全國(guó)公共等級(jí)考試二級(jí)閱讀重點(diǎn)預(yù)測(cè)試題

本文格式為Word版，下載可任意編輯——全國(guó)公共等級(jí)考試二級(jí)閱讀重點(diǎn)預(yù)測(cè)試題Noteverythingthatisfacedcanbechanged,butnothingcanbechangeduntilitisfaced.以下是我為大家探尋整理的全國(guó)公共等級(jí)考試二級(jí)閱讀重點(diǎn)預(yù)料試題，夢(mèng)想能給大家?guī)?lái)扶助!更多精彩內(nèi)容請(qǐng)實(shí)時(shí)關(guān)注我們我!

Inthefollowingtext,somesentenceshavebeenremoved.ForQuestions51——55,choosethemostsuitableonefromthelistA.-[G]tofitintoeachofthenumberedblanks.Therearetwoextrachoices,whichdonotfitinanyoftheblanks.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET.

Thesocialsciencesareflourishing.Asof2022,therewerealmosthalfamillionprofessionalsocialscientistsfromallfieldsintheworld,workingbothinsideandoutsideacademia.AccordingtotheWorldSocialScienceReport2022,thenumberofsocial-sciencestudentsworldwidehasswollenbyabout11%everyyearsince2000.Yetthisenormousresourceinnotcontributingenoughtotoday'sglobalchallengesincludingclimatechange,security,sustainabledevelopmentandhealth.

1_________Humanityhasthenecessaryaggro-technologicaltoolstoeradicatehunger,fromgeneticallyengineeredcropstoartificialfertilizers.Here,too,theproblemsaresocial:theorganizationanddistributionoffood,wealthandprosperity.

2_________Thisisashame--thecommunityshouldbegraspingtheopportunitytoraiseitsinfluenceintherealworld.ToparaphrasethegreatsocialscientistJosephSchumpeter:thereisnoradicalinnovationwithoutcreativedestruction.

Today,thesocialsciencesarelargelyfocusedondisciplinaryproblemsandinternalscholarlydebates,ratherthanontopicswithexternalimpact.

Analysesrevealthatthenumberofpapersincludingthekeywords"environmentalchanged"or"climatechange"haveincreasedrapidlysince2022,3_________

Whensocialscientistsdotacklepracticalissues,theirscopeisoftenlocal:BelgiumisinterestedmainlyintheeffectsofpovertyonBelgiumforexample.Andwhetherthecommunity'sworkcontributemuchtoanoverallaccumulationofknowledgeisdoubtful.

Theproblemisnotnecessarilytheamountofavailablefunding.4_________Thisisanadequateamountsolongasitisaimedintherightdirection.Socialscientistswhocomplainaboutalackoffundingshouldnotexpectmoreintoday'seconomicclimate.

Thetrickistodirectthesefundsbetter.TheEuropeanUnionFrameworkfundingprogramshavelonghadacategoryspecificallytargetedatsocialscientists.Thisyear,itwasproposedthatsystembechanged:Horizon2022,anewprogramtobeenactedin2022,wouldnothavesuchacategory.Thishasresultedinprotestsfromsocialscientists.Buttheintentionisnottoneglectsocialscience;rather,thecompleteopposite.5_________Thatshouldcreatemorecollaborativeendeavorsandhelptodevelopprojectsaimeddirectlyatsolvingglobalproblems.

A.Itcouldbethatweareevolvingtwocommunitiesofsocialscientists:onethatisdiscipline-odentedandpublishinginhighlyspecializedjournals,andonethatisproblem-orientedandpublishingelsewhere,suchaspolicybriefs.

B.However,thenumbersarestillsmall:in2022,about1,600ofthe100,000social-sciencespaperspublishedgloballyincludedoneoftheseKeywords.

C.theideaistoforcesocialtointegratetheirworkwithothercategories,includinghealthanddemographicchangefoodsecurity,marineresearchandthebio-economy,clear,efficientenergy;andinclusive,innovativeandsecuresocieties.

D.thesolutionistochangethemindsetoftheacademiccommunity,andwhatitconsiderstobeitsmaingoal.Globalchallengesandsocialinnovationoughttoreceivemuchmoreattentionfromscientists,especiallytheyoungones.

[E]Theseissuesallhaverootcausesinhumanbehavior,allrequirebehavioralchangeandsocialinnovations,aswellastechnologicaldevelopment.Stemmingclimatechange,forexample,isasmuchaboutchangingconsumptionpatternsandpromotingtaxacceptanceasitisaboutdevelopingdeanenergy.

[F]Despitethesefactors,manysocialscientistsseemreluctanttotacklesuchproblems.AndinEurope,someareupinarmsoveraproposaltodropaspecificfundingcategoryforsocial-scienceresearchandtointegrateitwithincross-cuttingtopicsofsustainabledevelopment.

[G]Duringthelate1990s,nationalspendingonsocialsciencesandthehumanitiesasapercentageofallresearchanddevelopmentfunds--includinggovernment,highereducation,no-profitandcorporate--variedfromaround4%to25%;inmostEuropeannations,itisabout15%.

答案及解析

1.E此題是順接關(guān)系題。該空格位于其次段中間?？崭裰盀椤斑@么巨大的資源卻不夠應(yīng)對(duì)今天全球面臨的諸如氣候變化、安好、可持續(xù)進(jìn)展以及健康等挑戰(zhàn)?！笨崭裰竽敲凑劦搅恕叭祟?lèi)要借助從基因工程作物到人工化肥等必要的農(nóng)業(yè)科技工具來(lái)消釋饑餓。”可見(jiàn)空格處所填入的句子理應(yīng)起到承上啟下的作用，即既談到全球問(wèn)題，又涉及解決這些問(wèn)題，欣賞全體選項(xiàng)，只有E項(xiàng)既提到了“theseissues”，即上文所列舉的那些全球問(wèn)題，又談到了應(yīng)對(duì)氣候變化的例子，也即解決這些問(wèn)題的實(shí)踐。

2.F此題是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系題。該空格位于第三段段首。其次段段末提到目前全球面臨的問(wèn)題確定程度上也是社會(huì)性的，因此也理應(yīng)是社會(huì)科學(xué)研究的范疇。而空格之后展現(xiàn)“這是個(gè)恥辱——社會(huì)科學(xué)界本理應(yīng)抓住機(jī)遇提升自己在真實(shí)世界中的影響”，由此可以推斷意義展現(xiàn)轉(zhuǎn)折，空格處理應(yīng)表達(dá)社會(huì)科學(xué)家沒(méi)能應(yīng)對(duì)全球問(wèn)題，提升社會(huì)科學(xué)在真實(shí)世界中影響的意思，F(xiàn)項(xiàng)提到有好多的問(wèn)題需要社會(huì)科學(xué)的研究，但大量社會(huì)科學(xué)家卻不容許處理這些問(wèn)題，這正是社會(huì)學(xué)家沒(méi)能為解決真實(shí)世界中的問(wèn)題做出付出的實(shí)例。

3.B此題是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系題。該空格位于第五段段末?？崭袼诙谓o出了明確的線(xiàn)索詞“Ⅱlenumberofpapers”以及“keywords”.欣賞各選項(xiàng)可以明顯察覺(jué)B選項(xiàng)中幾個(gè)關(guān)鍵詞全部展現(xiàn)，同時(shí)B項(xiàng)說(shuō)明社會(huì)科學(xué)研究論文的總量依舊很小，這與前文指出的“社會(huì)科學(xué)研究論文增長(zhǎng)速度很快”構(gòu)成比較，說(shuō)明社會(huì)科學(xué)研究依舊有著很大的提升空間，符合本文論調(diào)。

4.G此題是順接關(guān)系題。該句位于第七段中間?？崭裰巴瑯诱宫F(xiàn)了明顯的線(xiàn)索“theamountofavailablefundin9”，同時(shí)結(jié)合空格之后“只要用對(duì)地方，這些資金足夠了”，可以推知空格處所填入的句子主要議論資金的數(shù)量。欣賞各選項(xiàng)，察覺(jué)只有G項(xiàng)展現(xiàn)了關(guān)鍵詞fund，同時(shí)該句話(huà)也切實(shí)在議論社會(huì)科學(xué)研究的資金數(shù)量問(wèn)題。

5.C此題是順接關(guān)系題。該句位于第八段中間。空格之前提到歐洲聯(lián)盟框架資助工程“2022年將開(kāi)頭實(shí)行一個(gè)全新的工程：地平線(xiàn)2022，這個(gè)工程將不再設(shè)有這項(xiàng)專(zhuān)項(xiàng)基金。這個(gè)抉擇導(dǎo)致了社會(huì)科學(xué)家的抗議。但是，這個(gè)抉擇的意圖并非忽略社會(huì)科學(xué);相反，是想要推動(dòng)社會(huì)科學(xué)”，由此可以揣測(cè)下文即將解釋為什么這個(gè)抉擇將要推動(dòng)社會(huì)科學(xué)的進(jìn)展。空格之后的片面那么提到“讓社會(huì)科學(xué)更多地與其他領(lǐng)域合作”，示意加強(qiáng)學(xué)科間合作是其中一個(gè)理由。欣賞各個(gè)選項(xiàng)察覺(jué)，C項(xiàng)中forcesocialsciencetointegratetheirworkwithothercategories正是對(duì)空格之后collaborativeendeavors的同義復(fù)現(xiàn)，同時(shí)該句也解釋了為什么這個(gè)抉擇將要推動(dòng)社會(huì)科學(xué)的進(jìn)展。

參考譯文

社會(huì)科學(xué)正在日益昌盛。2022年，全世界各個(gè)領(lǐng)域共計(jì)約有五十萬(wàn)專(zhuān)業(yè)社會(huì)科學(xué)家在學(xué)術(shù)界內(nèi)外工作。2022年《世界社會(huì)科學(xué)報(bào)告》稱(chēng)全球社會(huì)科學(xué)學(xué)生人數(shù)自2000年以來(lái)已經(jīng)實(shí)現(xiàn)了每年大約ll%的增長(zhǎng)。然而這么巨大的資源卻不夠應(yīng)對(duì)今天全球面臨的諸如氣候變化、安好、可持續(xù)進(jìn)展以及健康等挑戰(zhàn)。

1這些問(wèn)題的根源都在于人類(lèi)行為。這些問(wèn)題都需要行為變更、社會(huì)創(chuàng)新，以及科技進(jìn)展。例如，遏制氣候變暖與變更消費(fèi)模式和提高稅率有關(guān)，也與進(jìn)展清潔能源有關(guān)。人類(lèi)要借助從基因工程作物到人工化肥等必要的農(nóng)業(yè)科技工具來(lái)消釋饑餓。同樣，這些問(wèn)題也是社會(huì)性的：食物、資產(chǎn)和福祉的組織與分發(fā)。

2盡管有這么多的因素需要社會(huì)科學(xué)，大量社會(huì)科學(xué)家卻不容許處理這些問(wèn)題。在歐洲，一些社會(huì)科學(xué)家全副武裝起來(lái)抵擋一項(xiàng)旨在裁減某社會(huì)科學(xué)研究基金工程的提議，反對(duì)將這項(xiàng)基金并入到關(guān)于可持續(xù)進(jìn)展的前沿研究課題當(dāng)中。這是個(gè)恥辱——社會(huì)科學(xué)界本理應(yīng)抓住機(jī)遇提升自己在真實(shí)世界中的影響。援引宏偉的社會(huì)科學(xué)家約瑟夫·熊彼得的話(huà)：假設(shè)沒(méi)有創(chuàng)造性的消逝，就沒(méi)有突破性的創(chuàng)新。

今天，社會(huì)科學(xué)很大程度上關(guān)