精益生產(chǎn)之線平衡模式-Line-Balance-Models-中英文

LineLeanSixSigma

ImprovementProcessRoadMapDefinition–LineBalanceModelDesignPrinciplesValueDefinitionsApproachestoLineBalanceExerciseRD011202LineLeanSixSigma

改善過(guò)程路徑定義–線平衡模型設(shè)計(jì)原則價(jià)值定義線平衡方法練習(xí)RD011202LeanSixSigma

ImprovementProcessRoadMapAnalyzeControlImproveDefineIdentifyProblemDevelopListofCustomersDevelopListofCTQ’sfromVoiceoftheCustomerFinalizeProjectFocus

andKeyMetricsCompletePDFMeasureMapBusinessProcessMapValueStreamDevelopData

CollectionPlanConductMeasurement

SystemAnalysisCollectDataConductProcess

CapabilityAnalysisAnalyzeProposeCriticalX’sPrioritizeCriticalX’sVerifyCriticalX’sEstimatetheImpactofEachXonYQuantifytheOpportunityPrioritizeRootCausesConductRootCause

AnalysisonCriticalX’sImproveCriticalX’sConfirmedDevelopPotentialSolutionsSelectSolutionOptimizeSolutionPilotSolutionControlImplementProcess

ChangesandControlsWriteControlPlanCalculateFinalFinancial/ProcessMetricsTransitionProjecttoFutureOwnersIdentifyProjectTranslationOpportunitiesMeasureDefineProjectIDToolsProjectDefinitionFormNetPresentValueAnalysisInternalRateofReturnAnalysisDiscountedCashFlowAnalysisPIPManagementProcessRACIQuadChartsProcessMappingValueAnalysisBrainstormingMulti-VotingTechniquesParetoChartsC&E/FishboneDiagramsFMEACheckSheetsRunChartsControlChartsGageR&RCp&CpkSupplyChainAcceleratorAnalysisMulti-VariBoxPlotsInteractionPlotsRegressionANOVAC&EMatricesFMEABrainstormingPullSystemsSetupReductionTPMProcessFlowBenchmarkingAffinityDOEHypothesisTestingForceFieldTreeDiagramsGanttChartsCheckSheetsRunChartsHistogramsScatterDiagramsControlChartsParetoChartsInteractiveReviewsPoka-YokeRevised1-12-023精益6

過(guò)程改善流程分析控制改進(jìn)定義選定題目列出客戶從顧客之聲中列出關(guān)建需求定出項(xiàng)目焦點(diǎn)和重要指標(biāo)完成PDF測(cè)量繪制業(yè)務(wù)流程圖繪制價(jià)值流程圖制定數(shù)據(jù)收集計(jì)劃測(cè)量系統(tǒng)分析收集數(shù)據(jù)過(guò)程能力分析分析提出關(guān)鍵因子區(qū)分關(guān)鍵因子驗(yàn)證關(guān)鍵因子評(píng)枯每個(gè)關(guān)鍵因子對(duì)結(jié)果的影響量化機(jī)會(huì)根本原因排序?qū)ふ腋驹蜥槍?duì)關(guān)鍵因子改進(jìn)關(guān)鍵因子確認(rèn)發(fā)掘潛在的解決方法選擇方案優(yōu)化方案實(shí)行方案控制過(guò)程變革和控制制定控制計(jì)劃計(jì)算最終財(cái)務(wù)過(guò)程指標(biāo)項(xiàng)目過(guò)渡給未來(lái)項(xiàng)目管理者項(xiàng)目鑒別轉(zhuǎn)化機(jī)會(huì)測(cè)量定義項(xiàng)目編號(hào)工具項(xiàng)目定義表凈現(xiàn)值分析內(nèi)部回報(bào)率分析折算現(xiàn)金流分析？（按現(xiàn)值計(jì)算的現(xiàn)金流量分析）PIP管理過(guò)程RACIQuad表過(guò)程圖價(jià)值分析腦力風(fēng)暴投票歸類法柏拉圖因果圖/魚(yú)骨圖FMEA查檢表運(yùn)行圖控制圖量具R&RCp&Cpk供應(yīng)鏈加速器分析多變動(dòng)圖i盒狀圖交互作用圖回歸分析ANOVAC&E矩陣圖FMEA腦力風(fēng)暴拉系統(tǒng)減少設(shè)置TPM流程圖標(biāo)桿管理親和圖DOE假設(shè)檢驗(yàn)力場(chǎng)分析圖樹(shù)狀圖甘特圖查檢表運(yùn)行圖柱狀圖散布圖控制圖柏拉圖互動(dòng)回顧愚巧法Revised1-12-024LearningObjectivesHowtodesignandimplementaprocesssupportedbyalinebalancingmodelthatensuresoptimaluseof:PeopleFloorspaceCapitalAssetsMaterialKnowhowtomaximizeproductivity5學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)如何設(shè)計(jì)和實(shí)施由“線平衡模型”支持的一個(gè)流程以確保優(yōu)化配置：人地方固定資產(chǎn)材料知道如何使生產(chǎn)率最大化6What’sinItforMe?AbletodesignandimplementabalancedprocesslineUnderstandtheissuesinatypicalprocessenvironmentandhowtoimpactthoseissues7益處能夠設(shè)計(jì)和實(shí)施一個(gè)線平衡的生產(chǎn)線了解典型流程環(huán)境中的問(wèn)題及如何影響那些問(wèn)題8LineBalanceModelALineBalancingModelallowstheusertoviewtasktimesacrossaprocesstoidentifybottlenecksandthuscalculateoutputrates(throughput)andTaktTimes.Inaddition,theuserwillbeabletovisuallyseeunbalancedareasandwheretaskscanbeshiftedtobalancetheprocess.TheLineBalancetechniquesareapplicableintransactionalaswellasmanufacturing,e.g.,orderentryoperations.9線平衡模型線平衡模型允許用戶在一個(gè)流程中確定瓶頸問(wèn)題，并計(jì)算產(chǎn)出比率（產(chǎn)能）和TaktTimes。除此，用戶將能直觀地看到不平衡的區(qū)域和使流程平衡所做的任務(wù)。

線平衡方法與生產(chǎn)互動(dòng)一樣是可行的，如訂單進(jìn)入生產(chǎn)。10PrimaryIssuesinTypicalProcessEnvironmentsLargeorerraticbatchesExcessiveWIPPoorfloorspaceutilizationLowemployeeefficiencyLong/erraticcycletimesPoorbalanceofoperationsandlaboracrossprocessstepsConveyance,standbyandmotionwasteDisorganizedworkspaceandcomponent/supplystorageHighvariabilityofdemandonmultipleprocessingcenters,e.g.,callcenters/flowlines11典型型的的流流程程環(huán)環(huán)境境中中的的主主要要問(wèn)問(wèn)題題大批批量量或或反復(fù)復(fù)無(wú)無(wú)常常的的批批量量過(guò)多多的的WIP地方方利利用用的的差差較低低的的員員工工效效率率長(zhǎng)的的/反反復(fù)復(fù)無(wú)無(wú)常常的的周周期期時(shí)時(shí)間間流程程步步驟驟中中差差的的生生產(chǎn)產(chǎn)平平衡衡和和勞勞動(dòng)動(dòng)力力傳送送、、備備用用和和啟啟動(dòng)動(dòng)浪浪費(fèi)費(fèi)無(wú)規(guī)規(guī)則則的的工工作作地地點(diǎn)點(diǎn)和和元元件件/供供應(yīng)應(yīng)存存儲(chǔ)儲(chǔ)對(duì)于于多多重重的的流流程程中中心心，，需需求求變變化化差差異異大大2，，如如電電話話中中心心/流流出出線線12LineBalance––DesignPrinciplesMinimizeBatchSize/TransferQuantity/WorkInProcessMinimize/StabilizeCycleTimeMaximizeLaborEfficiencyOptimizenumberofworkstations/processstepsBalancetasks/laboracrossworkstationsMaximizespaceutilizationMinimizetaktvarianceMinimizeNVA(conveyance,standby,andmotionwastes)Minimizetheneedtore-balanceasdemandrequirementschangeMinimizevolumevariability(combineproductcategorydemand)Maximizeflexibilitytoallowforproductintroductionsanddiscontinuations13線平衡衡––設(shè)設(shè)計(jì)原原則使批量量規(guī)模模/轉(zhuǎn)移質(zhì)質(zhì)量/在制品品最小小化將周期期時(shí)間間最小小化/穩(wěn)定定化使勞動(dòng)動(dòng)效率率最大大化優(yōu)化配配置工工作站站/流流程步步驟平衡任任務(wù)/工作作站里里的勞勞動(dòng)最大限限度利利用空空間使takt的變化化最小小化最小化化NVA(運(yùn)送、、備用用和啟啟動(dòng)浪浪費(fèi))根據(jù)需需求的的變化化使再再平衡衡的需需求最最小化化使批量量差異異最小小化(綜合產(chǎn)產(chǎn)品種種類需需求)使柔性性最大大化以以允許許產(chǎn)品品引入入和非非持續(xù)續(xù)性14ValueDefinitionsValueAdd:Addingform,fit,orfunctiontotheproduct.Ataskoractivityforwhichthecustomerwouldbewillingtopay.Example––AssemblerscrewingaboltintoapieceofaluminumrequiredtoholdthewindowtogetherExample––FinancialServicesemployeeaddingcredithistorytoacreditapplicationBusinessValueAdd:AtaskthatisrequiredtobuildawindowbutforwhichthecustomerisnotwillingtopayExample––Thetimeittakesforanassemblertograbapartthatisatpoint-of-useandreadyitforassemblyExample––ThetimeittakesforaFinancialServicesemployeetosecureacreditapplicationandreadyitforprocessingNon-ValueAdd:AtaskthatisnotrequiredandshouldbeeliminatedbecauseitiswastefulExample––AssemblerhavingtosearcharoundtheirareatoretrieveapartforassemblyExample––FinancialServicesemployeehavingtolookformissinginformationneededtoaddcredithistoryinformation15價(jià)值定定義增值:增增加產(chǎn)產(chǎn)品的的形式式、或或功能能?？涂蛻粼冈敢飧陡顿M(fèi)的的任務(wù)或活動(dòng)動(dòng)。如–在在鋁合金中中裝配螺釘釘以把窗子子固定在一一起如–給員員工在應(yīng)用用信用方面面提供信信用歷史的的財(cái)務(wù)服務(wù)務(wù)業(yè)務(wù)增值:所需的一項(xiàng)項(xiàng)任務(wù)是一扇窗子，，但是客戶戶不愿付費(fèi)費(fèi)如–裝配配商花時(shí)間間抓住一個(gè)個(gè)零件在使使用點(diǎn)上進(jìn)進(jìn)行裝配如–為為員工提供供財(cái)務(wù)服務(wù)務(wù)是花時(shí)間間確保信用用的應(yīng)用16LineBalanceApproachesTwoDifferentApproaches:Approach#1––LongTermPlanner:Giventheinputsofaverageproductivity,assembly/processingtime,andforecastedoutput(demand),andhourspershift,calculatethenumberofassemblers/processorsandaveragetakttimeitwilltaketosatisfythedemand.Approach#2––Day-to-DayScheduler:Giventheinputsofaverageproductivity,assembly/processingtime,numberofassemblers/processors,anddesiredoutput(demand),calculatethehourspershiftandtaktrateitwilltaketosatisfythedemand.What’’sthedifference?LongTermPlannerallowsmanagementtounderstandstaffingincrementsbaseduponsomeforecasteddemandonalinebylinebasis.Day-to-Dayschedulerallowslinesupervisiontocalculateprocessparameters(taktrate,hourstowork)basedonthenumberofunitstoprocessandthenumberofpeoplewhoshowuptoworkthatday.17線平衡步驟驟兩種不同的的方法:方法#1–長(zhǎng)長(zhǎng)期計(jì)劃員員:作出平均投投入生產(chǎn)率率、裝配/加工時(shí)間間、及預(yù)計(jì)計(jì)的產(chǎn)量（（需求），，每班的時(shí)時(shí)間，計(jì)算算裝配工/操作工的的數(shù)量，及及滿足需求求所花的平平均時(shí)間。。方法#2–日日常安排員員:作出平均投投入生產(chǎn)率率,裝配/加工工時(shí)間，裝裝配工/操操作工的數(shù)數(shù)量，理想想的產(chǎn)量（（需求），，計(jì)算每班班所用的時(shí)時(shí)間和滿足足需求的takt比率。區(qū)別是什么么?長(zhǎng)期計(jì)劃員員允許管理理來(lái)了解在在以生產(chǎn)線線為基礎(chǔ)上上的需求預(yù)預(yù)測(cè)而增加加員工。日常安排員員允許生產(chǎn)產(chǎn)的監(jiān)督來(lái)來(lái)計(jì)算流程程參數(shù)（takt比率，工時(shí)時(shí)），這個(gè)個(gè)參數(shù)是基基于加工工單元數(shù)量量和人員數(shù)數(shù)量。18Approach#1LongTermPlanner途徑#1長(zhǎng)期計(jì)劃員員Input1.Demandrequirements2.Laborefficiency3.Assemble/processtasksandtimes4. Hourspershiftornumberofassembler/stationsOutput1.Taktrate2.NumberofAssemblers/ProcessorsORNumberofhourspershift3.StaffinglevelsatvaryingdemandProcessBalanceModel(spreadsheet)ProcessBalanceModel:DesignprocessOr21投入1.需求需要2.勞動(dòng)效率3.裝配/加工工任務(wù)和時(shí)時(shí)間4.每班時(shí)間或或裝配工/工作站數(shù)數(shù)量產(chǎn)出1.Takt比率2.裝配工/操操作工數(shù)量量或每班時(shí)時(shí)間3.在變化基礎(chǔ)礎(chǔ)上的員工工水平過(guò)程平衡模模型(spreadsheet)ProcessBalanceModel:設(shè)計(jì)流程O(píng)r22ProcessBalanceModel:StepsStep1:Understandpresentstateprocessoperation(gatheranddocumentdata)Step2:Determinetotaltimerequiredtoprocessunit(valueaddandbusinessvalueadd)Step3:DeterminemaximumoperatingparametersandplugparametersintoyellowcellsStep4:Determinetargetunit/dayoutputrequirementandplotontabletodeterminenumberofshifthourstoworktoachieverequirementStep5:PlotcurrentoperatingrangetodeterminelaborreductionrequiredtomeetoperatinggoalsStep6:Grouptasksinlogicalandefficientmannerthatdoesnotviolatedesignprinciples23過(guò)程平衡模模型步驟Step1:了解目前的的生產(chǎn)流程程狀況(收集數(shù)據(jù)并并文件化)Step2:確定處理單單元所需的的全部時(shí)間間（增值和和業(yè)務(wù)增值值）Step3:確定最大的的運(yùn)行參數(shù)數(shù)并將參數(shù)數(shù)插入黃格格中Step4:將目標(biāo)單元元/天所需的產(chǎn)產(chǎn)量在桌面面上標(biāo)出以以確定達(dá)到到需要的每每班工作時(shí)時(shí)間Step5:標(biāo)出目前的的運(yùn)行變化化以確定滿滿足生產(chǎn)目目標(biāo)所需減減少的勞動(dòng)動(dòng)力Step6:在不影響設(shè)設(shè)計(jì)原則的的情況下，，按邏輯和和效率態(tài)度度將任務(wù)分分解24Step1Understandpresentstateprocessoperation(gatheranddocumentactivitytimeactuals)Note:Timeshouldincludecustomervalueadd,businessvalueadd,andnon-valueaddtimesforeachstep/operation/taskStep2Determinetotal(current)timerequiredtoprocessunit.Note:Modelshouldautomaticallycalculatetotaltimeenteredinseconds,minutes,andhoursProcessBalanceModel:Steps1and225步驟1了解現(xiàn)在過(guò)過(guò)程狀況(收集、記錄錄活動(dòng)時(shí)間間)注意:時(shí)間應(yīng)該包包括CVA、BVA、與每一步驟驟、作業(yè)、、與任務(wù)的的時(shí)間步驟2決定全部（（目前）需需要完成任任務(wù)的時(shí)間間。

注意意：模型應(yīng)應(yīng)該可以自自動(dòng)計(jì)算時(shí)時(shí)間。過(guò)程平衡模模型步驟1和和226Step3Determinemaximumoperatingparametersandplugparametersintohighlightedcells-Allothercellsarecalculatedautomatically(Examplecalculationsarelocatedattheendofthissection.)ProcessBalanceModel:Step327步驟3決定最大的的作業(yè)參數(shù)數(shù)與加乘參參數(shù)到設(shè)定定的格位中中。其他的的格位可自自動(dòng)計(jì)算。。(計(jì)算案例在在本節(jié)最后后。)過(guò)程平衡模模型步驟328Step4Determinetargetunit/dayoutputrequirementandplotontabletodetermine#ofshifthourstoworktoachieverequirementProcessBalanceModel:Step4ThislinesaysthatIneedtoworkan8hourshiftwith12processorstoachievea400unit/dayoutputrequirement29步驟4決定需要要的目標(biāo)標(biāo)單位/日表，，并圖示示需要完完成任務(wù)務(wù)需要的的工作時(shí)時(shí)間。過(guò)程平衡衡模型:步驟4這行說(shuō)明明我需要要使用12人，，8小時(shí)時(shí)班來(lái)完完成每天天400單單位的需需要30Modelwillbuildthefollowinggraphwhichshowshowweshouldplanto:Staffinequalincrements(tolimithavingtore-balanceline)VaryhoursworkedtogetcompletecoverageofdemandrequirementsProcessBalanceModel:Step4(Cont.)31模型可建建立如下下圖說(shuō)明明:每一階段段需要的的人力完成任務(wù)務(wù)需要的的工作時(shí)時(shí)間過(guò)程平衡衡模型:步驟4(續(xù).)32Step5PlotcurrentoperatingrangetodeterminelaborreductionrequiredtomeetoperatinggoalsProcessBalanceModel:Step5Themodelhascalculatedthatatarateof150units/day,theareashouldbeworkinga6hourshiftwith7processors.Thisis2fewerprocessorsthantheircurrentenvironment.33步驟5繪制目前前的作業(yè)業(yè)范圍來(lái)來(lái)決定完完成目標(biāo)標(biāo)可節(jié)約約的人力力過(guò)程平衡衡模型:步驟5在150單單位/天的需求求下,需需要每每班6小時(shí)時(shí)，7位作業(yè)員員.比目前人人力少兩兩人34Step6Groupprocesstasksinlogicalandefficientmannerthatdoesnotviolatedesignprinciples(eg-(tasktime<taktratetime)ProcessBalanceModel:Step635步驟6合乎邏輯輯與共效效率的團(tuán)團(tuán)隊(duì)工作作不違反反設(shè)計(jì)原原則(例-(tasktime<taktratetime)過(guò)程平衡衡模型:步驟636Thisworksheetprovidesasummaryofinputsusedandoutputsgeneratedforeachwindowcategorythatisrunthroughthemodel.Thisworksheetisautomaticallycreatedandupdatedbythemodel.ModelSummary37這個(gè)工作作表提供供了在本本模式運(yùn)運(yùn)行下的的按窗口口分類的的投入和和產(chǎn)出的的總結(jié)。。這份表表格是自自動(dòng)生成成的并能能通過(guò)該該模式更更新。模型總結(jié)結(jié)38Approach#1:CalculationNotes(Step3)MaxLaborEfficiencyBestinclassis65%AssumptionisthatlaborefficiencydeclinesthemoretaskseachprocessorisaskedtoperformMaxhrspershiftShouldbesetto11hourstoobtainoptimalcoverageofrequirementsMaxDemand(units/hour)=MaxDemandRequirement/MaxhrspershiftMaxDemand(units/minute)=MaxDemand(units/hour)/60TaktTime(seconds/unit)=60/MaxDemand(units/minute)Thisistheamountoftimebetweenproductsexiting-ThisisalsothemaximumamountofprocesstimethatanyoneworkstationshouldperformwithoutcompromisingthelineflowTotalAssemblers/Processors=((TotalProcessTime(hrs)*MaxDmdReq(units/shift))/Maxhrspershift)/MaxLaborEfficiencyTheresultisroundeduptothenextwholeassemblerThisisthenumberofassemblers/processorsIshouldhavetoprocessthemaximumdemandrequirementatthemaximumlaborefficiencyWorkstationTime(secs/workstation)=TotalProcessTime(hrs)*60*60/TotalProcessors1processor=1workstationThisistheoptimalamountoftimethattasksshouldbegroupedbytobalancethelineLaborProductivity(Units/LaborHour)=MaxDemand(units/hour)/TotalProcessors39途徑#1:計(jì)算說(shuō)明(步驟3)最高勞動(dòng)效率率最好是65%假設(shè)勞動(dòng)效率率下降，需要要每個(gè)操作工工做更多的工工作每班最多工時(shí)時(shí)應(yīng)該設(shè)為11個(gè)小時(shí)以最最好地滿足需需要最大需求(units/hour)=最大需求需要要/每班最多多工時(shí)最大需求(units/minute)=最大需求(units/hour)/60Takt時(shí)間(seconds/unit)=60/最大需求(units/minute)這是現(xiàn)有產(chǎn)品品之間的時(shí)間間量-這這也是每每個(gè)工作站的的最多的流程程時(shí)間全部裝配工/操作工=((TotalProcessTime(hrs)*最大需求需要要(units/shift))/Maxhrspershift)/最高勞動(dòng)效率率這個(gè)結(jié)果接近近下次的全部部操作工這是在最高勞勞動(dòng)效率下的的滿足了最高高需求下的操操作工人數(shù)工作站時(shí)間(secs/workstation)=TotalProcessTimehrs)*60*60/TotalProcessors1操作工=1工作作站這是將任務(wù)分分組的最佳時(shí)時(shí)間勞動(dòng)生產(chǎn)率(Units/LaborHour)=最大需求(units/hour)/全部操作工40Approach#1:TeamExercise1.GototheVirtualCoachExerciseTabandopenthefiletitled:WindowsRUsLineBalancingExercise.doc2. Readthescenarioandcompletesteps1through4usingthespreadsheettitled:WindowsRUsLineBalancingData.xls3. Preparea5minutepresentationwithyourteamanswers.Youhave45minutestobuildthispartofalinebalancemodel.Detailedinstructionsareonthenextslide.41Approach#1:小組練習(xí)1. 看虛擬擬輔導(dǎo)練習(xí)并并打開(kāi)以下抬抬頭的文件:WindowsRUsLineBalancingExercise.doc2.讀情節(jié)并完成成第1到第4步，使用有有以下抬頭的的工作表格:WindowsRUsLineBalancingData.xls準(zhǔn)備5分鐘的的展示你有45分鐘的時(shí)間來(lái)來(lái)建這個(gè)線平平衡模型部分分具體的指導(dǎo)顯顯示在下一個(gè)個(gè)幻燈片上.42ExerciseObjectivesTeachthestudenthowtobalancealinemathematicallyTeachthestudentthemethodtore-layoutthelinetorealizethemathematicalbalanceTheexercisewilldevelop:TaktTimechartSkillMatrixProposedtimecalculation43練習(xí)的的目標(biāo)標(biāo)教學(xué)生生怎樣樣用數(shù)數(shù)學(xué)方方法來(lái)來(lái)平衡衡一條條線教學(xué)生生對(duì)線線進(jìn)行行再布布局的的方法法以實(shí)實(shí)現(xiàn)數(shù)數(shù)學(xué)上上的平平衡這個(gè)練練習(xí)將將制作作出:Takt時(shí)間圖圖表技能距距陣擬定時(shí)時(shí)間的的計(jì)算算44ExerciseInstructions1.UsingtheExcelspreadsheet,lookatthe““Currenttimes”tabtocompletethe““CurrentTaktTimeChart.””2.Lookatthe““CurrentStaffing””tabtocompletethe““SkillMatrix”tab.3.Usethethreetabsandre-dividethetaskstohaveabalancednumberoftaskswiththesamenumberofpeopleandsamesequenceastheoriginalline.Note:Aproposedlayoutisnottobemade.Currentextrusiondataisnottobedeveloped.Improvementstabisnottobecompleted.45練習(xí)指指南1.使使用用Excel工作表表格,看“目前的的時(shí)間間”以完成成“CurrentTaktTimeChart.”2.看““CurrentStaffing””完成“SkillMatrix”3.使用這這三個(gè)個(gè)表重重新分分配任任務(wù)，，用同同樣的的認(rèn)輸輸和程程序在在原來(lái)來(lái)的生生產(chǎn)線線上平平衡任任務(wù)數(shù)數(shù)量。。Note:不必做做出一一個(gè)擬擬定的的布局局不用做做出目目前的的數(shù)據(jù)據(jù)不必完完成改改進(jìn)表表46AssemblyBalanceModel:Day-to-DaySchedulerStep1:Understandcurrentstateoperation(gatheranddocumentdataaroundlayout,processflow,etc.).Step2:Determinetotaltimerequiredtoprocessunit(customervalueadd,businessvalueadd,currentnon-valueadd).Step3:Determinemaximumoperatingparametersandplugparametersintotaktratecalculator.Step4:Reviewoutputs:taktrateandnumberofhourstoworktoachieverequirement.Usethisoutputtofilloutlinetaktboard.47組裝裝平平衡衡模模型型日常常安安排排員員Step1:了解解目目前前的的生生產(chǎn)產(chǎn)狀狀況況(在布布局局和和流流程程周周圍圍收收集集數(shù)數(shù)據(jù)據(jù)并并使使之之文文件件化化).Step2:確定定單單元元流流程程所所需需的的全全部部時(shí)時(shí)間間(客戶戶增增值值、、業(yè)業(yè)務(wù)務(wù)增增值值、、目目前前非非增增值值））Step3:確定定最最大大的的生生產(chǎn)產(chǎn)參參數(shù)數(shù)并并將將參參數(shù)數(shù)插插入入taktratecalculatorStep4:回顧顧產(chǎn)產(chǎn)能能:takt比率率和和滿滿足足需需要要所所需需的的工工時(shí)時(shí)。。用用這這個(gè)個(gè)產(chǎn)產(chǎn)能能來(lái)來(lái)填填linetaktboard.48Approach#2Day-to-DayScheduler途徑徑#2每天天作作業(yè)業(yè)的的計(jì)計(jì)劃劃Step1Understandcurrentstateoperation(gatheranddocumentactivitytime).Note:Timeshouldincludecustomervalueadd,businessvalueadd,andnon-valueaddtimesforeachstep/operation/task.Step2Determinetotal(current)timerequiredtoprocessunit.Note:Modelshouldautomaticallycalculatetotaltimeenteredinseconds,minutes,andhours.Day-To-DayScheduler:Steps1and251步驟1了解目前前作業(yè)狀狀況(收集、記記錄作業(yè)業(yè)與作業(yè)業(yè)時(shí)間)。注意:時(shí)時(shí)間應(yīng)應(yīng)包括每每一步驟驟、作業(yè)業(yè)、任務(wù)務(wù)的CVA、、BVA與NV時(shí)間。步驟2決定目前前總時(shí)間間。注意意：模型型要能夠夠自動(dòng)運(yùn)運(yùn)算時(shí)間間日計(jì)劃:步驟1與252Step3DetermineoperatingparametersandplugparametersintoTaktRateCalculator-AllothercellsarecalculatedautomaticallyStep4Reviewoutputso