2023年同等學力英語A卷真題

絕密*啟用前2023年同等學力人員申請碩士學位外國語水平全國統(tǒng)一考試英語試卷一ENGLISHIQUALIFICATIONTESTFORMASTER-DEGREEAPPLICANTSPaperOne(90minutes)PartIDialogueCommunication(10minutes,10points)PartIIVocabulary(20minutes,10points)PartIIIReadingComprehension(45minutes,30points)PartIVCloze(15minutes,15points)考生須知本考試分試卷一和試卷二兩部分。試卷一滿分65分，考試時間為90分鐘，9:00開始，10:30結束；試卷二滿分35分，考試時間為60分鐘，10:30開始，11:30結束。本考試及格原則為總分60分，其中試卷二不低于18分。2.請考生務必將本人考號最終兩位數字填寫在本頁右上角方框內。3.本試卷一為A型試卷，請將答案用2B鉛筆填涂在A型答題卡上，答在其他類型答題卡或試卷上無效。答題前，請查對答題卡與否為A型卡，若不是，請規(guī)定監(jiān)考員予以更改。4.在答題卡上對旳旳填涂措施為：在答案所代表旳字母上劃線，如【A】【B】【C】【D】．5.監(jiān)考員宣布試卷一考試結束后，請停止答試卷一，將試卷一和試卷一答題卡反扣在自己旳桌面上，繼續(xù)做試卷二。監(jiān)考員將到座位收取試卷一和試卷一答題卡。6.監(jiān)考員收卷過程中，考生須配合監(jiān)考員驗收，并請監(jiān)考員在準考證上簽字（作為考生交卷旳憑證）。否則，若發(fā)生答卷遺失，責任由考生自負。PaperOne試卷一（90minutes）PartIDialogueCommunication(10minutes,10points,Iforeach)SectionADialogueCompletionDirections:Inthissection,youwillread5shortincompletedialoguesbetweentwospeakers,eachfollowedby4choicesmarkedA,B,C,andD.Choosetheanswerthatbestsuitsthesituationtocompletethedialogue.Thenmarkthecorrespondingletterwithasinglebaracrossthesquarebracketsonyourmachine-scoringANSWERSHEET.1.A:DavidsaidheboughtanewBMWfor￡5,000！B:Soundsprettycheaptome!A:Well,that’swhathesaid.A.Areyousure? B.Cometothinkofit.C.Doyouthinkso? D.Ishecrazy?2.A:Wejustcamebackfromphoenix.Andwehadthebestvacationinyears.B:I’mgladtohearit.A.Oh,mygoodness!B.Howwasit?C.Oh,thereyougoagain.D.Goodforyou.3.A:Ijustcan’tstandthisclassanymote!B:It’srequired,andyouhavetositinitinordertograduate.A.Well,whynotjustdropoutofit?B.Why,youcansaythatagain!C.Well,youmightaswellgetusedtoit.D.Why,Icouldn’tagreemore!4.A:Idon’tknowaboutyou,butIthoughtthatfilmwasterrific.B:Theactionwasgreat,andsowasthemusic.A.Justthesame.B.I’mwithyouthere.C.Moreorless.D.Isuredo.5.A:Dangavemeafreeridehome,butIpaidforthegas.B:Youknowwhattheysay,A.there'snofreelunch.B.don'tbiteoffmorethanyoucanchewC.onegoodturndeservesanotherD.it'swhoyouknowthatcounts.SectionBDialogueComprehensionDirections:Inthissection,youwillread5shortconversationsbetweenamanandwoman.Attheendofeachconversationthereisaquestionfollowedby4choicesmarkedA,B,C,andD.Choosethebestanswertothequestionfromthe4choicesbymarkingthecorrespondingletterwithasinglebaracrossthesquarebracketsonyourmachine-scoringANSWERSHEET.6.Woman:I'drathernottalkaboutit.Justdon'task.Man:Comeon.Ithinkyouneedtoletoffsomesteam.Question:Whatdoesthemanadvisethewomantodo?A.Totalktohimabouttheproblem.B.Tokeepthesecret.C.Toreducetheworkload.D.Tohaveagoodrest.7.Woman:Julie'sdresslooksfunny.ThatstylewentoutlastyearMan:Oh,comeon,aslongasitlooksgoodonher.Question:Whatdoesthemantrytoemphasize?A.Julie'sdressisnotoutdated.B.Julie'sdressdoesnotsuither.C.Julieshouldfollowthefashion.D.Julielooksfineinthatdress.8.Man:Whatkindofsnacksdoyouprefer?Woman:Oh,I'vegotasweettooth,youknow.Question:Whatdoesthewomanprobablylike?A.Sandwich.B.Hotdogs.C.Icecream.D.Potatochips9.Woman:I’mtiredofdrivingallthewaytoworkandbackeverydayIfonlycarscoulddrivethemselves!Man:Well,somecarmanufacturersareworkingonthem.Iguessyou’llsoonbuyoneifyoucanaffordit.Question:Whatdoesthemanimply?A.Thewomanwillbeabletobuyanintelligentcar.B.Carsthatdrivethemselvesmaybeveryexpensive.C.Heisworkingwithacarproduceronintelligentcars.D.Drivingtoworkreallyaheadache.10.Man:Annie,howdoesit,notevencrossyourmindthatyoumightwantafuturewithsomeone?Woman:It’ssimpleIdon’tmindbeingmarriedtomyCareer.Question:What’sAnnie’sattitudetowardsherfuture?A.Shewillstaywithsomeoneunmarried.B.Shewillliveasimplelife.C.Shewillquitherjobtogetmarried.D.Shewillfullyfocusonherjob.ParⅡVocabulary(20minutes,10points,0.5foreach)SectionADirections:inthisthereare10sentences,eachwithonewordorphraseunderlined.Choosetheonefromthe4choicesmarkedA,B,CandDthatbestkeepsthemeaningofthesentence.Thenmarkthecorrespondingletterwithasinglebaracrossthesquarebracketsonyourmachine-scoringANSWERSHEET.11.Thenewsreportscompletelyoverlookedthemoreprofoundpoliticalimplicationsoftheevents.A.neglected B.foresawC.explored D.assessed12．Teachersandnurseswhodealwithchildrenareobligedtoreportcasesofsuspectedchildabusetoauthorities.A.reminded B.expectedC.compelled D.requested13.Yourgradewillbebasedinlargepartontheoriginalityofyourideas.A.creativity B.popularityC.feasibility D.flexibility14.Wesuspectthereisaquitedeliberateattempttosabotagetheelectionsandunderminetheelectoralcommission.A.conscious B.desperateC.clumsy D.intentional15.SostrangewerethecircumstancesofmystorythatIcanscarcelybelievemyselftohavebeenapartytothem.A.just B.hardlyC.almost D.definitely16.Smokeparticlesandotherairpollutantsareoftentrappedintheatmosphere,thusformingdirtyfog.A.constrained B.caughtC.concealed D.concentrated17.Employeesinchemicalfactoriesareentitledtoreceiveextrapayfordoinghazardouswork.A.poisonous B.difficultC.dangerous D.harmful18.CurtCarlson,thewealthiestmaninMinnesota,ownedahotelcompanywithsalesreachingintheneighborhoodof＄9billion.A.precisely B.merelyC.substantially D.approximately19.Thetendencyofthehumanbodytorejectforeignmatteristhemainobstacletosuccessfulorgantransplantation.A.factor B.constituentC.barrier D.break20.WheneveryouneedTom,heisalwaystherewhetheritbeanearorahelpinghand,soyoucanalwaysleanonhim.A.counton B.benefitfromC.standfor D.sticktoSectionBDirections:Inthissection,thereare10incompletesentences.Foreachsentencethereare4choicesmarkedA,B,Cand1).Choosetheonethatbestcompletesthesentence.Thenmarkthecorrespondingletterwithasinglebaracrossthesquarebracketsonyoumachine-scoringANSWERSHEET.21.Itwithoutsayingthatconsumerswouldbehappierifpriceswerelower.A.takes B.appearsC.makes D.goes22.Theworldeconomicrecessionputanendtothesteelmarketupturnthatbeganin2023.A.irregular B.illegalC.abrupt D.absurd23.I'mabouthowyoudiscoveredmywebsite,andamverygladifyouenjoyit.A.mysterious B.furiousC.serious D.curious24.TheLaborParty'selectoralstrategy,basedonanwithothersmallerparties,hasprovedsuccessful.A.acquaintance B.integrationC.alliance D.curious25.Thenewaircraftwillbetoatestoftemperaturesof-650CA.suspended B.suppressedC.summoned D.subjected26.ThemoneyIgotfromteachingonthesidewasausefultomyordinaryincome.A.profit B.supplementC.subsidy D.replacement27.Chinesepeoplearenowenjoyingbetterdentalhealth,asshownbythedecliningoftoothdecay.A.treatment B.incidenceC.consequence D.misfortune28.Manycountrieshaveconservationprogramstopreventcertainoffishfrombecomingextinct.A.species B.sourcesC.numbers D.members29.Susannevertookanycookerycourses;shelearnedcookingbyusefultipsfromTVcookeryprograms.A.pickingup B.bringingupC.puttingup D.pullingup30.ThePresidenthisdeputytoactforhimwhilehewasabroad.A.promoted B.substitutedC.authorized D.displacedPartIIIReadingComprehension(45minutes,30points,1foreach)Directions:Thereare5passagesinthispart.Eachpassageisfollowedby6questionsorunfinishedstatements.Foreachofthemthereare4choicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosethebestoneandmarkthecorrespondingletterwithasinglebaracrossthesquarebracketsonyourmachine-scoringANSWERSHEET.PassageOneUntillastspring,NiaParkerandtheotherkidsinherneighborhoodcommutedtoschoolonBus59.Butasfuelprices,theschooldistrictneededtofindawaytocutitstransportationcosts.Sotheschool'sbusingcompanyredrewitsroutemap,eliminatingNia'sbusaltogether.NowNiaandherneighborstravelthehalfmiletoschoolviaa"walkingschoolbus"—agroupofkids,supervisedbyanadultortwo,whomakethewalktogether.Liketherestofus,schooldistrictsarefeelingpinchedbyrisingfuelcosts—andfindingnewwaystoadapt.Thepriceofdieselfuelhasgoneup34percentinthepasttwoyears.ForthetypicalAmericanschooldistrict,busbillstotal5percentofthebudget.Asadministratorslooktotrim,busingisaninvitingtarget,sinceitdoesn'taffectclassroominstruction(ortestscores).MorethanonethirdofAmericanschooladministratorshaveeliminatedbusstopsorroutesinordertostaywithinbudget.Manyparentsaredelightedtoseetheirkidswalkingtoschool,partlybecausemanydidsothemselves:accordingtoa1969survey,nearlyhalfofschoolkidswalkedorbikedtoschool,comparedwithonly16percentin2023.Modernparentshavebeenunwillingtoletkidswalktoschoolforfearoftraffic,crimeorsimplebullying,butwithorganizedadultsupervision,thoseconcernshavediminished.Schoolsandbusingcompaniesarefindingotherwaystosave.Inruralareaswherebusingisamust,someschoolshaveevenchosenfour-dayschoolweeks.Busingcompaniesinstructdriverstoeliminateextrastopsfromroutesandtoturnofftheenginewhileidling.Theyarealsousingcomputersoftwaretodeterminethemostfuel-efficientroutes,whicharen'talwaystheshortestones.Therecouldbedownsides,however,tothebusingcutbacks.Ifeveryformerlybusedstudentbeginswalkingtoschool,it'sanenvironmentalwin--butiftoomanyoftheirparentsdecidetodrivetheminstead,theoverallcarbonfootprintcangrow.Replacingbuseswithmanymoreparent-drivencarscanalsoincreasesafetyrisks:A2023reportconcludedstudentsare13timessaferonaschoolbusthaninapassengercar,sincebuseshavefeweraccidentsandwithstandthembetterduetotheirsize.Andsomestudentscomplainaboutthelongmorninghikes,particularlywhentheroutecontainsareallybighill.31.The"walkingschoolbus".A.doesnotconsumefuel B.aimstokeepchildrenfit C.seldomcausestrafficjams D.ispopularwithschoolkids32.InAmericatheresponsibilityforbusingkidstoschoollieswith.A.individualschools B.schooldistrictsC.Teachers D.parents33.Asregardswalkingtoschool,modemparentsseemmuchconcernedwiththe.A.timespentontheway B.changesintherouteC.kids'physicalstrength D.safetyoftheirchildren34.Tosavemoney,someschoolschooseto.A.taketheshortestroutes B.shortentheschoolweekC.givedriversbettertraining D.usefuel-efficientbuses35.Busingcutbacksmayeventuallyleadto.A.fiercercompetitionamongbuscompaniesB.morestudentstakingpublictransportationC.anincreaseincarbondioxideemissionsD.adecreaseinthesafetyofschoolbuses36.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribestheauthor'sattitudetowardsbusingcutbacks?A.Favorable.B.Critical.C.Objective.D.Indifferent.PassageTwoPeoplearelivinglongerthanever,butforsomereason,womenarelivinglongerthanmen.AbabyboybornintheUnitedStatesin2023canexpecttolivetobeabout73,ababygirl,about79.Thisisindeedawidegap,andnoonereallyknowswhyitexists.Thegreaterlongevity(長壽)ofwomen,however,hasbeenknownforcenturies.Itwas,forexample,describedintheseventeenthcentury.However,thedifferencewassmallerthen--thegapisgrowing.Anumberofreasonshavebeenproposedtoaccountforthedifferences.Thegapisgreatestinindustrializedsocieties,soithasbeensuggestedthatwomenarelesssusceptibletoworkstrainsthatmayraisetheriskofheartdiseaseandalcoholism.Sociologistsalsotellusthatwomenareencouragedtobelessadventurousthanmen(andthismaybewhytheyaremorecarefuldrivers,involvedinfeweraccidents).Evensmokinghasbeenimplicatedintheagediscrepancy.Itwasoncesuggestedthatworkingwomenaremorelikelytosmokeandasmorewomenenteredtheworkforce,theagegapwouldbegintoclose,becausesmokingisrelatedtoearlierdeaths.Now,however,weseemorewomensmokingandtheystilltendtolivelongeralthoughtheirlungcancerrateisclimbingsharply.Onepuzzlingaspectoftheproblemisthatwomendonotappeartobeashealthyasmen.Thatis,theyreportfarmoreillnesses.Butwhenamanreportsanillness,itismorelikelytobeserious.Someresearchershavesuggestedthatmenmaydieearlierbecausetheirhealthismorestronglyrelatedtotheiremotions.Forexample,mentendtodiesoonerafterlosingaspousethanwomendo.Menevenseemtobemoreweakenedbylossofajob.(Bothofthesearelinkedwithamarkeddecreaseintheeffectivenessoftheimmunesystem.)Amongmen,deathfollowsretirementwithanalarmingpromptness.Perhapswearesearchingfortheanswerstooclosetothesurfaceoftheproblem.Perhapstheanswersliedeeperinourbiologicalheritage.Afterall,thephenomenonisnotisolatedtohumans.Femaleshavetheedgeamongvirtuallyallmammalian(哺乳動物旳)species,inthattheygenerallylivelonger.Furthermore,inmanyofthesespeciesthedifferencesbeginatthemomentofconception;therearemoremalemiscarriages(流產).Inhumans,afterbirth,morebabyboysthanbabygirlsdie.37.Whatcanwelearnfromthefirsttwoparagraphs?A.Men'slifespanremainsalmostunchanged.B.Researchershavefoundthecausesoftheagegap.C.Themoreadvancedasociety,thegreatertheagegapD.Theagegapwasnoticedonlyrecently.38.AsissuggestedinParagraph2,thetwofactorsrelevanttowomen’slongerlifespanareA.diseasesandroadaccidentsB.industrializationandworkstrainsC.theirimmunitytoheartdiseaseandrefusalofalcoholD.theirenduranceofworkstrainsandreluctanceforadventure39.AccordingtoParagraph3,whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?A.Thegreatnumberofmalesmokerscontributestotheagegap.B.Thegrowingnumberofsmokingwomenwillnarrowtheagegap.C.Femaleworkersaremorelikelytosmokethanmaleworkers.D.Smokingdoesnotseemtoaffectwomen’slongevity.40.Whichofthefollowingphenomenamakesresearcherspuzzled?A.Men’shealthismorecloselyrelatedtotheiremotions.B.Thoughmoreliabletoillnesses,womenstilllivelonger.C.Menshowworsesymptomsthanwomenwhentheyfallill.D.Quiteanumberofmendiesoonaftertheirretirement.41.Theword“edge”inParagraph6means“”A.margin B.sideC.advantage D.quality42.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?A.Thegreaterlongevityofwomenremainsamystery.B.Thatwomenarehealthierthanmenwellexplainstheirlongevity.C.Peoplearelivinglongerasaresultofindustrialization.D.Womenarelessemotionallyaffectedbydifficultiesinlife.PassageThreeManyareawareofthetremendouswasteofenergyinourenvironment,butfailtotakeadvantageofstraightforwardopportunitiestoconservethatenergy,Forexample,everyoneknowsthatlightsshouldbeswitchedoffwhennooneisinanoffice.Similarly,whenemployeesarenotusingameetingroom,thereisnoneedtoregulatetemperature.Fortunately,oneneednotrelyonhumaninterventiontoconserveenergy.Withthehelpofsmartsensingandnetworktechnology,energyconservationprocessessuchasturningofflightsandadjustingtemperaturecanbereadilyautomated.Ultimately,thistechnologywillenableconsumersandplantmanagerstobetteridentifywastefulenergyuseandinstituteproceduresthatleadtosmarterandmoreefficienthomes,buildingsandindustrialplants.Untilnow,wiresandcablesforpowerandconnectivityhavelimitedthewidespreadadoptionofsensor(傳感器)networksbymakingthemdifficultandexpensivetoinstallandmaintain.Battery-poweredwirelessnetworkscansimplifyinstallationandreducecost.Buttheirhighpowerconsumptionandthecorrespondingneedforregularbatteryreplacementhasmadewirelessnetworksdifficultandcostlytomaintain.Nobodywantstoreplacehundredsorthousandsofwindowsensorbatteriesinalargebuildingonaregularbasis.Thepromiseofwirelesssensornetworkscanonlybefullyrealizedwhenthewiringforboththedatacommunicationandthepowersupplyiseliminated.Doingsorequiresatruebattery-freewirelesssolution,onethatcanutilizeenergyharvesteddirectlyfromtheenvironment.Tofacilitatethewidespreaddeploymentofwirelesssensornetworks,GreenPeakhasdevelopedanultra-low-powercommunicationtechnologythatcanutilizeenvironmentalenergysourcessuchaslight,motionandvibration.Thistechnology,employingon-boardpowermanagementcircuitsandcomputersoftwaretomonitorenergyharvestersandmakethebestuseofharvestedenergy,enablessensorstooperatereliablyinabattery-freeenvironment.Wirelesssensornetworksdeployedinourofficesandhomeswillhaveanenormousimpactonourdailylives,helpingtobuildasmarterworldinwhichenergyisrecycledandfullyutilized.Thesewirelessplatforms,equippedwithadvancedsensingcapability,willenableustobettercontrolourlives,homesandenvironment,creatingatrulyconnectedworldthatenablespeopleworldwidetoliveinamorecomfortablesafer,andcleanerenvironment.43.By“humanintervention”(Paragraph2),theauthorrefersto________.A.thereductionofgreatenergywasteintheenvironmentB.thegraspingofstraightforwardopportunitiesavailableC.actsliketurningofflightswhennooneisintheroomD.theadoptionofsmartsensingandnetworktechnology44.Batteriesarenotanidealenergysourceforsensornetworksbecausethey________. A.havetobereplacedfromtimetotime B.containmetalsthatpollutetheenvironment C.requireautomaticrecharging D.aredifficultandcostlytomaintain45.Battery—freewirelesssensornetworksaremadepossiblebythefactthat________. A.thereisenergyintheenvironmenttobeutilized B.thecostofusingthemhasbeendrasticallyreduced C.moderndatacommunicationconsumeslittleenergy D.theirmaintenancehasbeengreatlysimplified46.Accordingtothepassage,GreenPeak________. A.isthefirstcompanytoinstallwirelesssensornetworks B.promotestheapplicationofwirelesssensornetworks C.suppliesbatteriesoperatingonharvestedenergy D.benefitshandsomelyfromcommunicationtechnology47.ThefocusofParagraph4isonthe______. A.replacementofbatteriesinharvesters B.monitoringofenergyharvestedfromtheenvironment C.eliminationofbatteriesinsensornetworks D.impactofsensornetworksonpowersupply48.Wirelesssensornetworkspromiseto_______. A.bringbusinesseshighprofitsB.furtherdevelopthesensingtechnologyC.turnmotionintoamajorsourceofenergyD.improvethedailylivesofpeopleworldwidePassageFour Ifyouhaven’theardorseenanythingaboutRoadRageinthelastfewmonths,you’veprobablybeenavoidingthemedia.therehavebeencountlessstoriesaboutthisnewandscaryphenomenon,consideredatypeofaggressivedriving.Youhavemostlikelyencounteredaggressivedrivingand/orRoadRagerecentlyifyoudriveatall. Whiledrunkdrivingremainsacriticalproblem,thefactsaboutaggressivedrivingaresurelyasdisturbing.Forinstance,accordingtothenationalhighwaytransportationsafetyassociation,41,907peoplediedonthehighwaylastyear.Ofthosefatalities,theagencyestimatesthatabouttwo-thirdswerecausedatleastinpartbyaggressivedrivingbehavior. Whyisthisphenomenonoccurringmorethanevernow,andwhyisitsomethingthatseemedalmostnonexistentafewshortyearsago?Expertshaveseveraltheoriesandallareprobablypartiallycorrect.Onesuggestionissheerovercrowding.Inthelastdecade,thenumberofcarsontheroadshasincreasedbymorethan11percent,andthenumberofmilesdrivenhasincreasedby35percent.However,thenumberofnewroadmileshasonlyincreasedby1percent.Thatmeansmorecarsinthesameamountofactivitiesintotheday,stresslevelshaveneverbeenhigher.Stresscreatesanxiety,whichleadstoshorttempers.Thesefactors,whencombinedincertainsituations,canspellRoadRage. Youmaythinkyouarethelastpersonwhowoulddriveaggressively,butyoumightbesurprised.Forinstance,haveyoueveryelledoutloudataslowerdriver,soundedthehornlongandhardatanothercarorspeduptokeepanotherdriverfrompassing?Ifyourecognizeyourselfinanyofthesesituations,watchout! Whetheryouaregettingangryatotherdrivers,oranotherdriversinvisiblyupsetwithyou,therearethingyoucandotoavoidanymajorconfrontation.IfyouaresusceptibletoRoadRage,thekeyistodischargeyouremotioninahealthyway.Ifyouarethetargetofanotherdriver’srage,doeverythingpossibletogetawayfromtheotherdriversafely,includingavoidingeyecontactandgettingoutoftheirway.49.ThefirstsentenceinParagraph1impliesthat______.A.peoplenotinterestedinthemediaknowlittleaboutrecenthappeningsB.RoadRagehasreceivedmuchmediacoverageinthelastfewmonthsC.onemayberagedbymediareportsandwantstoavoidthemD.themediacoinedtheterm“RoadRage”onlyafewmonthsago50.AccordingtotheNationalHighwayTransportationSafetyAssociation,lastyear______.A.drunkdrivingremainedtheNo.1killeronthehighwaysB.morepeoplewerekilledbyaggressivedrivingthanbydrunkdrivingC.twothirdsofdriverswerekilledbyaggressivedrivingD.41,907peoplefeelvictimtoaggressivedriving51.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedasacauseofaggressivedriving?A.Increasingnumberofcars.B.Drivers’stressandanxiety.C.Overcrowdedroads.D.Rushhourtraffic.52.Theword“spell”inParagraph3means“______.”A.speak B.causeC.describe D.spare53.Whichofthefollowingcharacterizesaggressivedriving?A.Talkingwhiledriving. B.Drivingfast.C.Yellingatanotherdriver. D.Soundingthehornwhenpassing.54.Thelastparagraphisintendedto______.A.tellpeoplehowtocopewithRoadRageB.informpeoplehowaggressivedriverscouldbeC.tellpeoplehowtocontrolthemselveswhenangryD.warnpeopleagainsteyecontactwithanotherdriverPassageFive Intheearly20thcentury,ahorsenamedCleverHanswasbelievedcapableofcountingandotherimpressivementaltasks.Afteryearsofgreatperformance,psychologistsdiscoveredthatthoughHanswascertainlyclever,hewasnotcleverinthewayeveryoneexpected.Thehorsewascleverlypickingupontiny,unintentionalbodilyanfacialsignalsgivenoutnotonlybyhistrainer,butalsobytheaudience.Awareofthe“CleverHans”effect,LisaLitattheUniversityofDrLitasked18professionaldoghandlersandtheirdogstocompletebriefsearches.Beforethesearches,thehandleswereinformedthatsomeofthesearchareasmightcontainuptothreetargetscents,andalsothatintwocasesthosescentswouldbemarkedbypiecesofredpaper.Whatthehandlerswerenottoldwasthatnoneofthesearchareascontainedscentsofeitherdrugsorexplosives.Any“detections”madebytheteamsthushadtobefalse.Thefindingsrevealthatof144searches,only21wereclean(noalerts).Alltheothersraisedonealertormore.Intotal,theteamsraised225alerts.WhilethesheernumberoffalsealertsDrLitasfascinating,itwasofgreatestinterest.Whenhandlerscouldseearedpieceofpaper,allegedlymarkingalocationofinterest,theyweremuchmorelikelytosaythattheirgodssignaledanalert.Thehumanhandlerswerenotonlydistractedonalmosteveryoccasionbythestimulusaimedatthem,butalsotransmittedthatdistractiontotheiranimals-whorespondedaccordingly.Tomixmetaphors,thedogswerecrying“wolf”attheunconscioussignaloftheirhandlers.Howmuchthatmattersintherealworldisunclear.Butitmight.Ifahandler,forexample,unconsciously“profiled”peoplebeingsniffedbyadrugorexplosive-detectingdogatanairport,falsepositivescouldabound.Thatisnotonlybadforinnocenttravelers,butmightdistracttheteamfromcatchingtheguilty.55.WhatdidpsychologistsfindoutaboutCleverHans?A.Hewasascleveraspeopleclaimed.B.Hewasreallygoodatcounting.C.Hecouldunderstandhumanlanguage.D.Hemerelyrespondedtohumansignals.56.LisaLitandhercolleagues______.A.questionedthe“CleverHans”effectB.discoveredthe“CleverHans”effectC.confirmedthe“CleverHans”effectD.rejectedthe“CleverHans”effect57.Thedoghandlerslearnedbeforethesearchesthat______.A.eachsearchareacontainedthreetargetscentsB.therewasactuallynotargetscentinthesearchareaC.sometargetscentsmaybelabeledwithaspecialmarkD.theirdogswereexpectstofindthescentsofredpaper58.Whatwasmostsignificantabouttheexperiment,accordingtoDr.Lit?A.Thelocationofthefalsealerts.B.Theregularityofthefalsealerts.C.Thenumberofthefalsealerts.D.Thetimingofthefalsealerts.59.Itcanbeconcludedfromtheexperimentthat______.A.doghandlersaremorelikelytobedistractedthantheirdogsB.dogsmayactIresponsetotheirhandlers’bodilysignalsC.thecooperationbetweendogsandtheirhandlersiskeytosuccessD.well-traineddog