredifficultmaterialswithmorepages.P9ls1.Whatcanbeinferredfromthesentence?Readingandlisteningprovidelanguagelearnerswithlanguageinputandspeakingandwritingmakeitpossibleforthemtomakelanguageoutput.從讀和聽中盡量多吸收，然后再試著把學(xué)到的東西通過說和寫加以運用，定會大有收益。2.TranslatethesentenceintoChinese.3.Analyzethestructureofthesentence.paypayvi./vt.:

（對…）有收益,好處；值得；合算Itpays/willpay(sb.)todoe.g.Itpaysmetokeepthatstock.持有那種股票對我有利。Itwillpaytoreadadictionaryifyouhavetime.

Itpaystoworkhard.Youmightgetapromotion.

努力工作是值得的。Usefulexpressions1.一點也不，絕非2.長期努力3.精通英語4.有過錯，有責(zé)任5.被擠出來6.對待bynomeansprolongedeffortgainagoodcommandofEnglishatfaultbecrowdedoutdealwithUsefulExpressions

7.

把…記住8.提防，戒備commit…tomemorywatchoutfor9.經(jīng)常10.提高你的聽力onaregularbasisimproveyourear11.除…之外12.反復(fù)地inadditionto/apartfromoverandoveragain13.找出14.隨意交談15.例如16.詳細地17.購物18.表演出來seekoutfeelfreetotalkforinstanceindetailmakeapurchaseactout19.…大有收益20.把…加以運用Itpaysto…put…intopracticeWritingPractice-Connectives1.ABriefIntroductionConnectivesrefertowordsthatcanjoinpartsofasentenceordifferentsentences.Theyarenecessaryfortheestablishmentoflogicalrelationsinanessay.Belowaretwotablesindicatingdifferentlogicalrelationsandthecorrespondingconnectives.WritingPractice—ConnectivesAdverbClauseWordsTransitionsConjunctionsPrepositionsCauseandEffectbecausenowthatsinceso(that)thereforeconsequentlythusasaresultsoforbecauseofduetoContrasteventhoughwhereasalthoughwhilethoughhoweverinsteadneverthelessnonethelessontheotherhandonthecontrarybut…(anyway)yet(…still)Conditionifwhetherunlessincaseonlyifintheeventthatevenifotherwiseor(else)nor(negative)Table1AdverbClauseWordsTransitionsConjunctionsAdditionplusbesidesalsofurthermoreovernextfurtherm