英語閱讀理解科普環(huán)保題20套帶答案

英語閱讀理解（科普環(huán)保）題20套（帶答案）一、高中英語閱讀理解科普環(huán)保類.犇犇閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中，選出最佳選項。Throughoutmuchofhumanhistory,manhasbeenthemeasureofmany,ifnotall,things.Lengthsweredividedupintofeetandsmallerunitsfromthehumanhand.Othermeasureswereequallycharacteristic.Mediterraneantradersforcenturiesusedtheweightofgrainsofwheattodefine（定義）theirunitsofmass.TheRomansusedlibra,forerunnerofthepound,byreferringtotheweightofacarob（角豆樹）seed.Thesizesofsimilarlynamedunitscouldalsodiffer.Theking'sfoot,usedinFrancefornearly1,000yearsafteritsintroductionbyCharlemagneinaround790AD,was,at32.5cm,aroundacentimetershorterthantheBelgicfoot,usedinEnglanduntil1300.Greek,EgyptianandBabylonianversionsofwaterinafixedcontainervariedfromoneanotherbyafewkilos,Norwasthereagreementonsuchthingswithincountries.InFrance,wheretherewasnounified（統(tǒng)一的）measurementsystematthenationallevel,thesituationwasparticularlyterrible.Thelieue（formermeasureofdistance）,forexample,variedfromjustover3kminthenorthtonearly6kminthesouth.AlthoughJohnWilkins,anEnglishman,firstputforwardadecimalsystem（十進制）ofmeasurementin1668,itwastheFrenchwhoin1799madeitlaw.TheSystemeInternationald'Unites（SI,orthemetricsystem,asitisbetterknown）developedfromitandbecametheofficialmeasurementinallcountriesexceptMyanmar,LiberiaandtheUnitedStates.NowtheInternationalBureauofWeightsandMeasuresinParisissettogivethemetricsystemitsbiggestshake-upyet.AtameetinginVersailles,France,onNovember16th,2018,theworld'smeasurementbodiesarealmostcertaintoapproveadecisionthatwillmeanfouroutofthesevenbaseSIunits,includingthekilogram,willfollowtheotherthree,includingthemetre,inbeingredefinedintermsofthevaluesofphysicalconstants（物理常數(shù)）.Eachofthechosenconstantshasbeenmeasuredincrediblyprecisely,whichwouldmeanthatfromMay20th2019theconstantswillthemselvesbefixedattheircurrentvaluesforever.Anylaboratoryintheworldwillthenbeabletomeasure,forexample,themassofanobjectaspreciselyastheaccuracyoftheirequipmentwillallow.WhatdoesParagraph1mainlytellus?A.Poundwentbeforelibrainmeasurement.B.Differentthingsusedtobeadoptedasmeasures.C.GrainswereacceptedasmeasuresbytheRomans.D.Fixedmeasurementsystemsweregraduallyformed.Howdoestheauthordevelopthesecondparagraph?A.Intimeorder.B.Byanalysis.C.Inspaceorder.D.Bycomparison.WhichofthefollowingcountriesusedSIasanofficialmeasurement?A.France.B.Liberia.C.America.D.Myanmar.Whatwilltheworld'smeasurementbodiesachieveatthemeetingheldinVersailles?A.TheywillcomeupwithsevennewSIunits.B.TheywillsetMay20thasanewinternationalfestival.C.TheywillredefinefourSIunitsincludingthekilogram.D.Theywilldecideonanewmeasureusedinthelaboratory.【答案】(1)B(2)D(3)A(4)C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，法國凡爾賽宮舉辦的國際計量大會，將對目前使用的國際單位制中的四個基本單位進行重新定義，其中包括對千克的重新定義。(1)考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第一段中的"manhasbeenthemeasureofmany,ifnotall,things”以及下文提到的用作計量單位的手、腳、谷物重量和參考角豆種子重量的磅可知，本段主要講述了不同的東西被用作計量單位。故選B。(2)考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第二段中的"Theking'sfoot...aroundacentimetreshorterthantheBelgicfoot"和"Greek,EgyptianandBabylonianversionsofwaterinafixedcontainervariedfromoneanotherbyafewkilos,以及Thelieue(formermeasureofdistance),forexample,variedfromjustover3kminthenorthtonearly6kminthesouth”可推知，本段作者主要運用了對比的寫作方法，把同一計量單位在不同國家之間或者在同一國家不同區(qū)域間的差異進行了說明。故選D。(3)考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第三段中的"itwastheFrenchwhoin1799madeitlaw和TheSystemeInternationald'Unites(SI,orthemetricsystem,asitisbetterknown)developedfromitandbecametheofficialmeasurementinallcountriesexceptMyanmar,LiberiaandtheUnitedStates〃可知，在所給出的四個國家中，只有法國采用國際單位制(SI)。國際單位制是現(xiàn)時世界上最普遍采用的標準度量衡單位系統(tǒng)，采用十進制進位系統(tǒng)。故選A。(4)考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)最后一段中的"AtameetinginVersailles,France,onNovember16th,2018,theworld'smeasurementbodiesarealmostcertaintoapproveadecisionthatwillmeanfouroutofthesevenbaseSIunits...willfollowtheotherthree...inbeingredefinedintermsofthevaluesofphysicalconstants”可知，在法國凡爾賽宮召開的會議上，七個基本計量單位中的四個將被重新定義，其中包括對千克的重新定義。故選C?！军c評】本題考點涉及細節(jié)理解和推理判斷兩個題型的考查，是一篇科普類閱讀，考生需要準確捕捉細節(jié)信息，同時根據(jù)上下文進行邏輯推理，從而選出正確答案。2.犇犇閱讀下面文章，然后從題中所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出每個問題的最佳選項。Mytwo-andfour-year-oldboyslovetowin,whetherthey'reracingtheirbikesdownthesidewalkorjustfinishingtheirsnacks.It'struethatthosewithhighstatus,fromworldleadersandprizewinnerstoathletesandmoviestars,arepeoplewelikeandrespect.ArecentstudypublishedinNatureHumanBehaviourshowedthatweseemtohaveaninnate(天生的)preferenceforhigh-rankingpeoples—butonlyifthosepeoplearen'thurtfultowardothers.Researchersshowedtoddlers(aged21to31months)ascenewheretwopuppets(木偶)approachedoneanotherfromoppositesidesofastageandonebowedtolettheotherpassfirst.Askedwhichpuppettheylikedbetter,18ofthe21toddlersintheexperimentreachedforthepuppetwhohadbeenallowedtopass.Becauserespectfromothersisamarkerofstatus,thissuggeststhatchildrenhaveapreferenceforthosewithahigherstatu—evenbeforeagethree.However,theresultswerequitedifferentwhentwopuppetsapproachedoneanotherandoneusedforcetoknocktheotherdownbeforecontinuingtotheotherside.Inthiscase,18ofthe21toddlersreachedfortheonewhowasknockeddown.Astheresearchersconcluded,"Whenapproachingothers,veryyoungchildrencarenotonlywhowins,butalsohow."Thepreviousexperimenthasshownthattoddlersknowaboutsocialstatus,butthisexperimentwentonestepfurtherbyprovingtheyhaveanobviouspreferenceforhighstatus.Sincetheparticipantsweresoyoung,thismightevenbeaninnatehumanpreference.Inaword,thisnewresearchsuggeststhatyoungchildrenappreciatepeoplewhodowellwhileatthesametimedoinggoodtoothers.So,whenmyfour-year-oldthinksthathehastogethisshoesonfirst,I'llkeepremindinghimthathelpinghisbrothersotheybothfinishfasteriswhatwinningisallabout.Whatdowetendtodoaccordingtothefirstparagraph?A.Seekchallengesallthetime.B.Admirehigh-rankingpeople.C.Takeadvantageofhighstatus.D.Hurtotherswithoffensivewords.Whydidtoddlerspreferthepuppetallowedtopass?A.Itlookedadorable.B.Itbehavedsmartly.C.Itseemedpolite.D.Itwasrespected.Whatcanweinferfromthelatterstudy?A.Slowerpeoplearebetterlovedbytoddlers.B.Peoplenaturallydislikeunkindbehavior.C.Toddlerscarelittleabouthighsocialstatus.D.Beinghelpfulcontributestobeingsupported.Whatshouldwedowhenweencouragechildrentowin?A.Instructthemtouseproperandcreativeways.B.Advisethemtobeashardworkingaspossible.C.Remindthemtobeconsideratetootherpeople.D.Tellthemtotrytocooperatewithsomeoneelse.【答案】（1）BDBC【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了人們更傾向于喜歡和尊敬地位高而又無害于他人的人，這似乎是一種天性，即使是蹣跚學步的孩子也是如此。（1）考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第一段中的"ArecentstudypublishedinNatureHumanBehaviourshowedthatweseemtohaveaninnate（天生的）preferenceforhigh-rankingpeoples—butonlyifthosepeoplearen'thurtfultowardothers.”可知，我們更傾向于敬佩那些地位高的人。故選B。（2）考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段中的"Askedwhichpuppettheylikedbetter,18ofthe21toddlersintheexperimentreachedforthepuppetwhohadbeenallowedtopass.Becauserespectfromothersisamarkerofstatus,thissuggeststhatchildrenhaveapreferenceforthosewithahigherstatus—evenbeforeagethree.”可知，蹣跚學步的孩子喜歡那個被允許通過的木偶，是因為這種行為代表著受人尊敬，孩子們更喜歡受尊敬的人。故選D。（3）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第三段中的"Inthiscase,18ofthe21toddlersreachedfortheonewhowasknockeddown.和Sincetheparticipantsweresoyoung,thismightevenbeaninnatehumanpreference.”可知，孩子們會走向被撞倒的人，而由于孩子太小，甚至可能是人類與生俱來的偏好。由此可推斷出，人們天生不喜歡不友善的行為。故選B。（4）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)最后一段中的"Inaword,thisnewresearchsuggeststhatyoungchildrenappreciatepeoplewhodowellwhileatthesametimedoinggoodtoothers.”可知，孩子欣賞那些在做好事的同時表現(xiàn)出色的人。由此可推斷出，我們鼓勵孩子去贏的同時，提醒他們要體諒他人。故選C?！军c評】本題考點涉及細節(jié)理解和推理判斷兩個題型的考查，是一篇科教類閱讀，考生需要準確掌握細節(jié)信息，同時根據(jù)上下文進行邏輯推理，從而選出正確答案。3.犇犇閱讀理解Researchershavefoundbeescandobasicmathematics,inadiscoverythatdeepensourunderstandingoftherelationshipbetweenbrainsizeandbrainpower.Recently,AstudyconductedbyresearchersfromRMITUniversityinMelbourne,Australiashowedthatbeescouldperformarithmeticoperationslikeadditionandsubtraction減法）.Solvingmathproblemsrequiresacomplexlevelofinvolvingthementalmanagementofnumbers,long-termrulesandshort-termworkingmemory.ThefindingthateventhetinybrainofahoneybeecangraspbasicmathematicaloperationshasapossibleeffectonthefuturedevelopmentofArtificialIntelligence,particularlyinimprovingrapidlearning.RMIT'sProfessorAdrianDyersaidnumerical（數(shù)字的）operationslikeadditionandsubtractionarecomplexbecausetheyrequiretwolevelsofprocessing."Youneedtobeabletoholdtherulesaroundaddingandsubtractinginyourlong-termmemory,whilementallyusingskillfullyasetofgivennumbersinyourshort-termmemory,”Dyersaid."Ontopofthis,ourbeesalsousedtheirshort-termmemoriestosolvearithmeticproblems,astheylearnedtorecognizeplusorminusasabstractconcepts.”Thefindingssuggestthatadvancednumericalcognition(認知)maybefoundmuchmorewidelyinnatureamongnon-humananimalsthanpreviouslysuspected.“Ifmathdoesn'trequireamassivebrain,theremightalsobenewwaysforustoincludeinteractionsofbothlong-termrulesandworkingmemoryindesignstoimproverapidAIlearningofnewproblems,”saidDyer.Manyspeciescanunderstandthedifferencebetweenquantitiesandusethistosearchforfood,makedecisionsandsolveproblems.Butnumericalcognition,suchasexactnumberandarithmeticoperations,requiresamorecomplexlevelofprocessing.Previousstudieshaveshownsomeprimates(靈長目動物),birds,babiesandevenspiderscanaddand/orsubtract.Thenewresearch,publishedinScienceAdvancesddsbeestothatlist.WhathavetheresearchersfromRMITUniversitydiscovered?Therelationshipbetweenbrainsizeandbrainpower.Long-termrulesandshorttermworkingmemory.Beescanperformcomplexarithmeticoperations.Beescandobasicmathematics.AccordingtoAdrianDyer,bees'numericalcognition.requiresadditionandsubtractiontwocomplexprocessinghasapossibleeffectonthefuturedevelopmentofAIonlyinvolvestheirshort-termworkingmemorycallsforalotofmathsknowledgeWhatdoesthefindingofthenewresearchsuggest?Beescanrecogizetheexactnumber.Arithmeticoperationsexistinhumanandbees.Numericalcognitionhasbeenfoundinmanymorespecies.Someprimates,birdsandevenspiderscanaddandsubstract.Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?ADiscoveryAbouttheTinyBrainofBeesNewFindingsAboutBeesHavingNumericalCogintionNumericalCognitionRequiresaComplexLevelofProcessingTheRelationshipBetweenBrainSizeandBrainPower【答案】(1)D(2)B(3)C(4)B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，RMIT大學的研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)了蜜蜂能做基本的數(shù)學。此前的研究表明，一些靈長類動物、鳥類、嬰兒甚至蜘蛛都可以加減法。發(fā)表在《科學進展》(ScienceAdvances)雜志上的這項新研究將蜜蜂也列入了這一名單。(1)考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第一段中的“Australiashowedthatbeescouldperformarithmeticoperationslikeadditionandsubtraction(減法).”澳大利亞證明蜜蜂可以做加法和減法等算術(shù)運算?！芍?，RMIT大學的研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)了蜜蜂能做基本的數(shù)學。故選D。（2）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第五段中的"Ifmathdoesn'trequireamassivebrain,theremightalsobenewwaysforustoincludeinteractionsofbothlong-termrulesandworkingmemoryindesignstoimproverapidAIlearningofnewproblems,“如果數(shù)學不需要一個巨大的大腦，那么在設(shè)計中，我們也可能有新的方法來包括長期規(guī)則和工作記憶的互動，從而提高人工智能對新問題的快速學習，可知，AdrianDyer認為，蜜蜂的數(shù)字認知對人工智能的未來發(fā)展可能有影響。故選B。（3）考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的"Manyspeciescanunderstandthedifferencebetweenquantitiesandusethistosearchforfood,makedecisionsandsolveproblems.Butnumericalcognition,suchasexactnumberandarithmeticoperations,requiresamorecomplexlevelofprocessing.〃許多物種都能理解數(shù)量之間的差異，并以此來尋找食物、做出決定和解決問題。但是數(shù)字認知，比如精確的數(shù)字和算術(shù)運算，需要更復雜的處理?？芍?，新研究的發(fā)現(xiàn)說明了在更多的物種中發(fā)現(xiàn)了數(shù)字認知。故選C。（4）考查主旨大意。根據(jù)最后一段中的"Previousstudieshaveshownsomeprimates靈長目動物），birds,babiesandevenspiderscanaddand/orsubtract.Thenewresearch,publishedinScienceAdvances,addsbeestothatlist.”此前的研究表明，一些靈長類動物、鳥類、嬰兒甚至蜘蛛都可以加減法。發(fā)表在《科學進展》（ScienceAdvances）雜志上的這項新研究將蜜蜂也列入了這一名單。〃故選B。【點評】本題考點涉及細節(jié)理解，推理判斷和主旨大意三個題型的考查，是一篇科研類閱讀，要求考生在捕捉細節(jié)信息的基礎(chǔ)上，進一步根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進行分析，推理，概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。4.犇犇閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中，選出最佳選項。Onespringday,oncetheflowershavebeguntoopen,abeewillhover（盤旋）andzipthroughyouryardanddive-bombyourpicnictable.Whileyou'rethinkingaboutavoidinganattack,thatbeeisfocusedonsomethingelseentirely:me.Ahoneybeehasaboutsixweekstolive.Today,likemostdays,hertaskistoflyasmanyasthreemilesfromhome,stickherlong,straw-liketongueintoahundredorsoflowers.Whenthebeehashadherfill,shellflyhome.Therethebeewilldepositwhatshehasgotintothemouthofoneofherco-workers,whowillrelayittoanother,andsoonforabout20minutes,untilthemixtureisreadytobeplacedintothecomb.Thensheandher50000orsomateswillhoverinthedarkallnighteverynight,flappingtheirwingstocreatehot,breezyconditionstoremovethewaterfromthemixture.Severalsunriseslater,theywillsealmeoffinagoldencellofbeeswax.Inherlifetime,ourbeemayvisit4,000flowers,andyetwillproduceonlyone-twelfthofateaspoonofme.TheaverageAmericanconsumesnearlyapoundandahalfofmeeveryyear,intea,ontoast,andbeyond.IfIdosaysomyself,Iamatimelesstreasure.Literally-Inevergobad.Alas,mygoodhealthisnotguaranteed.Theproblemliesinthegrowthofindustrialagricultureandtheuseofpestcontrolchemicals,aswellaschangesinweatherpatterns,allofwhichreducethenumberofflowersbeeshavetovisitI'dappreciateyourlettingyourowngardengrowjustalittlewildMyfuturedependsonallofusfosteringspringandsummerswildflowers,thushelpingthebees,whogivesomuch—toyou,tome—withouteveraskingforanythinginreturn.Whatdoes"me"refertointhepassage?A.Theflower B.Thebee C.Water D.HoneyWhatisthe2ndparagraphmainlyabout?A.Bees'specialtalent B.Bees'hardwork.C.Bees'livingenvironment. D.Bees'socialbehavior.Whatisthepurposeofthepassage?A.Toappealforhelpforhoneybees. B.Totalkaboutthehistoryofatreasure.C.Toputforwardtechniquesforgardeners.D.Toargueagainstthecontrolofchemicals.【答案】(1)DBA【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，用擬人的手法，以蜂蜜的口吻，介紹了蜜蜂雖然只有六周左右的壽命，但用其一生辛勤為人類釀造蜂蜜，人類應(yīng)該保護蜜蜂。(1)考查代詞指代。根據(jù)第一段中的"Whileyou'rethinkingaboutavoidinganattack,thatbeeisfocusedonsomethingelseentirely"可知，當你在想如何避免蜜蜂的攻擊時，其實蜜蜂完全專注于其他的東西一一蜜，由此可知me指的就是蜜，故選D。(2)考查主旨大意。通讀第二段內(nèi)容可知，本段主要介紹了蜜蜂雖然只有六周左右的壽命，但用其一生辛勤采蜜，為人類釀造蜂蜜，由此可知本段主要介紹的是蜜蜂的辛勤工作，故選B。(3)考查推理判斷。根據(jù)最后一段中的"thushelpingthebees,whogivesomuch—toyou,tome—withouteveraskingforanythinginreturn."可知，這篇文章的目的是呼吁人們幫助為人類辛勤采蜜的蜜蜂，故選A?！军c評】本題考點涉及代詞指代，推理判斷和主旨大意三個題型的考查，是一篇科普類閱讀，考生需要根據(jù)上下文進行邏輯推理，概括歸納，從而選出正確答案。5.Directions:Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.AtinycluefoundinancientdepositshasunlockedbigsecretsaboutGreenland'spastandfutureclimate.JustbeyondthenorthwestedgeofthevastGreenlandIceSheet,researchershavediscoveredlakemudthathavesurvivedthelasticeage.Themud,andremainsofcommonfliesinit,recordtwointerglacialperiods(間冰期)innorthwestGreenland.Althoughresearchershavelongknownthesetwoperiods—theearlyHoloceneandLastInterglacial—experiencedwarmingintheArctic,themixofflyspeciesshowsthatGreenlandwasevenwarmerthanpreviouslythought."Asfarasweknow,ithasneverbeenfoundinGreenland.Wethinkthisisthefirsttimeanyonehasreporteditinancientdepositsormodernlakesthere,"Axfordsaid."Wewerereallysurprisedtoseehowfarnorthitmigrated遷徙)."ThisnewinformationcouldhelpresearchersbettermeasureGreenland'ssensitivitytowarming,bytestingandimprovingmodelsofclimateandicesheetbehaviour.ThosemodelscouldthenimprovepredictionsofhowGreenland'sicesheetmightrespondtoman-madeglobalwarming.Afterall,Greenlandcovers80percentoftheArcticcountryandholdsenoughicetoequal20feetofglobalsealevel."NorthwestGreenlandmightfeelreallyremote,butwhathappenstothaticesheetisgoingtomattertoeveryoneineverycoastalcityaroundtheworld,"saidYarrowAxford,anassociateprofessorintheteam."OneofthebiguncertaintiesinclimatescienceishowfasttheEarthchangeswhenitgetswarmer.GeologygivesusanopportunitytoseewhathappenedwhentheEarthwaswarmerthantoday,"saidAxford.Peoplemightbesurprisedtoseehowtoday'sGreenlandlookedduringthelasttwointerglacialperiods.DuringtheLastInterglacial,globalsealevelsincreasedby15to30feet,largelyduetothinningofGreenlandandAntarctica'sicesheets.However,nowresearchersbelievenorthernGreenland'sicesheetexperiencedstrongerwarmingthanpreviouslythought,whichcouldmeanthatGreenlandismoreresponsibleforthatsea-levelrise.Findinglakedepositsolderthanabout10,000years,however,hasbeenhistoricallyverydifficultinGreenland.Tomeasuretheseancienttemperatures,researcherslooktoicecores(冰核)andlakedeposits.Sinceiceandlakedepositsformbyagradualbuilduponannuallayersofsnowormud,thesecorescontainhistoryofthepast.Bylookingthroughthelayers,researcherscanobtainclimatecluesfromcenturiesago.Whyaretheremainsoffliesmentionedinthefirsttwoparagraphs?A.TheyserveasevidencethatthereisstilllifeintheNorthwestGreenland.B.TheywereoneofthemanyancientlivesthatwereleftintheGreenlandmud.C.TheyareindicatorsthatGreenlandwasmuchwarmerthanpreviouslythought.D.TheyhelptheresearchersrealizethattherewasonceawarmperiodintheArctic.ThenewinformationaboutGreenlandisimportantbecause.A.researchershavenoideahowtomeasureGreenland'swarmingspeedB.itcanhelpresearchersbetterpredictGreenland'sresponsetowarmingC.peopleshouldbemoresensitivetothechangesintheiceinGreenlandD.itisuncertainhowfasttheEarthchangeswithman-madeglobalwarmingWhichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromthepassage?A.Itiseasierfortoday'sscientiststofindancientlakedeposits.B.PeoplearesurprisedatthelandscapefeatureofGreenlandtoday.C.Researchersmeasurethechangingtemperaturesbydirectlyexaminingmud.D.Greenlandholdsenoughicethatmightonedaythreatenlifeincoastalcities.Whichdoyouthinkisthebesttitleofthepassage?A.GreenlandUsedtoBeMuchGreenerB.EarthOnceExperiencedWarmPeriodsC.CoastalCitiesWarnedofComingDisastersD.NorthwestGreenland,APerfectDestination【答案】(1)C(2)B(3)D(4)A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了在古代沉積物中發(fā)現(xiàn)的一條微小線索揭開了格陵蘭島過去和未來氣候的大秘密。就在廣闊的格陵蘭冰原的西北邊緣，研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)了在最后一個冰河時代幸存下來的湖泥?，F(xiàn)在研究人員認為，格陵蘭北部的冰蓋經(jīng)歷了比之前認為的更強烈的變暖。（1）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第一段中的"Themud,andremainsofcommonfliesinit,recordtwointerglacialperiods（間冰期）innorthwestGreenland.”在格陵蘭島西北部，泥漿和常見蒼蠅的殘骸記錄了兩次間冰期；以及第二段中的"Althoughresearchershavelongknownthesetwoperiods—theearlyHoloceneandLastInterglacial—experiencedwarmingintheArctic,themixofflyspeciesshowsthatGreenlandwasevenwarmerthanpreviouslythought.”盡管研究人員很早就知道這兩個時期一一全新世早期和最后一次間冰期一一在北極經(jīng)歷了變暖，但混合的蠅類表明格陵蘭島甚至比之前認為的還要熱?？芍谇皟啥沃刑岬缴n蠅的殘骸是為了證明格陵蘭島的溫度比之前認為的要高得多。故選C。（2）考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第三段中的"ThisnewinformationcouldhelpresearchersbettermeasureGreenland'ssensitivitytowarming,bytestingandimprovingmodelsofclimateandicesheetbehaviour.〃可知，這些新信息可以幫助研究人員更好地測量格陵蘭島對氣候變暖的敏感性。故選B。（3）考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第三段中的"Afterall,Greenlandcovers80percentoftheArcticcountryandholdsenoughicetoequal20feetofglobalsealevel./NorthwestGreenlandmightfeelreallyremote,butwhathappenstothaticesheetisgoingtomattertoeveryoneineverycoastalcityaroundtheworld,,”可知，格陵蘭島覆蓋了這個北極國家的80%，擁有相當于全球海平面20英尺的冰。"格陵蘭西北部可能真的感覺很遙遠，但冰蓋的變化將關(guān)系到世界上每個沿海城市的每個人?！ü蔬xD。（4）考查主旨大意。本文通過最新的發(fā)現(xiàn)一一最后一個冰河時代幸存下來的湖泥及湖泥中的蒼蠅殘骸及其相關(guān)研究說明格陵蘭島之前可能更暖和。因此，本文的最佳標題應(yīng)為“格陵蘭島曾經(jīng)更加綠色〃。故選A。【點評】本題考點涉及細節(jié)理解，推理判斷和主旨大意三個題型的考查，是一篇科研類閱讀，考生需要準確捕捉細節(jié)信息，并根據(jù)上下文進行邏輯推理，概括歸納，從而選出正確答案。.閱讀理解DelhihasbeenthecentreofasuccessionofmightyempiresandpowerfulkingdomsinIndia.Numerousruinsscatteredthroughouttheterritoryofferaconstantreminderofthearea'shistory,whichmakesthecityalwaysbeafascinatingplacefortourists.Withthedevelopmentofthecityandmoreandmorepeoplemoving,thecityhasexpandedseveraltimesinsize.ThatiswhyitiscalledNewDelhi.NewDelhi,acitywithapopulationofover20millionpeople,hasitsnewestproblem:neverbeforehasthiscitymetwiththeworstairproblem.AirpollutioninIndianscapitalsurgedtoitsworstlevelsinyears,coveringthecityinathicksmogthathasbecomeanannualpublic-healthemergencydespitegovernmentvowstosolvetheproblem.Hundredsofflightswerediverted,delayedandcanceledovertheweekendduetopoorvisibility,schoolsandofficeswereclosedMondayandofficialsrushedtotakeemergencymeasurestotrytoreversetheerodingairquality.Millionsofantipollutionmasksweredistributedatschools,colleges,hospitalsandmarkets.NewDelhi,isengulfedeachyearastheweathercoolsandathickhazebuildsupfromthepollutants_emittedfromcarsandcoal-basedpowerplants,swirlingdustfromconstructionsitesandroadsandsmokefromcropstubbleburninginneighboringstates.FireworksandfirecrackerstocelebratetheHindufestivalofDiwalithenarrives,leavingDelhitheworld'smostpollutedcity.Thecity'sairqualityindex,whichmeasuresamixofdangerouspollutants,registeredanaveragescoreof494Sunday.Thatisthehighest24-houraveragesinceNov.6,2016,whenithit497,accordingtodatameasuredbytheCentralPollutionControlBoard.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?A.DiwaliisoneofthemostimportantfestivalsinIndia.B.Thegovernmentdidlittletoprotectitscitizensagainsttheseriouspollution.C.SuchaseriousairpollutioninNewDelhiappearsonaregularbasis.D.Theindexoftherecentairpollutionisnottheworstinthehistory.Whomaynotcomplainabouttheseriousairpollution?A.Theparentswhosechildrenhavetostayathome.B.Thepilotswhoseplaneshavebeendivertedordelayed.C.Themanufacturerswhoproduceantipollutionmasks.D.Theofficialswhohavetoworkoutoftheiroffices.Whichofthefollowingphrasescanreplacetheunderlinedwordinparagraph5?A.Sentout.B.Sentup.C.Sentin.D.Senton.Thetitleofthepassageshouldbe .A.ProblemsCausedbytheDevelopmentofNewDelhiB.DangerousPollutionEnvelopsNewDelhiC.AntipollutionMasksAreinGreatNeedinNewDelhiD.FarmersintheNeighboringStatesaretoBlameforBurningCropStubble【答案】(1)B(2)C(3)A(4)B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，隨著城市的發(fā)展和越來越多的人口流動，城市規(guī)模的擴大，印度的新德里成為世界上污染最嚴重的城市。雖然政府發(fā)誓解決污染問題，但由于污染嚴重，整個新德里處于危險的污染中，人們必須戴防污口罩，冬天天氣寒冷污染物成霧霾，成為世界是污染最嚴重的城市。(1)考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第三段。廳pollutioninIndianscapitalsurgedtoitsworstlevelsinyears,coveringthecityinathicksmogthathasbecomeanannualpublic-healthemergencydespitegovernmentvowstosolvetheproblem/印度首都的空氣污染飆升至多年來最嚴重的水平，籠罩著這座城市的濃霧已成為年度公共衛(wèi)生緊急事件，盡管政府誓言要解決這個問題；第五段"NewDelhi,isengulfedeachyearastheweathercoolsandathickhazebuildsupfromthepollutantsemittedfromcarsandcoal-basedpowerplants,swirlingdust...,leavingDelhitheworld'smostpollutedcity.”新德里每年都會被污染吞沒，隨著天氣變冷，汽車和以煤為基礎(chǔ)的發(fā)電廠排放的污染物、建筑工地和道路上飄動的灰塵，以及鄰國農(nóng)作物秸稈燃燒產(chǎn)生的煙霧，都會形成濃霧。慶祝印度排燈節(jié)的煙花爆竹隨后到達，使德里現(xiàn)在成為世界上污染最嚴重的城市；以及第四段中的"Millionsofantipollutionmasksweredistributedatschools,colleges,hospitalsandmarkets.”在學校、學院、醫(yī)院和市場上分發(fā)了數(shù)以百萬計的防污口罩?？芍?，政府盡管發(fā)誓解決這種污染，但情況不僅沒有改變，反而更加嚴重，使得人們必須佩戴防毒口罩。由此可判斷出政府幾乎沒有保護其公民免受嚴重污染。故選B。（2）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第四段“Hundredsofflightswerediverted,delayedandcanceledovertheweekendduetopoorvisibility,schoolsandofficeswereclosedMondayandofficialsrushedtotakeemergencymeasurestotrytoreversetheerodingairquality.Millionsofantipollutionmasksweredistributedatschools,colleges,hospitalsandmarkets.”周末期間，由于能見度低，數(shù)百架航班被迫改道、延誤和取消，學校和辦公室周一關(guān)閉，官員們緊急采取措施，試圖扭轉(zhuǎn)不斷惡化的空氣質(zhì)量。學校、大學、醫(yī)院和市場分發(fā)了數(shù)百萬個防污染口罩。由此可知，由于污染嚴重，學校、大學、醫(yī)院和市場分發(fā)了數(shù)百萬個防污染口罩。所以生產(chǎn)防污染口罩的廠家要加大生產(chǎn)，是不會抱怨的，故選C。（3）考查詞義猜測。根據(jù)第五段中的"NewDelhi,isengulfedeachyearastheweathercoolsandathickhazebuildsupfromthepollutantsemittedfromcarsandcoal-basedpowerplants,swirlingdustfromconstructionsitesandroadsandsmokefromcropstubbleburninginneighboringstates.〃本句是說新德里每年都籠罩在污染中。因為天氣變冷，從汽車和以煤為基礎(chǔ)的發(fā)電廠“emitted〃的污染物形成了厚厚的霧霾。根據(jù)常識可知，汽車和用煤發(fā)電的發(fā)電廠會“排放或釋放〃污染物的。由此可判斷"emitted%排放的意思。故選A。（4）考查主旨大意。本文敘述了隨著城市的發(fā)展和越來越多的人口流動，城市規(guī)模的擴大，印度的新德里成為世界上污染最嚴重的城市。雖然政府發(fā)誓解決污染問題，但周末的能見度低，數(shù)百架航班在周末改道、延誤和取消，學校和辦公室周一關(guān)閉，人們必須戴防污口罩，可知，新德里被嚴重的污染所籠罩。故選B?！军c評】本題考點涉及推理判斷，詞義猜測和主旨大意三個題型的考查，是環(huán)保類閱讀，考生需要根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進行分析，推理，概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。.閱讀理解Somepeoplesitoutsideforhourswithoutgettingbittenbymosquitoes,butitalwaysseemslikeyou'rebeingeatenalivewithinminutesofsteppingoutdoors.Ifthisisyou,you'renotalone.AccordingtoSmithsonianMagazine,around20percentofpeopleintheworldareespeciallytastytomosquitoes.Whataboutthesepeoplemakesmosquitoes'mouthswater?Apopularmythclaimsthatmosquitoesprefercertainbloodtypes,butthefactisthattheysimplycan'ttellwhatyourbloodtypeisfromafarawayplace.JonathonDay,aprofessorofmedicalentomology（昆蟲學）attheUniversityofFloridaintheUS,toldNBCit'snotcomplicated."Thetwomostimportantreasonsamosquitoisattractedtoyouhavetodowithsightandsmell."Mosquitoesareespeciallyactiveinthelateafternoon.Whileflyingalong,theyusetheirsenseofsmelltofindpossibletargets.Theyfindvictims攻擊對象）bysmellingthecarbondioxide（CO2）breathedoutbyhumansandanimals.That'swhyyoucommonlyfindthemincrowdedstreetsandparks.JoopvanLoon,anentomologistatWageningenUniversityintheNetherlands,toldLiveScience,"Mosquitoesstartorienting（使朝向）themselvestocarbondioxideandkeepflyingupwindastheysensehigherconcentrations（濃度）."Asaresult,peoplewhosimplyexhale（呼出）moreofthegasovertime-generally,largerpeople-havebeenshowntoattractmoremosquitoesthanothers."Thisiswhykidsdon'tgetbittenasmuch...asadults,"USprofessorTedRosentoldScienceAlert.ThisloveforCO2canalsoputpregnantwomenatincreasedriskformosquitobites,astheytendtoexhale21percentmoreCO2thanpeopleofthesameageandsizewhoaren'tpregnant.I