中考英語(yǔ)?？嫉恼Z(yǔ)法知識(shí)點(diǎn)

中考?？嫉恼Z(yǔ)法知識(shí)點(diǎn)一．冠詞anumbrella,anuncle,anunpleasanttrip,anunusualboy,anuglygirl,anMP3，anIphone5sauniform,auniversity,aunit,aUFO,ausefulbook,aEuropeancountry,anAsiancountryanhour,anhonestboy(h不發(fā)音)an“a”(e,f,h,i,l,m,n,o,r,s,x),a“b”(c,d,g,j,k,p,q,t,u,v,w,y,z)(無(wú)冠詞)Children’sDay,MayDay,theSpringFestival序數(shù)詞和最高級(jí)前要用the:thefirstlesson,thethirdclass,themostexercitingmovie獨(dú)一無(wú)二的事物和江湖海前用the:themoon,theearth,thesun,theChangjingRiveraone-year-oldbaby,aneight-year-oldboy,aneleven-year-oldgirl—IlostthebookIboughtlastweek.—Isitablackone?10.DoyouknowtheboynexttoMary/themaninwhite?11.序數(shù)詞和最高級(jí)前如有名詞所有格或物主代詞不加the:LiLeiismyfirstChinesefriendandheisalsomybestfriend.二．名詞1.名詞單復(fù)數(shù):(單復(fù)數(shù)同形)manysheep,afewdeer,severalJapanese,threeChinese,ninefish（不規(guī)則變化）afewgeese,twomice,somechildren,tenfeet,fiveteethradios,photos,pianos,zoos;potatoes,tomatoes,heroes,Negroes2.名詞所有格:TomandMary’sfather,Tom’sandMary’sfathersthekeytothedoor,theanswertothequestion,thetickettotheconcert,thewaytothebankTeachers’Day,Mother’sDay,Women’sDaytenminutes’walk=aten-minutewalk,afive-dayholiday=fivedays’holiday,havefivedaysoff3.不可數(shù)名詞:weather、news、information、advice、music、fun、room(空間)、work(不可數(shù)名詞前不可加a,an,感嘆句中也不能有a,an)(可數(shù):amessage,anewspaper)Thereisanorange(橙子)onthetable.twobottlesoforange(橙汁)anorange(橙色)dress4.名詞作定語(yǔ):shoeshops,clothesshops,girlstudents,womendoctors,mennurses,sportsshoes5.threeEnglishmen/Frenchmen,afewGermans,manyAmericans6.apieceofbreadaboxoforangesapairofshoesfourpiecesofbreadtwoboxesoforangesfivepairsofshoes7.名詞可數(shù)和不可數(shù)時(shí)意思不一樣：chicken(雞肉；小雞)life(生活；生命lives),orange(橙汁；橙子)8.(本身是復(fù)數(shù))twopeople,police,(總是用復(fù)數(shù))manyclothes,apairoftrousers,vegetables三．?dāng)?shù)詞:1.thousandsof,threethousand,hundredsof,fourhundred,millionsof,sixmillion2.(分?jǐn)?shù)表達(dá)：分子基數(shù)詞，分母序數(shù)詞，分子大于一，分母復(fù)數(shù))onefifth五分之一,twothirds三分之二,threequarters四分之三3.特殊的序數(shù)詞:first,second,third,twelfth,twentieth,nine-nineteen-ninety-ninth,four-fourth-fourteen-forty-fortieth4.時(shí)間表達(dá):6:45sixforty-five,aquartertoseven6:15sixfifteen,he1860s/1860’s(19世紀(jì)60年代),inherforties(在她四十多歲時(shí))6.序數(shù)詞要與the連用：thefirstone,如前面有名詞所有格或物主代詞就不用the：hiseighthbirthday7.BusNo.112；thesecondlesson,LessonTwo;Room308,thetwenty-firstcentury8.anothertwoboys=twomoreboys再多要兩個(gè)男孩9.attheageoftwelve/fifteen(基數(shù)詞)10.twohoursandahalf=twoandahalfhours，onehourandahalf=oneandahalfhours11.a+序數(shù)詞：再一；又一個(gè)asecondchance=anotherchance再一次機(jī)會(huì)四．代詞人稱代詞:主格：Iyouhesheweyoutheymeyouhimherusyouthem句首做主語(yǔ)要用主格，動(dòng)詞和介詞后做賓語(yǔ)要用賓格。SheteachesmeEnglish.物主代詞：形容詞性物主代詞：myyourhisherouryourtheir名詞性物主代詞：mineyourshishersoursyourstheirs形容詞性物主代詞后面接名詞，名詞性物主代詞后面不加名詞。反身代詞：I-myself,you-yourself/yourselves,he-himself,she-herself,we-ourselves,they-themselveshis,hers,mine:Hiswatchisnew.Itisn’this.afriendofmine/hers/LiMing’sThebookbelongstohim.=Thebookishis.疑問(wèn)代詞:howsoon---in;howoften---seldom,twiceamonth,everyday,everyfouryearshowlong---(for)amonth/since1998howfar---tenkilometers（awayfrom）,tenminutes’walk/drive,fiveminutesonfootwhattodo;howtodoitwhat沒(méi)范圍,which有范圍Myfather’sbirthdayiscoming.Idon’tknowwhattobuyforhim.Therearemanykindsofcamerashere.Idon’tknowwhichtobuy.all/both/none/neither/any/either的區(qū)別:all表三個(gè)或三個(gè)以上的全部都，none表三個(gè)或三個(gè)以上全部都不……both表兩個(gè)都，neither表兩個(gè)都不either表兩者之一，either/each/neither+單數(shù)名詞，all/both+復(fù)數(shù)名詞Bothofthetwinsareteachers,butneitherofthemlikesteaching.AllofthedoctorshavetolearnFrench,butnoneofthemlikesit.Therearemanytalltreesonthebothsides/eitherside/eachsideoftheroad/river.other,theother,others,theothers,another:other+名詞復(fù)數(shù)，some…others,(two)one…theother，another+名詞單數(shù)Thisshirtistoosmall,couldyougivemeaanotherone.Theshoesarenice,Iwanttobuyanotherpair.（復(fù)數(shù)用pair,單數(shù)用one）TheweatherinBeijingiscolderthanthatinDongguan.ThepopulationofChinaismuchlargerthanthatofJapan.ThestudentsinDongguanisbetterthanthose/theonesinBeijing.Wefound/thoughtit(was)interestingtolearnEnglish.肯定：alittlemoneyafewsheep否定：littlewaterfewstudentsTherearesomepeopleintheroom.Therearen’tanystudentsintheclassroom.Wouldyoulikesomebread?10.ShanghaiislargerthananyothercityinChina.(范圍內(nèi)，除去自己本身)ShanghaiislargerthananycityinJapan.（范圍外）11.somethingspecialnothingseriousanything/whatelse12.指示代詞的形式：this(單數(shù))---these(復(fù)數(shù)),that(單數(shù))---those(復(fù)數(shù))打電話時(shí)，常用“that“詢問(wèn)對(duì)方是“誰(shuí)”，用“this”介紹自己13.enjoyoneself，dressoneself，allbyoneself，lookafteroneself，learnsthbyoneself=teachoneselfsth，cometooneself(蘇醒，恢復(fù)知覺(jué))，helponeselfto(請(qǐng)隨便吃)，saytooneself(自言自語(yǔ))五．介詞1.befriendlyto,makefriendswithsb,bestrictwithsb.,befullof,hemorning,intheafternoon,intheeveningatnightonacoldmorningonahotafternoonontheeveningofJune22onthenightofMay1st3.Itlooksniceonyou.這東西在你身上很好看。awomanwithglasses,4.It’sclever/nice/kind/stupid/wrongofyoutosayso.（人）It’snecessary/importantforustoremembermorewords.（物）5.JapanistotheeastofChina.(不接壤)TaiwanisinthesoutheastofChina.(在范圍內(nèi))GuangxiisonthewestofGuangdong.(相鄰，接壤)walkacrossthebridge/street=crossthebridge/street;swimacrosstheriver,sailacrossthePacificgothroughthetrafficlights/forest/jungle/city/park/village/windowgopastthebank=passthebank7.AllthestudentswenttotheparkexceptJohn,becausehewasill.（不包含在內(nèi)）Ineed2morestudentsbesidesJohntodothework.（包含在內(nèi)）8.intwoweeks(跟將來(lái)時(shí)連用，Howsoon提問(wèn))aftertwoweeks=twoweekslater(跟過(guò)去式連用9.bycar=inone’scar/taxibybus/bike=onthebus/bike六．形容詞和副詞比較級(jí)標(biāo)志詞：than,much,far/still/even/alot/alittle)最高級(jí)標(biāo)志詞：of/amongall…，inourschool,themost+原級(jí)，the+最高級(jí)（副詞可不要the）Anelephantis(very,quite,so,too)big(原級(jí)).2.Afriendofmineisasheavy(原級(jí))asme. Heisnotso/astall(原級(jí))asher.3.much+比較級(jí),more+原級(jí):Heismuchfatterthather.Heismuchmoreconfidentthanher.4.一些特殊的句型：Jimisthetallerofthetwo(boys).Ourschoolismuch(far/still/even/alot/alittle)(比較級(jí))morebeautifulthanyours.Theearlier,thebetter.Whensummercomes,theweathergetshotterandhotter.Ifyoudosportseveryday,youwillbecomehealthierandhealthier.TodayEnglishisbecomingmoreandmoreimportant.Heis2kilosheavierthanIam.Parisisoneoftheliveliestcitiesintheworld.10).TheYellowRiveristhesecondlongestriverinChina.(序數(shù)詞+最高級(jí))11)Tomisthetallerofthetwo(boys).=Tomistallerthantheotherboy12)Marryismoreoutgoingthananyothergirlinherclass.=Marryisthemostoutginggirlinherclass.5.Heiscareful(形容詞)enough.Hedoeseverythingcarefully(副詞).6.the+形容詞：表示一類人，謂語(yǔ)復(fù)數(shù)thepoor,theold,therich,thedead,theyoung:Theyoungarealwaysenergetic.7.Wearesurprisedtohearthesurprisingnews.8.易誤認(rèn)為副詞的形容詞：lovely,friendly,lively七．情態(tài)動(dòng)詞:1.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞（must,should,can）+動(dòng)詞原形Heshouldstopsmoking.2.表猜測(cè)：一定must可能may不可能can’t3.特殊回答：—MustIhandinmyhomeworknow?—Yes,youmust./No,youneedn’t/don’thaveto.---MayIsmokehere?---Yes,youcan/may./No,youcan’t/mustn’t.—Iamnotsure.Itmay/might/couldbelongtoher.must:交通規(guī)矩，規(guī)章制度；表肯定猜測(cè)“一定”，mustn’t不表推測(cè)，意思是“禁止，不能”can’t:表猜測(cè)“不可能”：Theladyovertherecan’tbeourteacher.ShehasgonetoShanghai.4.need的用法：做情態(tài)動(dòng)詞：needn’tdosth做實(shí)義動(dòng)詞：needtodosth.Do/Does/Didsb.Needtodosth?don’t/doesn’t/didn’tneedtodosth.八．連詞：1.although/though不能與but連用（轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系）2.because不能與so連用（因果關(guān)系）3.Getupatonce,oryouwillbelateforclass.(or否則)4.主將從現(xiàn):(若主句用一般將來(lái)時(shí)時(shí)，從句則用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)來(lái)表將來(lái))。主句（將來(lái)）+if/unless/assoonas/until/when/before/after+句子（現(xiàn)在）Wewillgoonapicnicifitdoesn’train.=Wewillgoonapicnicunlessitrains.Iwon’tleaveuntilmymothercomesback.IwilltellhimassoonasIseehim.5.so+形容詞/副詞+that從句such+(a/an)+形容詞+名詞+that從句Heissocleverthathecanworkoutthisproblem.=Heissuchacleverboythathecanworkouttheproblem.（suchafineday=sofineaday）6.Ilikedancingwhile然而mysisterlikesdoingsports.（前后形成對(duì)比）9.Youshoulddoas按照theteachertoldyou.九．被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)：am/is/are+done,was/were+done,willbe/isgoingtobe+done,should/must/can+bedone有時(shí)候句子中的bysb.的標(biāo)志詞Someonetoldmeaboutthis.---Iwastoldaboutthis.在主語(yǔ)中帶介詞的，變被動(dòng)時(shí)介詞不能?。篧eshouldspeaktotheoldpolitely.---Theoldshouldbespokentopolitely.Someonetookhertothehospitalintime.---Shewastakentothehospitalintime.bemade/heard/seen/watchedtodo（被動(dòng)還原to）Thiskindofbookssellswellandtheywillbesoldoutsoon.沒(méi)有被動(dòng)：happen,takeplace,comeout，cometrue,belongto,系動(dòng)詞（feel,taste,look,sound,smell，keep,stay,become，seem）十.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)1.強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響(already,ever,never,before,just,yet)Hehasjustarrived.(Heisherenow.)強(qiáng)調(diào)一直在做的動(dòng)作（howlong,for,since,sofar,inthepast/lastfewyears,overtheyears）buy–havehadborrow–havekeptdie---havebeendeadopen–havebeenopenclose–havebeenclosedbegin–hasbeenonfinish–havebeenovercome---havebeeninleave–havebeenawayfromjoin-havebeenin/havebeenamemberofIborrowedthebooklastweek.---Ihavekeptthebooksincelastweek.Hisgrandfatherdiedtwoyearsago.---Hisgrandfatherhasbeendeadfortwoyears.Themoviebeganfiveminutesago.---Themoviehasbeenonforfiveminutes.3.have/hasbeento曾經(jīng)去過(guò)某地（已返回）有時(shí)跟次數(shù)連用have/hasgoneto去了某地（還沒(méi)回）常會(huì)說(shuō)將來(lái)某個(gè)時(shí)間會(huì)回來(lái)have/hasbeenin+一段時(shí)間去或來(lái)到……（一直呆在那兒）Itis+一段時(shí)間+since+句子（一般過(guò)去時(shí)）It’sayearsinceIworkedhere.4.注意：when不能跟現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用。since……ago時(shí)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，ago用過(guò)去時(shí)十一.感嘆句What：形容詞+名詞how:形容詞/副詞++名詞Whatanexcitingfootballgamewewatched!=Howexcitingthefootballgamewas!Whatexpensivehousestheyare!=Howexpensivethehousesare!(不可數(shù)名詞，沒(méi)有冠詞)Whatbeautifulmusic!=Howbeautifulthemusicis!Whatimportantinformation!Whatgoodweather/advice/newsitis!Whathardworkitis!4.Howfunnythestoryis!Howcarefullyheworks!十二.非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞tell/asksb.(not)todo,want/decide/try/need/prefer/suedtodo(often,usually,sometimes)see/watch/hearsbdo,see/watch/hearsbdoingmakesb.(not)do；letsb.dohavesth.done:Mycomputerisbroken.Iwanttohaveitrepaired.you’dbetterdo/notdo:You’dbetternotlaughatothers.whynotdosth.?=whydon’tyoudo…?Would/Couldyouplease(not)dosth?practice/enjoy/keep/consider/finish/mind/spend/feellike+doinglookforwardto/payattentionto/getusedto/prefer…to+doingstop/keep/preventsbfromdoing(阻止某人去做某事)pretendtodo假裝做某事bebusydoing,can’thelp/stopdoing(忍不住做某事)while/before/after+doing介詞+doingwouldlikesbtodosth十三.定語(yǔ)從句先行詞關(guān)系代詞或副詞人who(主\賓)，whom(賓)，whose（“誰(shuí)的”），that物which,that只用that：①all,anything,everything,something②thefirst,theninth,thebest,themostexpensive③theonly,thevery④thepersonandthething地點(diǎn)作狀語(yǔ)Where=at/inwhich時(shí)間作狀語(yǔ)When=in/on/atwhich原因(thereason)why=forwhich1.Thisistheplacewherehewasborn.2.Ican’tforgetthedayswhenwestudiedtogether.3.Thisistheplacethat/whichhevisited.4.Ican’tforgetthedaysthat/whichwespenttogether.5.Doyouknowthereasonwhyhewaslate?6.Theteacheristalkingwiththemanwhosesonwaslate.十四.therebe:Therewillbe,thereisgoingtobe,Thereusedtobe,Thereissbdoing,isn’tthere?十五.賓語(yǔ)從句:陳述句語(yǔ)序Idon’tknowwhathedidyesterday.時(shí)態(tài)：主句是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，從句的時(shí)態(tài)根據(jù)具體的情況而定（任何時(shí)態(tài)）Idon’tknowhowIcangettothebank.SheasksifhewillcometoherbirthdaypartynextSunday.主句是一般過(guò)去時(shí)，從句的時(shí)態(tài)必須是過(guò)去的某一種時(shí)態(tài)Ididn’tknowwherehelived.Hesaidhismotherwouldgoswimmingwithhimthisafternoon.注意：從句表示客觀真理時(shí)，從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)Thelittleboyknewthatthesunrisesintheeast.ourteachertoldusthattheearthgoesaroundthesunCouldyoutellmewhenshewillarrive?(could是婉轉(zhuǎn)語(yǔ)氣，不是過(guò)去式)連接詞：that,if/whether(ornot),what/how/which/why…+todo語(yǔ)序不變的賓語(yǔ)從句Idon’tknowwhathappenedtohim./whobrokethewindow/what’swrongwithhim.Idon’tknowifhewillcome.Ifhecomes,Iwillcallyou.Idon’tknowwhenhewillarrive.Whenhearrives,Iwillcallyou.7.一般情況下，if和whether可以互換，但以下3種情況只能用whether：=1\*GB3①在不定式前：Whethertogothereornothasn’tbeendecided.=2\*GB3②在介詞前：Itdependson(依靠)whetheritisgoingtorain.=3\*GB3③與ornot連用：Theyaretalkingaboutwhethertogothereornot.十六.反意疑問(wèn)句(前肯后否，前否后肯)，根據(jù)事實(shí)回答。Let’sgoboating,shallwe?Letusgoboating,willyou?Passmesomesalt,willyou?Don’tplayinthestreet,willyou?–Sorry,Iwon’t.Theguestshavetogo,don’tthey?Hehasacar,doesn’the?Theyhadlunchjustnow,didn’tthey?Youhaveacold,don’tyou?Shehasbeentherebefore,hasn’tshe?Youhaveneverseenthemovie,haveyou?He’sreadmanybookswrittenbyLuxun,hasn’the?He’sfriendly,isn’the?Hedidn’tcometoschoolyesterday,didhe?---Yes,hedid,thoughhewasbadlyill.（去了）---No,hedidn’t,becausehewasillinhospital.（沒(méi)去）與事實(shí)相符就yes,不符就no,陳述部分yes,no的意思與中文相反否定詞：seldom,hardly,few,little,never,nothing,nobody,no,not,none當(dāng)主句是：Ithink/Ibelieve/Idon’tthink……時(shí)，要以從句為主Idon’tthinkheisabletoanswerthisquestion,ishe?十七.連系動(dòng)詞be動(dòng)詞，五個(gè)感官動(dòng)詞（feel,taste,look,sound,smell），三個(gè)變（become,get,turn）兩個(gè)保持（keep，stay），seem2.系動(dòng)詞+形容詞Thestudentslookcareful.Theyarelookingatthepicturescarefully.3.沒(méi)有被動(dòng)：Thefoodtastesbad.4.一般不用進(jìn)行時(shí)Themusicsoundsgood.5.Thestudentslookcareful(look感官動(dòng)詞：看起來(lái)).Theyarelookingatthepicturescarefully.(look行為動(dòng)詞，表示“看”這個(gè)動(dòng)作)（listencarefully）十八.主謂一致：1.就近原則：neither…nor;notonly…butalso;either…or;therebeNeitherhenorIhavebeentotheUSA.EithersheorIamgoingtostudyabroad.Notonlyhisparentsbutalsohissisterisanengineer.Therearesomepeopleandadogonthebeach.Thereisadogandsomepeopleonthebeach.Thereareanumberofsheeponthefarm.Thereisalittlesheeponthefarm.一只小羊2.就遠(yuǎn)原則:with/togetherwith/besides/except/but(除…之外)/aswellas和/including包括…Theteachertogetherwithhisstudentsdoessportseveryday.JackaswellashisparentshasbeentoChinabefore.3.金錢(qián)、距離、時(shí)間表單數(shù)：100dollars/Tenkilometers/Tenhoursisnotenough.anumberof…=many…+V復(fù)Anumberofstudentsareplaying.Thenumberof…+V單Thenumberofthestudentsinourclassis58.不定代詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)Everythinggoeswell.Someoneislookingforyou.Twothirdsofworkwasfinishedbyhim.TwothirdsofstudentsarefromDongguan.動(dòng)詞不定式，動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)：Eatingmorevegetablesisgoodforourhealth.Thispairofshoesischeap.Iwanttotrythemon.oneof+adj.最高級(jí)+n復(fù)+V單OneofthetallestboysinourclassisJim.people,police等集體名詞作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)；family,class,group,team等集體名詞作主語(yǔ)，若指一個(gè)整體時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)，若指具體成員時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)。以-s結(jié)尾的名詞本身沒(méi)有表示復(fù)數(shù)意義，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)，如：news,maths,physics等Nonewsisgoodnews沒(méi)有消息就是最好的消息。Mathsisverypopularinourclass.12.The+姓氏復(fù)數(shù)表示一家人時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)Look,theGreensarewatchingTV.十九.交際用語(yǔ)1.—Wouldyoumindmysittingbesideyou?不介意：—No,ofcoursenot./Certainlynot/Notatall.介意：—Sorry,but…/you’dbetternot.2.回答sorry：Nevermind./itdoesn’tmatter./Notatall./That’sallright.3.回答thankyou：It’smypleasure./You’rewelcome./That’sallright.4.That’sright.那是對(duì)的。Allright.好吧。You’reright.你是對(duì)的。That’sallright.別人表歉意或謝意時(shí)可以用，意為"沒(méi)關(guān)系"或"不用謝"5.Haveaniceweekend!---Thesametoyou!Haveanicetrip.---Thankyou.6.Whataboutgoingtothemovietonight?---Goodidea./Allright./Thatsoundsgreat.7.IgotfirstprizeintheEnglishcompetition.---Congratulations!祝賀8.--Canyoufinishthisworktoday?--I’mafraidnot9.Hismotherisill.–I’msorrytohearthat10.—Couldyoupleasecarrytheboxforme?--Withpleasure/Sure.--Wouldyoulikeacupoftea?--Yes,please./No,thanks--Wouldyouliketogotothemoviewithmetonight?--I’dlike/loveto/I’dloveto,butI…/Sorry,butIhaveto…11.--Don’tsmokehere.–Sorry,Iwon’tdoitagain.12.–Pleasetakemybestwishestoyourparents--Thankyou,Iwill.13.當(dāng)聽(tīng)到不好的消息，一般用I’msorrytohearthat.14.–Iamgoingtotakeafinalexam.Ifeelsonervous.–Takeiteasy.15.—Iamgoingtotakepartinthespeechcontestthisweekend.–Goodlucktoyou.16.I’mafraidso/not.Ihopeso/not二十.辨別：1.bemadeof/bemadefrom/bemadebysb./bemadein+地點(diǎn)bemadeof由…制成(可看出原材料)Thecoatismadeofsilk.Thedeskismadeofwood.bemadefrom由…制成(不能看出原材料)Paperismadefrombamboo.2.sometimes有時(shí)sometime某時(shí)sometimes幾次sometime一段時(shí)間4.so(否定：neither)+be/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞/助動(dòng)詞+主語(yǔ)…也是，…也一樣so(否定：neither)+主語(yǔ)+be/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞/助動(dòng)詞…確實(shí)如此5.succeed(v.),successful(adj.),success(n.)6.die(v.),dead(adj.),death(n.):Hehasbeendeadfortenyears.7.ill/sick:Sheisill/sick.asickman8.sothat/suchthat句型（somanypeople,sointerestingaboy=suchaninterestingboy）9.usedtodo過(guò)去常常做某事be/getusedtodoing習(xí)慣做某事beusedtodo/fordoing被用來(lái)做beusedas被用作…10.It/sthtakessbtodo花時(shí)間;sthcost花錢(qián)sbspend+時(shí)間/錢(qián)+(in)doingsth/onsth;sbpayfor付錢(qián)11.talkaboutsthwith/tosbsaysthtosbsay“jiaozi”inEnglishspeaktosbspeakEnglishtellsbsth/tellsthtosbtellsb(not)todosthtellajoke/story/lietellthetruth12.lookatsthseeadoctor/afilmwatchTV/amovie/match/game/showreadbooks/magazines/newspapersbringsthto…(常跟here,come連用)takesthto…(常跟there,go,away連用)fetchsth=goandbringsth去取，去拿Weshouldweartheschooluniformsatschool.It’sverycoldoutside.Putonyourcoatbeforeyouleave.Heistooyoungtodresshimself.Whereismypen?Ican’tfindit.Whatareyoulookingfor,Kate?Thewindowisbroken.Ishouldfindoutwhodidit.gettothecinema=arriveatthecinema=reachthecinemaarriveinChina/Shanghaiget/arrive/reachhome/there/hereWhenshearrives,Iwilltellyou.18.ahardquestionahardstoneworkhardrainhardItwasrainingsohardthatpeoplecouldhardlygoout.19.wouldratherdothando=prefertodoratherthando=preferdoingtodoing20.other+名詞單/復(fù)數(shù)（用在不同范圍，指其它的；別的）theother+可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)。指兩者中之一/+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)。常：One……theother一個(gè)……另一個(gè)others=other+名詞（不同范圍的另外一些人或物）some…otherstheothers=theother+n.復(fù)范圍內(nèi)的剩余的全部“其余的”another+可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)指又一個(gè)，另外一個(gè)，（用在三者或三者以上）anothertwoboys另外再來(lái)多兩個(gè)21across(介詞，表面穿過(guò))goacrosstheroad/street/bridgethrough(介詞，內(nèi)部空間穿過(guò))gothroughtheforest/park/citycross(動(dòng)詞，表面穿過(guò))crosstheroad22.after+時(shí)間點(diǎn)/時(shí)間段afterteno’clockaftertwodays時(shí)間段+later,tendayslaterIn+時(shí)間段intwodays兩天后23.except（除了……之外，不再有）besides（除了……之外，還有）24.borrow,lend,keepborrow借進(jìn)borrow……fromlend借出lend……tokeep保存,借（時(shí)間段）25.too,also,either都有“也”的意思，too肯定句末，also句中,either否定句末26.few,afew,little,alittleAfew,alittle一些few,little幾乎沒(méi)有few,afew接可數(shù)little,alittle接不可數(shù)27．fill,fullbefilledwithbefullof28.forget,leave;forget

不能與地點(diǎn)的副詞或短語(yǔ)連用，而

leave

表示“遺忘”時(shí)，則要與表示地點(diǎn)的狀語(yǔ)連用?！狪’msorry,Ileftmyexercisebookathome.—Don’tforgettobringittoschooltomorrow,please.29.mixup混合lookup查閱putup提供；舉起pickup撿起；接電話giveup放棄setup建立useup用完=runout(of)comeupwith想出30putout熄滅comeout出版giveout=handout分發(fā)lookout注意sellout賣完31putoff推遲putaway放好；儲(chǔ)存giveaway贈(zèng)送；捐贈(zèng)32cutoff切除cutout刪除中考聽(tīng)填信息、看圖填詞、閱讀和信息歸納?？荚~信息歸納需認(rèn)識(shí)的單詞：1purpose目的2personality性格3distance距離4cause/reason原因5nationality國(guó)籍6address地址7sex性別8.male男性9.female女性10.fee費(fèi)用11direction方向12instruction說(shuō)明13opinion/view觀點(diǎn)14explain解釋15.advantage優(yōu)點(diǎn)16.disadvantage缺點(diǎn)17.method方法18.location位置19.condition條件20.theway(問(wèn))方式21.theplace(問(wèn))地點(diǎn)22.thepersons/people(問(wèn))人物23.thething(問(wèn))事物24.thetime(問(wèn))時(shí)間聽(tīng)填信息、看圖填詞、閱讀?？荚~1present/gift禮物2.program節(jié)目3.meaning意思4celebrate慶祝5believe相信6protect保護(hù)7.understand理解8express表達(dá)（explain解釋）9cartoon卡通10main主要的11behavior行為12hero英雄13advice建議14pass通過(guò)15pull拉16push推17culture文化18language語(yǔ)言19business生意20afford負(fù)擔(dān)得起21disappear消失22proud驕傲的23believe相信24bridge橋25difficult困難的26different不同的27German(s)德語(yǔ)/德國(guó)人28Germany德國(guó)29beginning開(kāi)始30hole洞/孔31French法語(yǔ)32France法國(guó)33change改變/零錢(qián)34hardly幾乎不35careless粗心的36promise承諾37healthier更健康38pocket口袋39visitor參觀者40cinema電影院41concert音樂(lè)會(huì)42themselves他們自己43ourselves我們自己44violin小提琴45sweater毛衣46picnic野炊47camera相機(jī)48information信息49environment環(huán)境50umbrella雨傘51vegetables蔬菜51thirsty口渴的52necessary必要的53.important重要的54instruction指令；命令55expression表達(dá)56impression印象；效果57especially尤其；特別58protect保護(hù)prevent預(yù)防pressure壓力59completely徹底地60recently最近；不久前61desert沙漠dozen一打62ancient古代的；古老的63achievement成就；成績(jī)64volunteer志愿者（義務(wù)做）數(shù)字1)five--fifth；nine--ninth；twelve--twelfth；forty--fortieth五--第五九--第九十二--第十二四十--第四十2)quarter四分之一；一刻鐘kilometer千米kilogram千克3)hundred百thousand千million百萬(wàn)billion十億dollar美元pound英鎊/磅hour小時(shí)minute分鐘second秒地點(diǎn)1）street街道,countryside農(nóng)村,village鄉(xiāng)村,town城鎮(zhèn),city城市,country國(guó)家/農(nóng)村garden花園church教堂swimmingpool游泳池,playground操場(chǎng),bank銀行/岸邊,airport機(jī)場(chǎng),diningroom餐廳,hall大廳kitchen廚房,trainstation火車站,restaurant飯店,café咖啡店,supermarket超市,library圖書(shū)館,hospital醫(yī)院,postoffice郵局museum博物館concert音樂(lè)會(huì)theatre劇院university大學(xué)hotel酒店toilet廁所2)Britain英國(guó),England英國(guó)/英格蘭,London倫敦,Scotland蘇格蘭,Australia澳大利亞,Sydney悉尼,Japan日本,Tokyo東京,America美國(guó),WashingtonDC華盛頓,NewYork紐約,Canada加拿大,Mexico墨西哥,Brazil巴西,Korea韓國(guó),France法國(guó),Germany德國(guó),Italy意大利,India印度,Singapore新加坡交通工具truck卡車,taxi的士,bicycle自行車,motorcycle摩托車,plane飛機(jī),jeep吉普車,subway地鐵,railway鐵路,train火車四季season季節(jié),spring春天,summer夏天,fall/autumn秋天,winter冬天天氣windy刮風(fēng)的,cloudy多云的,snowy下雪的,foggy有霧的,dry干燥的,wet潮濕的,weather天氣,rain雨,snow雪,ice冰,wind風(fēng),storm風(fēng)暴,fog霧,星期(week)Sunday周日,Monday周一,Tuesday周二,Wednesday周三,Thursday周四,Friday周五,Saturday周六月份(month)January一月,February二月,March三月,April四月,May五月,June六月,July七月,August八月,September九月,October十月,November十一月,December十二月節(jié)日（holiday）SpringFestival春節(jié)LanternFestival元宵節(jié)DragonBoatFestival(龍舟節(jié))Mid-AutumnFestival中秋節(jié)NewYear'sDay元旦/新年Women’sDay婦女節(jié)PlantingDay植樹(shù)節(jié)AprilFools’Day(或Fool’s)愚人節(jié)LaborDay/MayDay勞動(dòng)節(jié)Children’sDay兒童節(jié)Teachers’Day教師節(jié)NationalDay國(guó)慶節(jié)ChristmasDay圣誕節(jié)Mother’s/Father’sDay母親/父親節(jié)ThanksgivingDay感恩節(jié)方向（direction）north北south南east東west西southeast東南southwest西南northeast東北northwest西北right右left左up向上down向下middle中間front前面back后面顏色（color）brown棕色blue藍(lán)色green綠色purple紫色pink紅色yellow黃色red紅色white白色形容詞（adjective）long長(zhǎng)的short短的big/large大的small小的thick厚的thin薄的wide寬的narrow狹窄的deep深的difficult困難的clear清晰的simple簡(jiǎn)單的easy容易的fresh新鮮的pleasant令人愉快的exciting令人興奮的strange奇怪的relaxing令人放松的interesting有趣的moving令人感動(dòng)的moved（感到）感動(dòng)的性格(personality)outgoing外向的quiet安靜的serious嚴(yán)肅的gentle溫和的active積極的healthy積極的popular流行的famous/well-known著名的careless粗心的動(dòng)物(animal)rabbit兔子mouse-mice老鼠monkey猴子dolphin海豚fox狐貍frog青蛙tiger老虎lion獅子goat山羊deer鹿horse馬giraffe長(zhǎng)頸鹿koala考拉wolf-wolves狼食物和飲料(foodsanddrinks)fruit水果vegetables蔬菜rice米飯meat肉pork豬肉beef牛肉noodles餃子blacktea紅茶greentea綠茶coffee咖啡milk牛奶wine酒beer啤酒bread面包hamburger漢堡包sandwich(es)三文治potato土豆tomato西紅柿French-fries薯?xiàng)lonion洋蔥pepper胡椒carrot蘿卜cabbage卷心菜corn玉米juice果汁candy/sweet糖果chocolate巧克力coke可樂(lè)ice-cream冰激凌broccoli(不可數(shù))花椰菜cheese奶酪sausage香腸wheat小麥味道(taste)smell氣味/聞起來(lái)delicious/yummy美味的sour酸的crispy脆的salty咸的bitter苦的sweet甜的spicy/peppery辣的科目(subject)Chinese語(yǔ)文English英語(yǔ)math(s)數(shù)學(xué)physics物理chemistry化學(xué)geography地理biology生物politics政治science科學(xué)音樂(lè)和樂(lè)器(musicandinstrument)violin小提琴piano鋼琴guitar吉他flute笛子drum鼓musician音樂(lè)家pianist鋼琴家drummer擊鼓手職業(yè)(job)engineer工程師nurse護(hù)士doctor醫(yī)生dancer舞蹈家singer歌手scientist科學(xué)家writer作家thief-thieves賊designer設(shè)計(jì)師actor/actress演員waiter/waitress服務(wù)員bankclerk銀行職員shopassistant商店售貨員身體部位(partsofbody)eye眼睛nose鼻子mouth嘴巴lip嘴唇ear耳朵neck脖子knee膝蓋leg腿f(wàn)oot(feet)腳arm手臂hand手finger手指toe腳趾stomach胃hair頭發(fā)back后背throat喉嚨face臉beard胡子日常用品(commodity)soap肥皂toothbrush牙刷