高考英語閱讀解理講義

③當整理的態(tài)度不明朗時，考生要學會根據(jù)整理使用詞語的褒貶性去判斷整理的態(tài)度。如（successful(ly),positive(ly),active(ly),negative(ly),unfortunate(ly),doubtful(ly)等。觀點題就是問整理對某人或某事物的具體看法，題干中常有opinion,view等。如，Whatistheauthor'sopinionabout...?Accordingtotheauthor,_________.Intheauthor'sopinion/view,解題技巧：1）文中陳述的內(nèi)容并不一定都是整理的觀點。整理可能為了證明自己的某種觀點而引用了別人的觀點，解題時要注意區(qū)別。整理觀點一般與文章主旨相關(guān)聯(lián)。如，Passage1.Theelephantistheonlyanimalintheworldwithatrunk.Itusesitstrunkinmanyways....Whenanelephantisangry,itstuskscanbeverydangerous.Thetusksofanelephantarereallyitsfrontteeth.Peoplepayalotofmoneyfortheivoryofanelephant'stusks.InAfricamenhavehuntedelephantsfortheirtusks.Theivoryfromthetuskismadeintomanybeautifulthings.Intheauthor'sopinion,anelephant'stusksare_________.expensiveB.dangerousC.beautifulD.BothAandBPassage2.AnimalRightisamovementthatintendstoprotectallanimalsfrombeingusedandabusedbyhumans.Thisincludestheuseofanimalsforanythingthatcausesthempainandsuffering,suchasmedicalexperimentation,imprisonmentinzoos,andfurproduction.TheAnimalRightsmovementhasverydifferentobjectivesthananimalwelfaregroups.Whilewelfareactivitiesfightforamorehumanetreatmentofanimalsingeneral,animalrightsactivitieswantanimalstobeconsideredasindividuals,ratherthanproperty(財產(chǎn)）.What'stheauthor'sattitudetowardstheAnimalRightsmovement?UninterestedB.DisapprovingC.ObjectiveD.DoubtfulPassage3.Andwhatiswrongwithasocietythatthinksthatmakingupagoodexcuseislikecreatingaworkofart?Oneofcommonproblemswithmakingexcusesisthatpeople,especiallyyoungpeople,gettheideathatit'sokaynottobetotallyhonestallthetime.Thereisacorollary(直接推論）tothat:ifagoodexcuseis"good"evenifitisn'thonest,thenwhereistheplaceofthetruth?Whatistheauthor'sopinionaboutagoodexcuse?Makingagoodexcuseissometimesabetterpolicy.Inventingagoodexcuseneedscreativeideas.Agoodexcuseisasrewardingashonesty.D.Bittertruthisbetterthanagoodexcuse.Passage4-(周報25期-A篇第30題）...Thatisobviouslybadfortheears,andcanalsocausestress.Withnoimmediateimprovementissight,theonlysolutionsaretoleavethecity,wearearmuffsortalkalittlelouder.Accordingtothetext,theauthor________.isdoubtfulabouttheharmofnoisepollutionB.isconfidentofBuenosAire'simprovementC.suffersfrommentaldiseasescausedbythenoiseD.isdisappointedbynoiselevelsinBuenosAires10.推斷題(infer)1）因果推斷題(P63)2）推斷隱含意義(P113)3）推斷寫作目的（P124）4）推斷文章出處(P232)推理題是對深層閱讀理解的要求，分為明顯推斷題和含蓄推斷題。閱讀答題時，應(yīng)以文章的已知信息為前提，以事實為依據(jù)，有時還要以文章的語境、內(nèi)涵和筆調(diào)為前提，透過文章的表層而達到深層，方可得出文章未加說明的卻又合乎邏輯的結(jié)論，選擇正確答案。選項設(shè)計特點：a.與文中事實相矛盾（contradictoryoffact);b.違反邏輯（againstlogic);c.文中無此事實（nomentioned)或原文信息的簡單重復(fù)（repeatedsimply)d.正確答案（correct)I.明顯推斷題：題干通常含有infer（推斷）,imply(暗示），indicate(暗示）suggest（暗示）,和conclude等詞。常用的提問方法有：1.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat...Whichofthefollowingcanbereadilyinferred3)Wecanconcludefromthepassagethat...Thepassageimpliesthat...5)Thewritersuggestthat...如，Passage1:Awell-knownoldmanwasbeinginterviewedandwasaskedifitwascorrectthathehadjustcelebratedhisninety-ninthbirthday."That'sright,"saidtheoldman."Ninety-nineyearsold,andIhaven'tanenemyintheworld.They'realldead.""Well,sir,"saidtheinterviewer,"Ihopeverymuchtohavethehonorofinterviewingyouonyourhundredthbirthday."Theoldmanlookedattheyoungmanclosely,andsaid,"Ican'tseewhyyoushouldn't.Youlookfitandhealthytome!"Wecanconcludefromthepassagethattheoldmanwasakindofman________A.HewassillyB.HewasunpleasantC.Hewasveryproudandsureofhishealth.D.HewasveryimpolitetoyoungpeoplePassage2:Twominers,trapped116feetundergroundfor24daysinacollapsed(倒塌的）goldmine,wererescuedtoday.Bothweremuddybutsmilingwhen,wrappedinwhitebedsheets,theywerecarriedoutofthemineonstretchers.Theminerssmilingimpliedthat_______.theyweremuddy.B.theyhadfoundgoldC.theyhadbeenwrappedinsheetsD.theywererescuedPassage3:(周-25期-A篇）Thecityhasanetworkofpoorlymanagedbuses,whichrushalongnarrowstreetswithnoisyenginesandscreechingbrakes.Trainrunthroughtheheartofthecity,andimpatientmotoristssitintrafficjamshootingtheirhorns.BuenosAirescanalsobehotandhumid,sowindowsareleftopenorairconditionerswhirrawaydayandnight.ItcanbeinferredfromthetextthatinBuenosAires_______.thetrafficiswellmanagedB.trainswillreplacebusesC.hotweatherleadstomorenoiseD.manypeoplehaveleftduetothenoiseII.含蓄推斷題(推斷寫作目的;推斷文章出處)1.推斷寫作目的題：要求考生推斷整理寫這篇文章的目的。題干中常有purpose,intendto,meantto,inorderto等?？忌筛鶕?jù)文章的主旨和體裁來推斷整理的寫作目的。文章的首尾段或每段的首尾句是閱讀的重點，整理的寫作意圖往往就隱含在其中。整理寫文章的目的通常有三種：1）toentertainreaders:常見于個人經(jīng)歷或故事類的文章topersuadereaders:常見于廣告或議論文3）toinformreaders:多見于科普類、新聞報道類、文化類、社會類以及勸告性或建議性的文章。弄清其寫作目的，需要找準主題句，把握文章主旨。常見的題干有：、。Whatisthepurposeofthispassage?2)Themainpurposeofthispassageis...Thispassageisintendedto...4)Whichofthefollowingmaybestdescribethepurposeofthispassage?如,Passage1:AyoungmanfromavillagecalledNawalapitiyamarriedayoungwomanfromMaliyuwa,anearbyvillage.Theylivedwiththeman'sbigfamilyhisparents,hisbrothers,theirwivesandchildren.Thefamilykeptanelephant,inwhichtheyoungwomansoontookagreatinterest.Everydayshefeditwithfruitandsugar.Threemonthslaterthewomanwentbacktoherparent'shome,havingquarrelledwithherhusband.Soontheelephantrefusedtoeatandwork.Itappearedtobeillandheart-broken.Onemorningafterseveralweekstheanimaldisappearedfromthehouse.Itwenttothewoman'shome.Onseeingher,theelephantwaveditstrunkandtouchedherwithit.Theyoungwomanwassomovedbytheactoftheanimalthatshereturnedtoherhusband'shome.Thewriterwrotethestoryinorderto_______ShowthatelephantsareverycleverB.TellhowawomantrainedawildanimalC.Showthatwomencaremoreforanimalsthanmendo.D.Tellhowananimalre-unitedahusbandandwifePassage2(周報26期-A篇）:...Lifeisharderforteensofthisgeneration,shesays,"It'saconstantpressuretohavethingslikeothershave,tobeabletodothingsthatothersdo,"Logansays."Whenyoudon'thavetwobreadwinnersinthehouse,it'shard."...Thepurposeofthistextisto_______.A.proveteensareundergreatpressureB.explainwhykidswantindependenceC.advisereaderstofightagainstothersD.expectkidstogetalongwellwithothers.推斷文章出處題：要求考生推斷文章出自何種文獻，屬于何種學科。提問的方式有：1)Thepassageismostlikelytobetakenfrom_______.2)Wherecanwemostprobablyreadthispassage?Wherewouldthispassagemostprobablyappear?3)Thepassageismostlikelytobefound_______.如，passage1.Doyoualwaysunderstandthedirectionsonabottleofmedicine?Doyouknowwhatismeantby"Takeonlyasdirected?"Readthefollowingdirectionsandseeifyouunderstandthem.Toreducepain,taketwotabletswithwater,followedbyonetableteveryeighthours,asrequired,Fornight-timeandearlymorningrelieftaketwotabletsatbedtime.Donottakemorethansixtabletsintwenty-fourhours.Thispassageismostprobablytakenfroma________.textbookB.newsreelC.doctor'snotebookD.bottleofmedicineIV.閱讀理解綜合題型演練AThestorytellsaboutanAmericangeneral.HewasaveryimportantherointheAmericanarmyduringtheFirstWorldWar.EverybodyintheUnitedStatesknewhimandmanypeoplewishedtohaveapictureorsomethingofhisintheirhomes.SoonafterthewarthegeneralreturnedtoWashington.Onedayhewenttoadentistandhadsixteethpulledout.Aweeklaterthegeneralheardthathisteethwerebeingsoldincuriosityshopsatfivedollarseach.Oneachoftheteeththerewasalabel(標簽）withthenameofthegeneralandwords""Buytheseteethandshowthemtoyourfriendsathome".Thegeneralgotangry.Herushedtohisofficeandorderedsixofficerstogoaroundthecityandbuyallhisteeth.Intheeveningtheyreturnedandputonthetableinfrontofthegeneraltheteeththeyhadbought.Theyhadcollected175teeth.1.Therewasthegeneral'snameonthelabelofeachtooth.Thisimplies_______Thegeneral'snamewasknownbymostofthepeopleinWashington.Theshop-keeperwantedtohavemorepeoplebuytheteeth.Theshop-keepertriedtomakegeneralknownbymorepeopleinWashington.BothAandC2.Thegeneralorderedhismento________.lookforthisteethandbuyallofthem.B.catchthedentistatonceC.makealltheshopsstopsellingteeth.D.buyalltheteethinallthecuriosityshops.3.ThegeneralreturnedtoWashington________duringthewarB.aftertheCivilWar.C.after1945.D.after19184.Thebesttitleforthispassageis________AnImportantGeneralB.HowtoFindtheGeneral'sTeethC.TheValuableTeethD.TheGeneralandHisTeeth.5.Intheevening,theofficeswentbackwithalltheteethpaid______dollarsforthem.A.785B.1050C.157D.875B.Likemostpeopleyourintelligencechangesfromseasontoseason.Youareprobablyalotsharperinthespringthanyouareatanyothertimeoftheyear.Awell-knownscientist,EllsworthHuntington,concludedfromothermen'sworkandhisownamongpeoplesindifferentclimatesthatclimateandtemperaturehaveacleareffectonourintelligence.Hefoundthatcoolweatherismuchbetterforcreativethinkingthanwarmweatheratlearninginthesummerastheyareduringtherestoftheyear.Itdoesmean,however,thattheintelligenceoflargenumbersofpeopleseemstobelowestinthesummer.Springappearstobethebestperiodoftheyearforthinking.Onereasonmaybethatinthespringman'sintelligenceiseffectedbythesamefactorsthatbringaboutgreatchangesinallnature.Autumnisthenext-bestseason,thenwinter.Asforsummer,itseemstobeagoodtimetotakelongholidaysfromthinking!6.Huntingtondecidedthatclimateandtemperaturehave______.A.someeffectonmostpeople'sintelligenceB.agreateffectoneveryone'sintelligenceC.agreateffectontheintelligenceofthoselivinginahotclimateD.adeepeffectontheintelligenceofthoselivinginahotclimate7.Onepossiblereasonwhyspringisthebestperiodforthinkingisthat______ItisthefirstseasonoftheyearB.ItlastslongerthantheotherseasonsC.IthasmoresunnydaysthanrainydaysD.Itisgoodforthegrowthofallnature8.WemayconcludethatHuntington_________A.inventedmanythingsafterhehaddrawntheconclusionB.joinedsomeothermenresearchworkC.drewtheconclusiononlyfromhisownexperience.D.gotsupporthisworkfrompeoplesindifferentclimates9.Whichofthefollowingistherightorderfromtheworstperiodtothebestperiodoftheyearforthinking?Summer-winter-autumn-spring.B.Spring-autumn-winter-summerC.Summer-autumn-winter-springD.spring-summer-autumn-winter10.Whichtittlebestgivesthemainideaofthepassage?A.TheSeasonsoftheYearB.ClimateandTemperatureC.IntelligenceandtheSeasonsD.GreatChangesinNatureC.MotherTeresawasborninYugoslavia(南斯拉夫）onAugust27th,1910.Sheattendedthegovernmentschoolnearherhomeuntilshewaseighteen.Atthattime,somedoctorsandnursesfromYugoslaviawereworkinginIndia,andtheyoftenwrotetotheschoolabouttheirwork.Shedecidedtojointhemoneday.Whenshefinishedschool,shewentfirsttoBritain.ThenayearlatershewenttoIndia,whereshebegantotraintobeateacher.Aftertraining,shewassenttoCalcutta，whereshetaughtgeographyataschoolandsoonaftershebecameheadmistress.However,althoughshelovedteaching,in1946MotherTeresalefttheschoolandwenttoworkinthepoorpartsofCalcutta.LatershetrainedtobecomeanurseinPatna,andthenbeganherworkhelpingthepoorandcomfortingthedyinginthestreetsofthecity.Slowly,otherscametohelpher,andherworkspreadtootherpartsofIndia.MotherTeresaisnowawell-knownperson.Manyphotoshavebeentakenofher,asshetravelstheworldtoopennewschoolsandhospitalsinpoorcountries.In1979,shewasgiventheNobelPeacePrizeforthelifetimeofloveandserviceshehasgiventothepoor.11.WheredidMotherTeresareceivehereducation?A.InYugoslaviaandIndiaB.InYugoslaviaandBritainC.InBritainandIndiaD.InYugoslavia,Britain,andIndia12.WhatfirstinspiredMotherTeresatoworkinIndia?A.HervisittothepoorpartsofCalcuttaB.HervisittoBritainaftersheleftschoolC.Themedicalworkers'letterstoherschoolD.TheworkofthenurseinthecityofPatna13.InwhichorderdidMotherTeresadothefollowingthings?a.Trainedtobenurseb.WenttoIndiac.Helpedthedyingd.Studiedtobeateachere.WenttoBritainf.WorkedasaheadmistressA.b,a,c,e,d,fB.b,f,a,d,e,cC.e,b,d,f,a,cD.e,a,b,c,d,f14.MotherTeresagaveupteachingbecauseshewanted_______.A.tolookafterthepoorB.totraveltopoorcountriesC.tobuildhospitalsforthepoorD.totrainnursestocareforthepoor15.MotherTeresaisnowafamouspersonbecauseshehas________.A.savedmanypoorpeopleinIndiaB.helpedtobringaboutworldpeaceC.helpedtomakeIndiaamorepeacefulplaceD.takencareofmanypoorpeopleintheworld.D.Peopleandthesourcesofairpollutionarefoundinthesameplaces.Thismeansthatcitieswithlargepopulationshavethebiggestproblemofdirtyair.Airpollutioniscausedbymanydifferentthings.Amajorsourceofairpollutionisthegasfumesfromcars.Statisticsshowthat93percentofallautotripsarewithincities.Anothermajorsourceofdirtyairistheburningofcoalandoilforenergy.Thisenergyisneededtomakeelectricity.Ofcourse,muchmoreelectricityisusedinthecitythaninthecountry.Ontheaverage,wethrowawaymoretrashandgarbagethantheyearbefore.Theburningofgarbagecontributestoairpollution.Manymajorindustriesarealsoresponsibleforthedirtyairinthearoundcities.Thefumesfromiron,steel,chemical,andpetroleumproductionaddparticlestotheair.Theeffectsofairpollutionrangefrommildheadachestodeath.Thelevelsofpollutionfoundinheavyfortrafficmaycauseheadachesforlossofclearvision.Wherevercoalandoilareusedforfuel,fumesmaykilltreesandplantsandcausemetaltocorrode.Insomeofthelargercities,thesefumesendangertheliveofhumanbeingsbycontributingtolungdiseasesandcausingearlydeath.16.Thekeypointofthepassageisthat_________.A.thecauseofairpollutionispeopleB.thecausesandtheeffectsofairpollutionarebothfoundincitiesC.theeffectsofairpollutionrangefromheadachestodeathD.airpollutioniscausedbydirtyair17.Whatisthepurposeofthispassage?A.topersuadepeopletostoppollutingtheairB.totellthecausesofairpollutionC.totellwhycitiesarebadplacestoliveD.todescribewhycitiesarebadplacestolive18.Whyisairpollutionmoregraveinthecitythaninthecountry?A.Becausetherelargerpopulationsincities.B.Becausetheairinthecityisdirty.C.Becausetherearemorecarsinthecity.D.Beca